Bacteriology Commons^™

A Survey Of Antibiotic Resistance Among Coliform Bacteria Isolated From The Missouri River, Sara E. Mcdonnell, Amy M. Treonis

Biology Faculty Publications

The prevalence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms in the environment is not well known but could represent a challenge to maintaining public health in the future. Fecal waste from livestock facilities, where antibiotics are routinely used, is recognized as a significant source of pollution to surface waters in the United States. We collected water from the Missouri River across a winter to spring seasonal change in order to survey the density of coliform bacteria. We tested bacterial isolates for resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. Coliform density in Missouri River water generally was high throughout the study (0-405 cfu …

Decoupling Between Bacteria And The Surf-Zone Diatom Asterionellopsis Glacialis At Cassino Beach, Brazil, Paulo C. Abreu, Leonardo R. Rorig, Virginia Garcia, Clarisse Odebrecht, Bopaiah Biddanda

Peer-reviewed scientific publications

The surf-zone diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis (Castracane) Round attains extremely high abundances (up to 109 cells l–1) and chl a concentrations (up to 1.5 mg chl a l–1), forming darkbrown patches in Cassino Beach, southern Brazil. Several lines of evidence from this study indicate a decoupling between A. glacialis and heterotrophic bacteria. For instance, despite the high abundance of diatoms, associated high levels of chl a and rates of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production by A. glacialis, bacterial abundance at Cassino Beach was extremely low (0.03 to 0.7 × 106 cells ml–1) compared to the nearby estuarine waters, adjacent coastal waters …

Comparison Of Tnf-A Levels Produced By Macrophages Treated With Brucella Abortus And Escherichia Coli Lps, Tajie Harris

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

A Comparison Study Of Astm-Ifa (Icr) Method, The Pronetic Method And Dynal Method For Detection And Enumeration Of Giardia And Cryptosproidium In Source Waters In Kentucky, Lisa Curtis Hawkins

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Lisa Curtis Hawkins on November 28, 2000.

Integronlike Structures In Campylobacter Spp. Of Human And Animal Origin, Brigid Lucey, D. Crowley, P. Moloney, B. Cryan, M. Daly, F. O'Halloran, E. J. Threlfall, S. Fanning

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Resistance to antimicrobial agents used to treat severe Campylobacter spp. gastroenteritis is increasing worldwide. We assessed the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolates of human and animal origin. More than half (n = 32) were resistant to sulphonamide, a feature known to be associated with the presence of integrons. Analysis of these integrons will further our understanding of Campylobacter spp. epidemiology.

Succinate Dehydrogenase (Sdh) From Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Is Closely Related To Mitochondrial Sdh, David J. Westenberg, Mary Lou Guerinot

Dartmouth Scholarship

The sdhCDAB operon, encoding succinate dehydrogenase, was cloned from the soybean symbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Sdh from B. japonicum is phylogenetically related to Sdh from mitochondria. This is the first example of a mitochondrion-like Sdh functionally expressed in Escherichia coli.

Pyoveridine Production By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Exposed To Metals Or An Oxidative Stress Agent, Kim-Hien Thi Dao, Katherine E. Hamer, Christine L. Clark, Lawrence G. Harshman

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Siderophores are low molecular mass compounds used by many microorganisms to scavenge dissolved iron, which is typically rare in environments. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) was exposed to metals and methyl viologen in low-iron medium in order to monitor the abundance of a specific siderophore (pyoverdine) and monitor growth over time. In this study it was discovered that cadmium can stimulate pyoverdine abundance. Cadmium may interact with and sequester the Fur regulatory protein, which represses siderophore synthesis under conditions of iron sufficiency. Mercury did not stimulate pyoverdine production at concentrations that strongly inhibited bacterial growth, suggesting that pyoverdine production is not governed …

Isolation And Characterization Of Luxi And Luxr Homologues From Edwardsiella Ictaluri, Edward Todd Jacobs

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Edward Todd Jacobs on August 1, 1997.

The Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Fega Gene Encodes An Iron-Regulated Outer Membrane Protein With Similarity To Hydroxamate-Type Siderophore Receptors., Kristin Levier, Mary Lou Guerinot

Dartmouth Scholarship

Iron is important in the symbiosis between soybean and its nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum, yet little is known about rhizobial iron acquisition strategies. Analysis of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from B. japonicum 61A152 identified three iron-regulated OMPs in the size range of several known receptors for Fe(III)-scavenging siderophores. One of the iron-regulated proteins, FegA, was purified and microsequenced, and a reverse genetics approach was used to clone a fegA-containing DNA fragment. Sequencing of this fragment revealed a single open reading frame of 750 amino acids. A putative N-terminal signal sequence of 14 amino acids which would result in a mature …

Oxygen Control Of The Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Hema Gene., Karen M. Page, Mary Lou Guerinot

Dartmouth Scholarship

The hemA gene of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, which encodes the first enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, is regulated by oxygen. Up to ninefold induction of beta-galactosidase activity is seen when cultures of B. japonicum containing either a plasmid-encoded or a chromosomally integrated hemA-lacZ fusion are shifted to restricted aeration. The oxygen effect is mediated via the FixLJ two-component regulatory system, which regulates the expression of a number of genes involved in the nitrogen fixation process in response to low-oxygen conductions; oxygen induction is lost when the hemA-lacZ fusion is expressed in strains of B. japonicum carrying mutations in fixL or …

In Vitro Activity Of Four Fluoroquinolones On Selected Bacteria, Sheryl L. Pullen

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In 1990-1991, in a national surveillance study, and in 1991-1992, in a followup study, both by Thornsberry et al. (1993), ciprofloxacin data from various geographical and demographical institutions were collected. Several species of bacteria have shown resistance to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, but the degree of resistance to these drugs has not been reported for the Stockton area. To determine the extent of this resistance, Dameron Hospital antibiograms generated from 1990 to 1994 were reviewed and compared. Results of the comparison show that susceptibility among the Gram-negative isolates, with the exception of Providencia stuartii, Acinetobacter lwoffi, and to a lesser extent …

A Modified Scheme For The Isolation And Enumeration Of Bacteria In Municipal Sewage Sludge, Kelly Ball

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Because of the potential health hazards associated with the use of sludge for agricultural purposes, Dudley et al (1980) published a scheme for the routine analysis of bacteria in municipal sewage sludge. In this study, the Dudley et al scheme (1980) was modified by updating some of the procedures. Aerobically digested sludge generated by the Bowling Green Wastewater Treatment Plant, Bowling Green, Kentucky, was analyzed using the modified scheme. Sludge samples were collected once every two months over a one-year period from October 1989 to August 1990.

Egg yolk-free tryptose sulfite cycloserine agar in conjunction with the revewrse CAMP test …

The Morphology, Physiology, And Fine Structure Of A Toluene-Oxidizing Strain Of Pseudomonas Putida, Barry Clayton Anderson

Dissertations and Theses

The role of microorganisms in the degradation of xenobiotics in the environment is well established. Bacteria from the genus Pseudomonas are particularly well adapted to the degradation of hydrocarbons, aromatics, and numerous other natural and introduced substrates. We have isolated a strain of Pseudomonas putida, designated PC2P15, that uses toluene, phenol, benzene, and a number of other substrates as its sole sources of carbon and energy.

Effects Of Conalbumin Bound Iron On The Growth Of Salmonella Paratyphi B And Salmonella Thompson, John Nicholas Mason

Dissertations and Theses

I have investigated the possibility that specific conalbumin (ovotransferrin) iron saturation levels enable less virulent strains of Salmonella to become more virulent. Iron starved cells of two pathogenic Salmonella strains, S. paratyphi B var. java and S. thompson, were cultured in iron limited media at 3 different iron conalbumin saturation levels. Results indicate that strains differ significantly at both low and high iron saturation conalbumin. These differences depict a growth advantage for S. paratyphi B which correlates with reports by the Centers for Disease Control that S. paratyphi B was 3 times more frequent in blood isolates than S. …

A Preliminary Investigation Of The Effect Of Storm Events On The Concentration Of Volatile Organic Compounds In The Lost River Cave System, Warren County, Kentucky, Francis Michael Cretella

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Samples of cave water were analyzed for volatile organic compounds during four separate storm events. The major compounds detected were toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, methylene chloride, and 1,1-dicloroethane. Minor compounds detected were trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and ethylbenzene. These compounds were detected in varying amounts at each of the three study sites. During a storm event, the levels of each contaminant changed significantly at all three sites studied. Two effects were observed when a storm event occurred. The first effect was the dilution of the volatile organic compounds during the storm event. These effects were related to the amount of rainfall and …

Characterization Of A New Freshwater Methanogen, Methanogenium Wolfei Sp. Nov., Theodore B. Moore

Dissertations and Theses

A recently isolated freshwater methanogenium species, Methanogenium wolfei, is characterized. Cells were irregular cocci, measuring 1.5 to 2.0 micrometers in diameter. No motility was observed, but 1 to 2 flagella per cell were observed after staining with Gray's Flagella Stain. Colonies formed by this species were small, shiny, and green-brown in color. Formate or hydrogen plus carbon dioxide served as substrates for growth. The optimal temperature for growth was found to be 45 degrees centigrade with minimal growth below 30 degrees centigrade and above 55 degrees centigrade. The optimal pH for growth was determined to be 6.8. Optimal growth was …

Benthic Diatom Community Dynamics In The Colorado River: Interactive Effects Of Periodic Dessication And Current Regime, Christopher Gerard Peterson

Publications (WR)

The response to periodic desiccation of periphyton communities developed in eddy environments or in areas exposed to variable, direct current was examined. Algal communities were incubated on clay tiles for between 2 and 12 weeks in the Colorado River, directly below Hoover Dam from October, 1983 - January, 1984. Mean daily discharge from the dam decreased over this period. To assess the influence of these discharge changes on community dynamics, samples collected over the first 12 weeks of the investigation were compared to samples of the same age collected over the final 8 weeks.

The small diatom taxon Achnahthes spp …

A Bacteriological And Chemical Analysis Of Nonpoint Source Pollution In A Karst Aquifer Bowling Green, Kentucky, Wayne Green

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Monthly water samples collected from four sites in the Lost River Groundwater Basin, a shallow karst aquifer in the Bowling Green-Warren County area of Kentucky, represented samples from sites receiving conduit and diffuse flow. All sites were severely contaminated with bacteria, and on some occasions the surface water criteria for some heavy metals were exceeded.

Of the total 334 bacterial colonies identified 92.1% were verified as Escherichia coli by the API20E system. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratum accounted for 2.10% of colonies; Citrobacter freundii for 0.30% Klebsiella pneumoniae for 0.90%; Klebsiella oxytoca, 0.90%; Citrobacter amalonaticus 0.30%; Enterobacter cloacae, 1.20%; …

Characterization Of Gram-Positive Bacterial Isolates From Burn Victims, Trisha A. Hannan

Dissertations and Theses

Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were collected from patients hospitalized at the Oregon Burn Center, Emanuel Hospital, Portland, Oregon, between October 27, 1980 and January 1, 1981. Forty-five isolates of Staphylococcus and twenty-one isolates of Streptococcus, Lancefield Group D, were included in the investigation.

The objectives of the investigation were: (i) to identify to the species level all isolates, (ii) to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, (iii) to test the organisms. over time for increasing resistance to silver, (iv) to determine, if present, a bacterium harbored within the burn unit (nosocomial bacterium), and (v) to determine any recognizable pattern of successive …

Plasmid-Mediated Resistance To Arsenite And Arsenate In Escherichia Coli, Thomas Patrick Trezona

Dissertations and Theses

Bacterial strains resistant to arsenite, arsenate (or both) are readily isolated from nature. The resistance, in many cases, can be shown to be determined by conjugal plasmids. The mechanisms by which these plasmids confer resistance to arsenic compounds are entirely unknown. This study was undertaken to shed light on some of the physiological and genetic aspects of this resistance using plasmid-bearing strains of Escherichia coli which are highly resistant to both arsenite and arsenate. Most studies were carried out using E. coli J53 (R773) or the plasmid-free strain J53.

Occurrence And Characteristics Of Nonfruiting Myxobacteria Isolated From Pine Forest Soils, Paul M. Kulvi

All Master's Theses

A study was conducted to contribute to the taxonomy of the nonfruiting myxobacteria and to determine the effects of fire on the occurrence and characteristics of nonfruiting myxobacteria isolated from pine forest soil Three years after a prescribed burn, the population of nonfruiting myxobacteria was decreased in the burn site. The organisms isolated were distinct from any of the known species of nonfruiting myxobacteria, and apparently are new species.

Characteristics Of A Bacteriophage Isolated For Pseudomonas Tabaci, Linda R. Nichols

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Sciences and Mathematics at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Linda R. Nichols on July 19, 1971.

Description And Seasonal Variation In Incidence Of A New Species Of Myxosporidian Parasite (Class Myxosporidea) Of The Bluegill Sunfish, Lepomis Macrochirus Rafineque, In Kentucky, Stephen Bayes Crider

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A new histozoic myxosporidian parasite (Class Mysoxporidea), Myxobolus meglitschi sp. nov., infecting young-of-the-year and yearling bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus Raf., from Shanty Hollow Lake, Warren County, Kentucky was described. Phenology was investigated from January 20 to December, 1969.

The magnitude of infection varied seasonally in bluegill. Incidence was highest in July and August (43.92) in host populations, declining, but not disappearing from September to December 20, 1969. The infection exhibited a yearly mean incidence of 22.318.

The pattern of distribution of cysts on hosts varied seasonally. During periods of low incidence cysts were confined primarily to a postanal area below …

Biochemical Properties Of Salmonella Potsdam Bacteriophage P4/2, Clyde L. Roggenkamp

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Over 90% recovery of phage P4/2 was realized with differential centrifugation concentration and purification, whereas only about 16% was recovered from the aqueous two-phase polymer - Genetron - ECTEOLA-cellulose column system. Purity of preparations was greatest with the density gradient centrifugation (A₂₆₀ = 2.66 and A₂₈₀ = 1.80 per 10¹² plaque-forming units). With the chemical system of concentration and purification followed by an ECTEOLA anion exchange run, the A₂₆₀ was 6.6 and the A₂₈₀ was 4.3.

Three tests were employed to determine the configuration of P4/2 DNA: (1) a formalin denaturation test, (2) a thermal …

Ultraviolet Induction Properties Of Salmonella Potsdam Bacteriophages, Berney Roy Neufeld

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Three lysogenic strains of Salmonella potsdam were studied to determine whether or not they were inducible by ultraviolet light under certain conditions. The strains examined were SP3, SP4, and SP9. SP3 and SP4 contained a single prophage each and SP9 contained two prophages P9a and P9c. The ultraviolet light sensitivities of each of these lysogenic strains and the indicator strain SP2 were also examined.

All three lysogenic strains were found to be inducible. SP3 was induced an average of 3.59% and SP4 an average of 2.21%. The difference between the induction percentages of SP3 and SP4 was not statistically significant. …

Utilization Of Peptones And Peptone Fractions By Bacteria, Margaret E. Mcmaster

Open Access Master's Theses (through 2010)

An attempt was made to determine the minimum concentration of the different peptones which are necessary to support the growth of a group of aerobic microorganisms. The medium for this experiment was semi-solid glucose peptone agar, with the peptone being varied in amount and kind.

1. The growth supporting properties of the peptones under investigation varied a great deal.
2. The minimum concentration of peptone necessary for the growth of Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus lactis, and Salmonella pullorum was determined.
3. Peptones appear to contain a substance which is toxic to Salmonella pullorum or else they lack a growth …

Critique Of Influence Of Mineral Manures Upon The Mineral And Nitrogen Composition Of Plants, Dan Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Variation in quality of plants of the same species has been known to exist for a long time. The influences bringing about such variation have been studied only comparatively recently. Quantity production has been given the greatest amount of attention as a rule, the beneficial results from the use of manures being judged by the quantity of produce. Some plants, however, varied so widely in composition, and the variations were of such paramount importance, that the influences affecting quality began to receive some attention. Of this type of plants may be mentioned sugar-beets and tobacco. There was also the hope …