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Articles 61 - 90 of 216
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
Influence Of Extreme Storm Events On West Florida Shelf Cdom Distributions, Robyn N. Conmy, Paula G. Coble, Jennifer P. Cannizzaro, Cynthia A. Heil
Influence Of Extreme Storm Events On West Florida Shelf Cdom Distributions, Robyn N. Conmy, Paula G. Coble, Jennifer P. Cannizzaro, Cynthia A. Heil
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) distribution and signatures provide vital information about the amount and composition of organic material in aquatic environments. This information is critical for deciphering the sources and biogeochemical pathways of organic carbon, and thus vital to the understanding of carbon cycling and budgets. Waters of the West Florida Shelf are heavily influenced by many river systems on Florida's Gulf Coast that, to the first order, control CDOM distributions on the shelf. Three storm events during 2004 and 2005 (Hurricane Charley, Hurricane Wilma, and a Winter Storm) profoundly altered the typical distribution of CDOM fluorescence and absorption …
Low-Frequency Exchange Of Mass Between Ocean Basins, Don P. Chambers, Josh K. Willis
Low-Frequency Exchange Of Mass Between Ocean Basins, Don P. Chambers, Josh K. Willis
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We examine the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data and output from an ocean model to quantify mass fluctuations for the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean basins from August 2002 until December 2008. The monthly spatial mean is removed to study interbasin mass exchange. We find a seasonal exchange of mass between the Atlantic and Pacific that is similar to one documented previously, although the amplitude observed by GRACE is about 20% lower than that simulated by an ocean model. There are also significant fluctuations with periods longer than 1 year. We find large interannual exchanges in 2005 and …
Detecting Marine Hazardous Substances And Organisms: Sensors For Pollutants, Toxins, And Pathogens, O. Zielinski, J. A. Busch, A. D. Cembella, Kendra L. Daly, J. Engelbrektsson, A. K. Hannides, H. Schmidt
Detecting Marine Hazardous Substances And Organisms: Sensors For Pollutants, Toxins, And Pathogens, O. Zielinski, J. A. Busch, A. D. Cembella, Kendra L. Daly, J. Engelbrektsson, A. K. Hannides, H. Schmidt
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Marine environments are influenced by a wide diversity of anthropogenic and natural substances and organisms that may have adverse effects on human health and ecosystems. Real-time measurements of pollutants, toxins, and pathogens across a range of spatial scales are required to adequately monitor these hazards, manage the consequences, and to understand the processes governing their magnitude and distribution. Significant technological advancements have been made in recent years for the detection and analysis of such marine hazards. In particular, sensors deployed on a variety of mobile and fixed-point observing platforms provide a valuable means to assess hazards. In this review, we …
Mean Dynamic Topography Of The Ocean Derived From Satellite And Drifting Buoy Data Using Three Different Techniques, Nikolai Maximenko, Peter Niiler, Marie-Helene Rio, Oleg Melnichenko, Luca Centurioni, Boris Galperin, Don. P. Chambers, Victor Zlotnicki
Mean Dynamic Topography Of The Ocean Derived From Satellite And Drifting Buoy Data Using Three Different Techniques, Nikolai Maximenko, Peter Niiler, Marie-Helene Rio, Oleg Melnichenko, Luca Centurioni, Boris Galperin, Don. P. Chambers, Victor Zlotnicki
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Presented here are three mean dynamic topography maps derived with different methodologies. The first method combines sea level observed by the high-accuracy satellite radar altimetry with the geoid model of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), which has recently measured the earth’s gravity with unprecedented spatial resolution and accuracy. The second one synthesizes near-surface velocities from a network of ocean drifters, hydrographic profiles, and ocean winds sorted according to the horizontal scales. In the third method, these global datasets are used in the context of the ocean surface momentum balance. The second and third methods are used to improve …
Evaluation Of Groundwater Storage Monitoring With The Grace Satellite: Case Study High Plains Aquifer, Central United States, Gil Strassberg, Bridget Scanlon, D. Chambers
Evaluation Of Groundwater Storage Monitoring With The Grace Satellite: Case Study High Plains Aquifer, Central United States, Gil Strassberg, Bridget Scanlon, D. Chambers
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Water scarcity is a critical issue in semiarid regions; however, regional groundwater monitoring is extremely limited. This study evaluates the ability of the GRACE satellites to monitor groundwater storage in the semiarid High Plains aquifer, United States (450,000 km2 area), which is subjected to intense irrigation. GRACE-derived terrestrial water storage (TWS) is highly correlated with the sum of soil moisture (SM) and groundwater storage (GWS) (R = 0.96 for in situ measured SM from 78 stations and R = 0.95 for simulated SM with the Noah land surface model with root-mean-square difference of 38 mm and 36 mm, …
Fish Effects On Ocean Current Observations In The Cariaco Basin, Jyotika I. Virmani, Robert H. Weisberg
Fish Effects On Ocean Current Observations In The Cariaco Basin, Jyotika I. Virmani, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Multiple years of moored current meter observations from the Cariaco Basin show low‐frequency variations along with near‐inertial waves and further imply the persistent diurnal movement of fish species known to populate the basin. In agreement with short‐term observations from 1979, the more recent observations with acoustic Doppler current profilers provide evidence of the multidecadal presence and behavior of these species. An unwanted corollary, however, is a bias in both the vertical and horizontal components of velocity due to the fish movements. Removal of this fish bias results in large data loss (approximately 72%); however, an interpolated, non‐biased data set is …
The Surface Circulation Of The Caribbean Sea And The Gulf Of Mexico As Inferred From Satellite Altimetry, Aida Alvera-Azcarate, Alexander Barth, Robert H. Weisberg
The Surface Circulation Of The Caribbean Sea And The Gulf Of Mexico As Inferred From Satellite Altimetry, Aida Alvera-Azcarate, Alexander Barth, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The surface circulation of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico is studied using 13 years of satellite altimetry data. Variability in the Caribbean Sea is evident over several time scales. At the annual scale, sea surface height (SSH) varies mainly by a seasonal steric effect. Interannually, a longer cycle affects the SSH slope across the current and hence the intensity of the Caribbean Current. This cycle is found to be related to changes in the wind intensity, the wind stress curl, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. At shorter time scales, eddies and meanders are observed in the Caribbean Current, and …
Grace-Based Estimates Of Terrestrial Freshwater Discharge From Basin To Continental Scales, Tajdarul H. Syed, James S. Famiglietti, Don Chambers
Grace-Based Estimates Of Terrestrial Freshwater Discharge From Basin To Continental Scales, Tajdarul H. Syed, James S. Famiglietti, Don Chambers
Marine Science Faculty Publications
In this study, new estimates of monthly freshwater discharge from continents, drainage regions, and global land for the period of 2003–05 are presented. The method uses observed terrestrial water storage change estimates from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and reanalysis-based atmospheric moisture divergence and precipitable water tendency in a coupled land–atmosphere water mass balance. The estimates of freshwater discharge are analyzed within the context of global climate and compared with previously published estimates. Annual cycles of observed streamflow exhibit stronger correlations with the computed discharge compared to those with precipitation minus evapotranspiration (P − E) in …
Dynamically Constrained Ensemble Perturbations: Application To Tides On The West Florida Shelf, Alexander Barth, Aida Alvera-Azcarate, J. M. Beckers, Robert H. Weisberg, L. Vandenbulcke, F. Lenartz, M. Rixen
Dynamically Constrained Ensemble Perturbations: Application To Tides On The West Florida Shelf, Alexander Barth, Aida Alvera-Azcarate, J. M. Beckers, Robert H. Weisberg, L. Vandenbulcke, F. Lenartz, M. Rixen
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A method is presented to create an ensemble of perturbations that satisfies linear dynamical constraints. A cost function is formulated defining the probability of each perturbation. It is shown that the perturbations created with this approach take the land-sea mask into account in a similar way as variational analysis techniques. The impact of the land-sea mask is illustrated with an idealized configuration of a barrier island. Perturbations with a spatially variable correlation length can be also created by this approach. The method is applied to a realistic configuration of the West Florida Shelf to create perturbations of the M2 tidal …
Hurricane Storm Surge Simulations Comparing Three-Dimensional With Two-Dimensional Formulations Based On An Ivan-Like Storm Over The Tampa Bay, Florida Region, Robert H. Weisberg, Lianyuan Zheng
Hurricane Storm Surge Simulations Comparing Three-Dimensional With Two-Dimensional Formulations Based On An Ivan-Like Storm Over The Tampa Bay, Florida Region, Robert H. Weisberg, Lianyuan Zheng
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We provide a dynamics‐based comparison on the results from three‐dimensional and two‐dimensional simulations of hurricane storm surge. We begin with the question, What may have occurred in the Tampa Bay, Florida vicinity had Hurricane Ivan made landfall there instead of at the border between Alabama and Florida? This question is explored using a three‐dimensional, primitive equation, finite volume coastal ocean model. The results show that storm surges are potentially disastrous for the Tampa Bay area, especially for landfalls located to the north of the bay mouth. The worst case among the simulations considered is for landfall at Tarpon Springs, such …
Si Cycle In The Cariaco Basin, Venezuela: Seasonal Variability In Silicate Availability And The Si:C:N Composition Of Sinking Particles, Robert C. Thunell, Claudia Benitez-Nelson, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Laura Lorenzoni, Mary Scranton, Ramon Varela, Yrene Astor, Kent A. Fanning
Si Cycle In The Cariaco Basin, Venezuela: Seasonal Variability In Silicate Availability And The Si:C:N Composition Of Sinking Particles, Robert C. Thunell, Claudia Benitez-Nelson, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Laura Lorenzoni, Mary Scranton, Ramon Varela, Yrene Astor, Kent A. Fanning
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A 9‐year time series of water column and sediment trap measurements was used to examine silicon cycling within the anoxic Cariaco Basin. The dynamic hydrographic regime within Cariaco Basin results in strong seasonal changes in nutrient availability and the Si:C:N of sinking particles. Upwelling in early winter injects silicic acid (Si(OH)4= ) and nitrate (NO3−) rich waters into the photic zone which stimulates primary production and results in opal fluxes in excess of 4 mmol Si m−2 d−1. However, even during upwelling, surface waters tend to be depleted (<1 μM) in …
Analysis Of Large-Scale Ocean Bottom Pressure Variability In The North Pacific, Don P. Chambers, Josh K. Willis
Analysis Of Large-Scale Ocean Bottom Pressure Variability In The North Pacific, Don P. Chambers, Josh K. Willis
Marine Science Faculty Publications
[1] We use the leading empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of ocean bottom pressure (OBP) derived from an ocean model and the technique of EOF reconstruction to reduce noise in the large-scale OBP variations derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). The subsequent OBP variations from the model and GRACE are then examined in the North Pacific between January 2003 and May 2007. Although annual and semiannual variations are similar, GRACE observes large interannual fluctuations poleward of 30°, where OBP increases from a low of nearly 3 cm below normal in early 2003 to normal throughout 2004 and 2005, …
Grace Observes Small-Scale Mass Loss In Greenland, B. Wouters, D. Chambers, E.J. O. Schrama
Grace Observes Small-Scale Mass Loss In Greenland, B. Wouters, D. Chambers, E.J. O. Schrama
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Using satellite gravity data between February 2003 and January 2008, we examine changes in Greenland's mass distribution on a regional scale. During this period, Greenland lost mass at a mean rate of 179 ± 25 Gt/yr, equivalent to a global mean sea level change of 0.5 ± 0.1 mm/yr. Rates increase over time, suggesting an acceleration of the mass loss, driven by mass loss during summer. The largest mass losses occurred along the southeastern and northwestern coast in the summers of 2005 and 2007, when the ice sheet lost 279 Gt and 328 Gt of ice respectively within 2 months. …
Estimating Geocenter Variations From A Combination Of Grace And Ocean Model Output, Sean Swenson, D. Chambers, John Wahr
Estimating Geocenter Variations From A Combination Of Grace And Ocean Model Output, Sean Swenson, D. Chambers, John Wahr
Marine Science Faculty Publications
In this study, we estimate a time series of geocenter anomalies from a combination of data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission and the output from ocean models. A matrix equation is derived relating total geocenter variations to the GRACE coefficients of degrees two and higher and to the oceanic component of the degree one coefficients. We estimate the oceanic component from t wo state-of-the-art ocean models. Results are compared to independent estimates of geocenter derived from other satellite data, such as satellite laser ranging and GPS. Finally, we compute degree one coefficients that are consistent …
Assimilation Of High-Frequency Radar Currents In A Nested Model Of The West Florida Shelf, Alexander Barth, Aida Alvera-Azcarate, Robert H. Weisberg
Assimilation Of High-Frequency Radar Currents In A Nested Model Of The West Florida Shelf, Alexander Barth, Aida Alvera-Azcarate, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
High‐frequency radar currents are assimilated in a West Florida Shelf (WFS) model based on the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), which is nested in the Atlantic Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) for the purpose of including both local and deep‐ocean forcing, particularly the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current. Tides are not included in this model. An ensemble simulation of the WFS model is carried out under different wind‐forcings in order to estimate the error covariance of the model state vector and the covariance between ocean currents and winds. Radial currents measured by high‐frequency radar antennas near Saint Petersburg and Venice, …
Assessing The Globally Averaged Sea Level Budget On Seasonal To Interannual Timescales, Josh K. Willis, D. Chambers, R Steven Nerem
Assessing The Globally Averaged Sea Level Budget On Seasonal To Interannual Timescales, Josh K. Willis, D. Chambers, R Steven Nerem
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Analysis of ocean temperature and salinity data from profiling floats along with satellite measurements of sea surface height and the time variable gravity field are used to investigate the causes of global mean sea level rise between mid-2003 and mid-2007. The observed interannual and seasonal fluctuations in sea level can be explained as the sum of a mass component and a steric (or density related) component to within the error bounds of each observing system. During most of 2005, seasonally adjusted sea level was approximately 5 mm higher than in 2004 owing primarily to a sudden increase in ocean mass …
A Nested Model Study Of The Loop Current Generated Variability And Its Impact On The West Florida Shelf, Alexander Barth, Aida Alvera-Azcarate, Robert H. Weisberg
A Nested Model Study Of The Loop Current Generated Variability And Its Impact On The West Florida Shelf, Alexander Barth, Aida Alvera-Azcarate, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A West Florida Shelf model based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is nested in the North Atlantic Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (NAT HYCOM). The focus of this work is the study of the impact of the Loop Current on the West Florida Shelf. In order to assess the model's accuracy, it is compared quantitatively to in situ temperature and velocity measurements on the shelf. A series of sensitivity experiments are conducted to determine the appropriate wind forcing, sea surface temperature relaxation, and mixing scheme. by the inclusion of the Loop Current, we are able to study the propagation …
An Optical Model For Heat And Salt Budget Estimation For Shallow Seas, Hari Warrior, Kendall L. Carder
An Optical Model For Heat And Salt Budget Estimation For Shallow Seas, Hari Warrior, Kendall L. Carder
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The effects of the underwater light field on heat-budget calculations for shallow waters are developed and applied for the region of Bahamas. Most of the general circulation models use a simplified heat budget scheme based on Jerlov water types, and do not account for optical bottom effects. by optical bottom effect, we mean the bottom absorption and reflection of the short-wave radiation, which in turn affects the thermal stratification and heat exchange with the atmosphere. In this paper, this optical bottom effect is added to a 3D turbulence model (a 1D model called GOTM is coupled to a 3D model …
A High Resolution Satellite-Only Grace-Based Mean Dynamic Topography Of The South Atlantic Ocean, Marcio L. Vianna, Viviane V. Menezes, D. Chambers
A High Resolution Satellite-Only Grace-Based Mean Dynamic Topography Of The South Atlantic Ocean, Marcio L. Vianna, Viviane V. Menezes, D. Chambers
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A new filtering method based on Singular Spectrum Analysis has been devised to extract high resolution (0.25° × 0.25° grid) satellite-only Mean Dynamic Ocean Topography(MDT) constructed by differencing of the GGM02 GRACE Gravity Model from the GSFCMSS00 Mean Sea Surface. This data-adaptive interpolation-type filter is adequate for the finite domain MDT processing since it minimizes smoothing and does not lose boundary points. It is applied to the computation of two new MDTs and MDT-derived mean geostrophic circulation maps of the South Atlantic region from 15°N to 50°S. Advantages of these new maps are clarified when contrasted with the Rio-2005, Chambers-Zlotnicki-2004 …
Reconstructing Twentieth-Century Sea Surface Temperature Variability In The Southwest Pacific: A Replication Study Using Multiple Coral Sr/Ca Records From New Caledonia, Kristine L. Delong, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor
Reconstructing Twentieth-Century Sea Surface Temperature Variability In The Southwest Pacific: A Replication Study Using Multiple Coral Sr/Ca Records From New Caledonia, Kristine L. Delong, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Coral‐based climate reconstructions typically have not used multiple cores from a region to capture and replicate a climate signal largely because of concerns of coral conservation, analytical expense, and time constraints. Coral Sr/Ca reproducibility through the twentieth century was investigated using three intracolony and three intercolony coral records from the reefs offshore of Amédée Island, New Caledonia. Different sampling resolutions were examined in coral Sr/Ca (fortnightly and monthly) and δ18O (fortnightly, monthly, and seasonally) as well as similar scale subsampling of the daily in situ sea surface temperature (SST) record. The mean coral Sr/Ca, δ18O, and …
Upper Ocean Response Of The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System To Hurricane Mitch And Coastal Freshwater Inputs: A Study Using Sea-Viewing Wide Field-Of-View Sensor (Seawifs) Ocean Color Data And A Nested-Grid Ocean Circulation Model, Jinyu Sheng, Liang Wang, Serge Andrefouet, Chuanmin Hu, Bruce G. Hatcher, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Bjoern Kjerfve, William D. Heyman, Bo Yang
Upper Ocean Response Of The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System To Hurricane Mitch And Coastal Freshwater Inputs: A Study Using Sea-Viewing Wide Field-Of-View Sensor (Seawifs) Ocean Color Data And A Nested-Grid Ocean Circulation Model, Jinyu Sheng, Liang Wang, Serge Andrefouet, Chuanmin Hu, Bruce G. Hatcher, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Bjoern Kjerfve, William D. Heyman, Bo Yang
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The passage of category‐5 Hurricane Mitch through the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS) in October 1998 was an extreme event with the potential to create unusual patterns of reef connectivity. The impact of this hurricane on the upper ocean of the MBRS is investigated using a triply nested grid ocean circulation modeling system. The model results are validated with contemporaneous ocean color data from the Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite and oceanographic measurements in the MBRS. The nested grid system is forced by 6‐hourly National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) winds for the first 294 …
Ocean Currents And Sea Surface Heights Estimated Across The West Florida Shelf, Yonggang Liu, Robert H. Weisberg
Ocean Currents And Sea Surface Heights Estimated Across The West Florida Shelf, Yonggang Liu, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The across-shelf structures of the ocean circulation and the associated sea surface height (SSH) variability are examined on the west Florida shelf (WFS) for the 3-yr interval from September 1998 to December 2001. Five sets of characteristic circulation patterns are extracted from 2-day, low-pass-filtered data using the self-organizing map: extreme upwelling and downwelling structures with strong currents, asymmetric upwelling and downwelling structures with moderate currents, and a set of transitional structures with weak currents. The temporal variations of these structures are coherent with the local winds on synoptic weather time scales. On seasonal time scales they are related to both …
Particulate Organic Carbon Fluxes Along Upwelling-Dominated Continental Margins: Rates And Mechanisms, Robert C. Thunell, Claudia Benitez-Nelson, Ramon Varela, Yrene Astor, Frank E. Muller-Karger
Particulate Organic Carbon Fluxes Along Upwelling-Dominated Continental Margins: Rates And Mechanisms, Robert C. Thunell, Claudia Benitez-Nelson, Ramon Varela, Yrene Astor, Frank E. Muller-Karger
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Time series sediment trap samples were used to examine the rates and mechanisms of particulate organic carbon (POC) flux at three continental margin locations, Santa Barbara Basin, Cariaco Basin, and Guaymas Basin, marked by seasonal upwelling and high primary production. The mean POC flux in Santa Barbara Basin (0.096 g m−2 d−1) is nearly twice that of Cariaco Basin and 4 times higher than that in Guaymas Basin, with all three sites having POC fluxes significantly higher than the open ocean average (0.007 g m−2 d−1). In Cariaco Basin, the only site with available …
Euphotic Zone Depth: Its Derivation And Implication To Ocean-Color Remote Sensing, Zhongping Lee, Alan Weidemann, John Kindle, Robert Arnone, Kendall L. Carder, Curtiss Davis
Euphotic Zone Depth: Its Derivation And Implication To Ocean-Color Remote Sensing, Zhongping Lee, Alan Weidemann, John Kindle, Robert Arnone, Kendall L. Carder, Curtiss Davis
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Euphotic zone depth, z1%, reflects the depth where photosynthetic available radiation (PAR) is 1% of its surface value. The value of z1% is a measure of water clarity, which is an important parameter regarding ecosystems. Based on the Case‐1 water assumption, z1% can be estimated empirically from the remotely derived concentration of chlorophyll‐a ([Chl]), commonly retrieved by employing band ratios of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs). Recently, a model based on water's inherent optical properties (IOPs) has been developed to describe the vertical attenuation of visible solar radiation. Since IOPs can be near‐analytically calculated …
Multivariate Reconstruction Of Missing Data In Sea Surface Temperature, Chlorophyll, And Wind Satellite Fields, Aida Alvera-Azcarate, Alexander Barth, J. M. Beckers, Robert H. Weisberg
Multivariate Reconstruction Of Missing Data In Sea Surface Temperature, Chlorophyll, And Wind Satellite Fields, Aida Alvera-Azcarate, Alexander Barth, J. M. Beckers, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
An empirical orthogonal function–based technique called Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions (DINEOF) is used in a multivariate approach to reconstruct missing data. Sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll a concentration, and QuikSCAT winds are used to assess the benefit of a multivariate reconstruction. In particular, the combination of SST plus chlorophyll, SST plus lagged SST plus chlorophyll, and SST plus lagged winds have been studied. To assess the quality of the reconstructions, the reconstructed SST and winds have been compared to in situ data. The combination of SST plus chlorophyll, as well as SST plus lagged SST plus chlorophyll, significantly improves …
Satellite-Derived Surface Current Divergence In Relation To Tropical Atlantic Sst And Wind, Robert W. Helber, Robert H. Weisberg, Fabrice Bonjean, Eric S. Johnson, Gary S. Lagerloef
Satellite-Derived Surface Current Divergence In Relation To Tropical Atlantic Sst And Wind, Robert W. Helber, Robert H. Weisberg, Fabrice Bonjean, Eric S. Johnson, Gary S. Lagerloef
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The relationships between tropical Atlantic Ocean surface currents and horizontal (mass) divergence, sea surface temperature (SST), and winds on monthly-to-annual time scales are described for the time period from 1993 through 2003. Surface horizontal mass divergence (upwelling) is calculated using surface currents estimated from satellite sea surface height, surface vector wind, and SST data with a quasi-linear, steady-state model. Geostrophic and Ekman dynamical contributions are considered. The satellite-derived surface currents match climatological drifter and ship-drift currents well, and divergence patterns are consistent with the annual north–south movement of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and equatorial cold tongue evolution. While the …
Effects Of Ice Melting On Grace Observations Of Ocean Mass Trends, Don P. Chambers, Mark E. Tamisiea, R Steven Nerem, John C. Ries
Effects Of Ice Melting On Grace Observations Of Ocean Mass Trends, Don P. Chambers, Mark E. Tamisiea, R Steven Nerem, John C. Ries
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) was designed to measure variations in the Earth's gravity field from space at monthly intervals. Researchers have used these data to measure changes in water mass over various regions, including the global oceans and continental ice sheets covering Greenland and Antarctica. However, GRACE data must be smoothed in these analyses and the effects of geocenter motions are not included. In this study, we examine what effect each of these has in the computation of ocean mass trends using a simulation of ice melting on Greenland, Antarctica, and mountain glaciers. We find that the …
Progressive Dolomitization Of Florida Limestone Recorded By Alkaline Earth Element Concentrations In Saline, Geothermal, Submarine Springs, Johan Schijf, Robert H. Byrne
Progressive Dolomitization Of Florida Limestone Recorded By Alkaline Earth Element Concentrations In Saline, Geothermal, Submarine Springs, Johan Schijf, Robert H. Byrne
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Studies in the late 1970s revealed that the effluents of saline, geothermal, submarine springs on the West Florida Shelf have compositions nearly identical to seawater, except for distinct Ca enrichments and Mg depletions, probably resulting from dolomitization. During annual visits between 1996 and 2003 we collected high‐purity effluents from four submarine springs and from Warm Mineral Springs (WMS), which is located on land. Filtered effluents were analyzed for major ions and for Sr and Ba. These analyses confirm the seawater‐like composition of the effluents as well as the Ca enrichment and Mg depletion. The alkaline earth elements Sr and Ba, …
Coral-Based Climate Variability In The Western Pacific Warm Pool Since 1867, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Thomas J. Crowley
Coral-Based Climate Variability In The Western Pacific Warm Pool Since 1867, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Thomas J. Crowley
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We have generated monthly resolved, stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) and Sr/Ca time series from a massive Porites coral from Rabaul (4°S, 152°E): a site located in the warmest sector of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP). The coral δ18O and Sr/Ca time series are well correlated to each other and positive excursions in both records coincide with times of ENSO warm phase events. These time series contain abundant interannual variability that exhibits the well‐recognized pattern of low amplitude ENSO variation between ∼1920–1960 and high amplitude ENSO variation between 1880–1920 and 1960–1997. The …
Red Tides In The Gulf Of Mexico: Where, When, And Why?, John J. Walsh, J. K. Jolliff, B. P. Darrow, J. M. Lenes, S. P. Milroy, A. Remsen, D. A. Dieterle, Kendall L. Carder, F. R. Chen, Gabriel A. Vargo, Robert H. Weisberg, Kent A. Fanning, Eugene Shinn, K. A. Steidinger, Cynthia A. Heil, C. R. Tomas, J. S. Prospero, T. N. Lee, G. J. Kirkpatrick, T. E. Whitledge, D. A. Stockwell, T. A. Villareal, A. E. Jochens, P. S. Bontempi, Frank E. Muller-Karger
Red Tides In The Gulf Of Mexico: Where, When, And Why?, John J. Walsh, J. K. Jolliff, B. P. Darrow, J. M. Lenes, S. P. Milroy, A. Remsen, D. A. Dieterle, Kendall L. Carder, F. R. Chen, Gabriel A. Vargo, Robert H. Weisberg, Kent A. Fanning, Eugene Shinn, K. A. Steidinger, Cynthia A. Heil, C. R. Tomas, J. S. Prospero, T. N. Lee, G. J. Kirkpatrick, T. E. Whitledge, D. A. Stockwell, T. A. Villareal, A. E. Jochens, P. S. Bontempi, Frank E. Muller-Karger
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Independent data from the Gulf of Mexico are used to develop and test the hypothesis that the same sequence of physical and ecological events each year allows the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis to become dominant. A phosphorus‐rich nutrient supply initiates phytoplankton succession, once deposition events of Saharan iron‐rich dust allow Trichodesmium blooms to utilize ubiquitous dissolved nitrogen gas within otherwise nitrogen‐poor sea water. They and the co‐occurring K. brevis are positioned within the bottom Ekman layers, as a consequence of their similar diel vertical migration patterns on the middle shelf. Upon onshore upwelling of these near‐bottom seed populations to CDOM‐rich …