Microbiology Commons^™

Effect Of Radiation And Corynebacterium Parvum On The In Vivo Elimination Of Friend Virus-Induced Leukemia In C57bl/6 Mice, Betty A. Wu

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Administration of Corynebacterium parvum in combination with localized irradiation has been shown to be more efficient than radiation treatment alone in prolonging the survival time of methylethrane induced tumor in C3H mice. Fractionated low dose total body irradiation has been demonstrated to be a promising therapy for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combined treatment of total body irradiation and C. parvum on Friend virus induced leukemia in C57BL/6 mice. ^₁₂₅I-labeled FBL-3 cells were injected intraperitoneally into mice. Intraperitoneal injection of C. parvum and and single dose total …

Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Of Jensen Tumor In Sprague-Dawley Rats, Theodore D. Masek

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

An in vitro system for the study of the cell-mediated immune response to Jensen Sarcoma (JS) is described. The tumor grew unrestricted and lead to the demise of 80% of successfully challenged Sprague-Dawley rats (persistors) while 20% of challenged rats (regressors) destroyed the tumor by an unknown mechanism(s). Lymphocytes from both persistors and regressors were shown to be cytotoxic for tumor cells in vitro. Pretreatment of tumor target cells with "immune" serum from persistors or regressors had no effect on the in vitro cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from tumor-challenged rats. Pretreatment of lymphocytes with irmnune serum, however, was shown to reduce …

Concurrent Infection Of Trypanosoma Musculi Kendell, 1906, And Schistosoma Mansoni Sambon, 1907 In Mice, Berhane Andeberhan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The possible effects of ablastin on Schistosoma mansoni were investigated by (1) establishing a concurrent infection of Trypanosoma musculi and Schistosoma mansoni in mice, and (2) by obtaining Trypanosoma lewisi immune rat serum (ablastin) and injecting it into S. mansoni infected mice. These procedures were followed on days 4, 14 and 28 of S. mansoni infection. For the groups that were given immune rat serum, controls were kept into which normal rat serum was injected.

Ablastin does not have any effect on the development or morphology of the S. mansoni worms as tested in this study. Although ablastin inhibits glycolytic …

Comparison Of Two Techniques For Enumeration Of Human B And T Lymphocytes, William F. Forsythe Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The assay of Bursa-derived and Thymus-derived lymphocytes (B and T cells) in man has become increasingly useful during the past few years in normal and in clinical conditions. There has been quite a range reported in the literature in the percent of B and T cells in normal subjects by different investigators.

The purpose of this study was to see if monocyte contamination was one cause of non-specific rosette formation. Twenty-one subjects were used to compare the technique involving trypsin and neuraminidase treatment of erythrocytes and the technique of glass wool removal of monocytes. A peroxidase stain was used to …

B And T Lymphocytes In Human Pregnancy, Ted Fong

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The success of the fetus as a transplant has been attributed to an immune depression in the mother. It has not been shown whether this purported depression was due to fewer T-lymphocytes or a dysfunction of these cells. T cells were measured by the rosette technique using neuraminidase treated sheep red blood cells (SRBC). B cells were measured using a SRBC-hemolysin-guinea pig complement indicator system. The total leucocyte count in the pregnant group was significantly higher than the control group but this was not reflected in the absolute number of lymphocytes. Compared to non-pregnant women, the pregnant group did not …

Concurrent Infections Of Trypanosoma Equiperdum And Trichinella Spiralis In Mice, Pauline A. Nembhard

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In concurrent infections of Trichinella spiralis and Trypanosoma equiperdum, the survival times vary in the early stages of the Trichinella infection. On Days 1 and 4, the mean survival times are significantly increased, and on Days 3 and 7 they are markedly decreased. This decrease is probably due to intestinal tissue invasion. Mice infected with trypanosomes after the 7th day of the Trichinella infection have survival time increases to a significant point and a steady leveling off to Day 21. It is suggested that the antibodies produced against the Trichinella worms slow down multiplication of trypanosomes and increase the …

The Deoxythymidine Kinase-Deoxythymidylate Kinase Enzymes In Salmonella Potsdam And Escherichia Coli K12 Infected With Bacteriophage P3, James D. Kettering

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Metabolic alterations in bacterial hosts caused by virus infections have been studied for the last thirty years. The virulent T-even bacteriophages have been studied the most and have been shown to be responsible for the induction of a number of new, virus-specific enzymes that are necessary for successful phage growth. In addition, the activity of other host enzymes present prior to infection has been found to be increased by T-even infection. Temperate bacteriophages, being more difficult to work with than the virulent viruses, have not been studied as extensively. This is especially true for metabolic studies, since most temperate phage …

Role Of Membrane-Associated Components Of Mycoplasma Arthritidis On The Biosynthesis Of Humoral Antibodies And Arthritogenic Properties In Experimental Animals, Lois M. Bergquist

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The virulence of animal-passaged Mycoplasma arthritidis (158) was demonstrated to be enhanced in rats by growth in oleic acid-enriched broth. The virulence of a laboratory-maintained culture of the same strain was unaffected by similar growth conditions. No differences either in the immune response as measured by complement-fixing (CF) antibodies or in the histogenesis of the disease were detected when rats were injected with animal-passaged M. arthritidis grown either in the presence or in the absence of oleic acid. All tests for metabolism-inhibiting (MI) antibodies in the rat were negative.

A Mycoplasma-associated immunosuppression of the primary and of the secondary hemagglutinin …

The Effect Of Various Nutrients On The Sporulation Of Trichophyton Rubrum, P. Jerry Austin

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Trichophyton rubrum was grown on a chemically defined media in an effort to find a substance that would give the maximum production of macroconidia. Twenty-one amino acids were tested and about one half of them were active in stimulating macroconidial formation. Eight purines and pyrimidines were also tested but none of them gave more than scanty sporulation. The base media used was Czapek solution agar (modified): the saccharose was replaced with an equal amount of glucose. The various nutrients were tested at two concentrations, 1.25 mg/ml and 0.25 mg/ml. Yeast extract and peptone were also included in the study since …

The Germfree Culture Of Three Species Of Triatominae: Triatoma Protracta (Uhler), Triatoma Rubida (Uhler), And Rhodnius Prolixus Stål, Stephen A. Nyirady

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Triatoma protracta protracta, Triatoma riibida rubIda, and two strains of Rhodnius prolixus were successfully reared germfree into the fourth generation. Triatominae eggs were disinfected externally with iodine and the nymphs reared in vinyl plastic germfree modules. Germfree mice were used as the host. This is the first report of Triatominae having been reared in a germfree environment. These bugs were never exposed to bacteria internally or externally to the fourth generation.

Comparisons of conventional control bugs with replicate germfree groups in the first two generations revealed but slight differences in developmental periods. The mean adult longevity of all …

Bacteriuria As A Precursor Of Intracatheter Encrustation, Namcy Moll

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The problem with which this study was concerned was the development of criteria that could be used to determine when urinary catheter changes were necessary. By determining when encrustation occurred, it was felt that some complications could be eliminated by changing catheters before obstruction occurred due to encrustation.

It was the purpose of this study to: 1) explore some indications for catheter change, 2) determine if encrustation of urinary catheters necessitates catheter change, and 3) estimate potential criteria for a routine time for catheter changes.

Forty-five catheters were examined after their removal from patients. Flow rates were determined on 33 …

The Effect Of Elevated Glucose On Neutrophilic Phagocytosis In Genetically Diabetic Mice, Larry B. Thompson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Infiltration to an injury site or area of bacterial contamination by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (or neutrophils) is an early and essential phase of the early inflammatory reaction. Their action on foreign matter is the most critical step taken by body defense mechanisms in the first 24 hours. Anything which interferes with that action, phagocytosis, greatly hampers early inflammation. This study was designed to see the effect of elevated glucose levels on neutrophil phagocytosis in a unique strain of genetically diabetic mice.

Twenty-two diabetic and twenty-four control female mice were used. Blood glucose determinations and total white counts were made on each …

Histopathological Variations Of Periapical Granulomas And Radicular Cysts, Thanapen Kanchanasut

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The periapical dental granuloma and cyst is the most frequent sequela of pulpitis. These lesions are always intraosseous and often become quiescent after the acute phases are over, forming a space which primarily consists of chronic inflammatory tissue. This chronic inflammatory tissue usually appears as a one-centimeter area of punched out bone on the x-ray film and is referred to as a dental granuloma. Should epithelium choose to proliferate in this inflammatory area, it may undergo subsequent cystic degeneration forming the typical periapical cyst. While much has been written with regard to the etiology and treatment of the apical cyst …

Properties Of Salmonella Phage P3 After Subjection To Host-Controlled Modification By Passage Through E. Coli K-12, Benjamin J. Siapco

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Five new bacteriophages were isolated from lysogenic S. potsdam in this laboratory. Group B phages (P3 and P9a) were found to have unique properties, including their capability to infect strains of E. coli K-12 and E. coli C⁺/L. Passage of the phages through these hosts modified them (host-controlled modification) so that their ability to infect their original host, S. potsdam, was reduced and only 1-4 per million were able to form plaques.

To help elucidate the biochemical basis of host-controlled modification in the Salmonella potsdam group of bacteriophages, the clear plaque mutant of one of them, P3-c …

The Nature Of Salmonella Phage P3 Modification And Restriction By Growth In Escherichia Coli, Clark A. Pearson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The Salmonella potsdam group B bacteriophage P3, which grows in the rough variant strain of S. potsdam (SP2-R) and E. coli K_CS11, K_W117, and C⁺/L with similar efficiencies, was restricted by SP2-R after a passage though E. coli. The entrance of restricted E. coli-grown phage DNA into nonpermissive SP2-R cells was confirmed by the finding that after adsorption of restricted ³²P-labeled P3-C₁·C⁺/L to SP2-R and removal of the adsorbed phage heads from cells, 80.3% of the labeled DNA activity sedimented with the cells. Thus restricted P3 DNA …

The Effect Of Immune Igm And Igg On The Infectivity Of Trichinella Spiralis In Mice, Clare K. Kwan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

[Abstract Not Included]

Infectivity And Development Of Trichinella Spiralis In Germ-Free, Monocontaminated And Conventional Mice, Daulat Sitanggang

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of the experiment was to compare the development of Trichinella spiralis in germ-free, Lactobacillus casei monocontaminated, Escherichia coli monocontaminated and conventional mice. The criteria used in the experiments were the recovery of adults and larvae of T. spiralis after 72 hours and one month post-infection, respectively. which gave an indication of the effects of no bacteria or only a certain, single species of bacterium on the development of this nematode in mice.

Germ-free T. spiralis larvae were obtained by washing them several times with sterile normal saline, and treatment with antibiotics. The gavaging procedure was done without anesthetization …

Immune Blocking Of Fluorescent Antibody Staining Of Streptococcus Group A Compared With Anti-Streptolysin O, George K. Peck

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The fluorescent antibody blocking antibody (FABA) test has been discribed and compared with the conventional antistreptolysin 0 antibody (ASOA) test in the detection of Streptococcus pyogenes group A antibodies in sera samples.

A slide inhibition test was used to detect the presence of FABA in the following manner; (a) fix group A streptococcal cells to a slide, (b) incubate these cells with the patient's serum for thirty minutes, (c) wash off serum with buffered saline and dry, (d) incubate these same cells with group A streptococcal fluorescent tagged antibody for thirty minutes, (e) wash and dry as before, and (f) …

The Effectiveness Of Camphorated Paramonochlorophenol, Metacresyl Acetate, And Prednisolone In Combination As An Antimicrobial Agent, Maurice Cutler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Post-treatment discomfort following endodontic procedures can be caused by inflammation due to injudicious use of intracanal medicaments. Camphorated paramonochlorophenol, metacresyl acetate, and prednisolone in combination is advocated to reduce the inflammatory potential of the germicide and thus reduce the occurrence of post-operative pain. It is imperative that a medicament retain antimicrobial activity while reducing inflammatory potential.

This investigation was undertaken toward determining on an in vitro quantitative bactericidal versus bacteriostatic basis by use of the broth dilution test tube method whether camphorated paramonochlorophenol, metacresyl acetate, and prednisolone in combination retains antimicrobial activity comparable to selected other commonly used nonspecific germicides. …

The Intestinal Flora Of Triatoma Protracta Protracta (Uhler) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Including New Bacterial Isolation Techniques, Stephen A. Nyirady

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A bacteriological procedure for the removal of the intestinal flora of Triatominae is described. Immersion of Triatoma protracta adults and fifth instar nymphs in 5% aqueous formaldehyde for three hours was sufficient to free the integument of these insects of viable bacteria without penetration into the alimentary tract.

Twenty-two adults and 17 fifth instar nymphs of Triatoma protracta protracta were collected from Neotoma lodges in southern California. Eleven of the 17 nymphs molted into adults in the laboratory. With the use of a 2% peracetic acid sterilized custom built plastic germ-free isolator the Triatoma were dissected and various sections of …

Biophysical And Biochemical Properties Of Salmonella Potsdam Bacteriophage P3/2, James D. Kettering

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Addition of KH₂P0₄ salts to Fraser’s Medium produced higher titers of Salmonella potsdam bacteriophage P3/2, but it failed to maintain stable titers under normal cold storage conditions. The addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) to the medium also produced high titers and helped to maintain phage viability indefinitely in storage. The presence of KH₂P0₄ with the EDTA did not increase the titers nor better the storage properties and was discontinued in favor of EDTA alone. This provided for the accumulation of the necessary amounts of P3/2 for DNA studies.

The phage P3/2 adapted well to purification …

Complementarity Between The Deoxyribonucleic Acid Of Bacteriophage P4/2 And That Of Its Naturally Lysogenic Host Salmonella Potsdam Strain 4, Londa Liseli Schmidt

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Complementarity studies were conducted between bacteriophage P4/2 DNA and the DNAs of its naturally lysogenic host Salmonella potsdam strain 4 (SP4) and its sensitive host Salmonella potsdam strain 2 (SP2). Calf thymus DNA was used as a control.

Nitrocellulose membranes were used to adsorb varying concentrations of unlabeled DNA, using P4/2 DNA, SP4 DNA, SP2 DNA, and calf thymus DNA. A constant amount of P³² -labeled P4/2 DNA was added to each membrane and the hybrids were allowed to form. After thorough rinsing to get rid of unbound labeled DNA, radioactivity of the samples was read in a liquid …

Some Phage Associated Properties In Salmonella Potsdam, Thomas B. Seifert

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The non-lysogenic strain and several lysogenic strains of S. potsdam were tested biochemically and antigenically to detect any possible phage related property.

Fermentation reactions and citrate utilization tests were identical for all strains.

Tubes agglutination tests showed the non-lysogenic and lysogenized strains of SP2-S to be similar, and different from the naturally lysogenic strains SP3, SP4, SP9, and SP10. Absorption tests confirmed the SP2-s strains, either non-lysogenic or lysogenized, to possess an additional antigen SP3 and SP4 did not possess. SP9 and SP10 may contain small amounts of this antigen. From variation may explain the antigenic difference between these strains. …

Some Aspects Of Carbohydrate Metabolism In The Cercariae Of Schistosoma Mansoni Sambon, 1907, A. Eugene Dunham Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cercariac of Schistosoma mansoni were studied for glycogen utilization, uptake of glucose from solution, lactic acid production, and respiration.

Using the anthrone method of determination of carbohydrate, the amount of glycogen used by a single cercaria in 4 hours is determined as 43.2 x 10^-4 μg ± 6.6 x 10^-4 μg.

Glucose was not observed to have been used from solution under the conditions of the experiment, even in the presence of trehalose. The determinations were made by the Glucostat method.

After deproteinization and desugarization, aliquots of supernatant from cercarial suspensions were analyzed for lactic acid using p-phenylphenol …

Development Of A Mating System In Salmonella Potsdam, Anthony J. Zuccarelli

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A mutant of Salmonella potsdam SP2 which had been grown in mixed culture with either of three F⁺ strains of Escherichia coli was unable to serve as a donor of chromosomal genes when mixed with another mutant of S. potsdam. Therefore, there was no evidence of F transfer in these crosses.

To promote the formation of conjugal pairs, the filter mating technique of Matney and Achenbach was used. With this method, no recombinants were detected when six different Hfr strains of E. coli were mated with various mutants of SP2. Hfr K1 of Salmonella typhimurium transmitted loci for the …

Tumor Production In The Hamster After Oral Inoculation Of Polyoma Virus, Douglas Jonathan Wear

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

One-half of the newborn hamsters orally inoculated with polyoma virus developed tumors within the interval of observation, whereas all of the newborn hamsters inoculated by the more conventional routes of virus inoculation (the subcutaneous and the intraperitoneal routes) eventually developed tumors. The death rate in the orally infected hamsters was less than that of either of the other two inoculated groups, and the age at occurrence of the first death in this group of hamsters was several days later than in the other two groups. In the course of tumor formation in the heart, lungs, liver, and kidney of the …

The Effect Of Glucose On Neutrophilic Phagocytosis, Donald F. Adams

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Samples of blood were obtained from thirty healthy young adult males (Loma Linda University School of Dentistry), and contaminated with bacteria. Varying concentrations of pure glucose were added to this mixture to observe the effect of the glucose on in vitro neutrophilic phagocytosis. As the glucose levels increased a statistically significant suppression was noted in the ability of the neutrophilic leukocytes to engulf Staphylococcus epidermidis.

It was not possible, however, to predict the degree of suppression for any particular level of glucose added nor is it possible to state that suppression will occur in any one individual.

Two methods of …

A Comparative Electrophoretic Study Of The Triatoma Rubida Complex (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), Robert R. Adams

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A taxonomic study of the Triatoma Rubida Complex was conducted at the subspecific and hybrid levels using cellulose acetate electrophoresis to differentiate proteins in the hemolymph.

The following studies were conducted and results obtained: Laboratory-induced bleeding over a 4-week period markedly lowers the total protein of the bugs studied. Patterns obtained from chicken-fed and rabbit-fed bugs, although similar, showed some noticeable differences. Pathological-appearing bugs demonstrated protein patterns that varied greatly from the patterns obtained of normal bugs. The protein patterns obtained from hemolymph of 4th and 5th instar nymphs were quite similar, except for distance of migration. The computer was …

Host And Prophage Modifications Of Ultraviolet Induction In Salmonella Potsdam, Bela B. Toth

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In induction experiments with naturally occurring and artificially lysogenic strains of S. potsdam, cells were irradiated in buffer, transferred to complete medium, and then assayed for free phage. Irradiation was followed by half hourly samples for free phage from the growing populations of irradiated cells. For an estimation of burst sizes, the irradiated cells were diluted out to a final concentration of 1 cell per ml and distributed to tubes in 0.5 ml quantities. All assays were done by the top-layer method with streptomycin incorporated in the top-layer and SP2-str^r as the bacterial indicator. The non-lysogenic strain S. …

Biochemical Properties Of Salmonella Potsdam Bacteriophage P4/2, Clyde L. Roggenkamp

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Over 90% recovery of phage P4/2 was realized with differential centrifugation concentration and purification, whereas only about 16% was recovered from the aqueous two-phase polymer - Genetron - ECTEOLA-cellulose column system. Purity of preparations was greatest with the density gradient centrifugation (A₂₆₀ = 2.66 and A₂₈₀ = 1.80 per 10¹² plaque-forming units). With the chemical system of concentration and purification followed by an ECTEOLA anion exchange run, the A₂₆₀ was 6.6 and the A₂₈₀ was 4.3.

Three tests were employed to determine the configuration of P4/2 DNA: (1) a formalin denaturation test, (2) a thermal …