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2021

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Articles 451 - 452 of 452

Full-Text Articles in Microbiology

Why Do Antibiotics Exist?, Fabrizio Spagnolo, Monica Trujillo, John J. Dennehy Jan 2021

Why Do Antibiotics Exist?, Fabrizio Spagnolo, Monica Trujillo, John J. Dennehy

Publications and Research

In the struggle with antibiotic resistance, we are losing. There is now a serious threat of moving into a postantibiotic world. High levels of resistance, in terms of both frequency and strength, have evolved against all clinically approved antibiotics worldwide. The usable life span of new clinically approved antibiotics is typically less than a decade before resistance reaches frequencies so high as to require only guarded usage. However, microbes have produced antibiotics for millennia without resistance becoming an existential issue. If resistance is the inevitable consequence of antibiotic usage, as has been the human experience, why has it not become …


Rotavirus A Genome Segments Show Distinct Segregation And Codon Usage Patterns, Irene Hoxie, John J. Dennehy Jan 2021

Rotavirus A Genome Segments Show Distinct Segregation And Codon Usage Patterns, Irene Hoxie, John J. Dennehy

Publications and Research

Reassortment of the Rotavirus A (RVA) 11-segment dsRNA genome may generate new genome constellations that allow RVA to expand its host range or evade immune responses. Reassortment may also produce phylogenetic incongruities and weakly linked evolutionary histories across the 11 segments, obscuring reassortment-specific epistasis and changes in substitution rates. To determine the co-segregation patterns of RVA segments, we generated time-scaled phylogenetic trees for each of the 11 segments of 789 complete RVA genomes isolated from mammalian hosts and compared the segments’ geodesic distances. We found that segments 4 (VP4) and 9 (VP7) occupied significantly different tree spaces from each other …