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Articles 331 - 360 of 387

Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology

The Zonal Momentum Balance Of The Equatorial Undercurrent In The Central Pacific, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg Jun 1997

The Zonal Momentum Balance Of The Equatorial Undercurrent In The Central Pacific, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Current velocity data from an array of subsurface moorings deployed during the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment from May 1990 to June 1991 are used to diagnose the upper-ocean zonal momentum balance at 08, 1408W. The flow field and associated zonal momentum flux divergence are fully three-dimensional over the upper 250 m, consistent with the earliest descriptions and theoretical ideas of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). Estimates of the vertical stress divergence show dynamical flow regimes that change between the surface and the base of the EUC, being essentially linear (modified by nonlinearity) near the surface, weakly nonlinear at the EUC core, …

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Analysis Of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Gene Expression In Natural Phytoplankton Communities By Group-Specific Gene Probing, S. L. Pichard, L. Campbell, Kendall L. Carder, J. B. Kang, J. Patch, F. Robert Tabita, John H. Paul Apr 1997

Analysis Of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Gene Expression In Natural Phytoplankton Communities By Group-Specific Gene Probing, S. L. Pichard, L. Campbell, Kendall L. Carder, J. B. Kang, J. Patch, F. Robert Tabita, John H. Paul

Marine Science Faculty Publications

To understand the composition and photosynthetic carbon fixing activities of natural phytoplankton communities, we employed group-specific ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) large subunit gene probes (rbcL) to examine RubisCO gene expression. The rbcL genes from Synechococcus PCC6301 (cyano) and from Cylindrotheca sp. (chrome) were used as probes at select stations to examine levels of rbcL mRNA in specific size fractions (>5 mu m, 1-5 mu m, m) in surface waters of the mouth of Tampa Bay (estuarine), West Florida Shelf (coastal), and from the offshore Gulf of Mexico. Using DNA purified from algal isolates, we demonstrated that the cyano probe …

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Basin-Wide Zonal Wind Stress And Ocean Thermal Variations In The Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Y. J. Yang, T. Y. Tang, Robert H. Weisberg Jan 1997

Basin-Wide Zonal Wind Stress And Ocean Thermal Variations In The Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Y. J. Yang, T. Y. Tang, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Wind data, obtained from the model results of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), for the equatorial Pacific Ocean from 1985 to 1992, were employed to study the basin-wide distributions for various constituents of zonal wind stress. Forcing the ocean by the individual constituent of zonal wind stress, the upper ocean thermal variation was investigated using a linear analytical ocean model. The interannual variation of zonal wind stress is largest in amplitude in the west-central part of the basin and is dominated by an eastwardly propagating wave. The upper layer thickness perturbation h shows an evolving eastward …

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Occurrence Of Lysogenic Bacteria In Marine Microbial Communities As Determined By Prophage Induction, Sunny C. Jiang, John H Paul Oct 1996

Occurrence Of Lysogenic Bacteria In Marine Microbial Communities As Determined By Prophage Induction, Sunny C. Jiang, John H Paul

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Viruses are abundant and dynamic members of the marine microbial community, and it is important to understand their role in the ecology of natural microbial populations. We have previously found lysogenic bacteria to be a significant proportion (43%) of the cultivable heterotrophic microbial population. As the majority of marine bacteria are not cultivable using standard plating methods, we measured the proportion of marine lysogenic bacteria in natural communities by prophage induction. Mitomycin C, UV radiation, sunlight, temperature and pressure were used to induce prophage in lysogenic bacteria from estuarine, coastal and oligotrophic offshore environments. To determine if hydrocarbon pollutants may …

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Evaluation Of Sampling Resolution In Coral Stable Isotope Records: A Case Study Using Records From New Caledonia And Tarawa, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Thomas J. Crowley, Suzanne M. Link Oct 1996

Evaluation Of Sampling Resolution In Coral Stable Isotope Records: A Case Study Using Records From New Caledonia And Tarawa, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Thomas J. Crowley, Suzanne M. Link

Marine Science Faculty Publications

We have generated a 40‐year‐long, monthly stable isotope record from a Porites lutea coral collected offshore of Amedee, New Caledonia (22°S, 167°E) to investigate the relation between sampling resolution in coral isotope studies and retrieval of sea‐surface environmental information. We interpret the high correlation between our oxygen isotope record and a twenty‐year long sea‐surface temperature record at the monthly timescale (r=0.88) to indicate that our coral isotope record is an accurate monitor of environmental conditions offshore of Amedee. The character of the signal and the percent variance explained in the record at the annual band, at the quasi‐biennial oscillation band …

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Nitrogen Fixation Within A Tropical Upwelling Ecosystem: Evidence For A Redfield Budget Of Carbon/Nitrogen Cycling By The Total Phytoplankton Community, John J. Walsh Sep 1996

Nitrogen Fixation Within A Tropical Upwelling Ecosystem: Evidence For A Redfield Budget Of Carbon/Nitrogen Cycling By The Total Phytoplankton Community, John J. Walsh

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Recent measurements and paradigms suggest that (1) the uptake of dissolved carbon and nitrate by phytoplankton may be greater than the Redfield ratio of 6.6 and (2) the oceans may be loosing nitrogen from an imbalance in the global rates of nitrogen fixation and denitrification. An analysis of concurrent ΔDIC/ΔNO3 depletion ratios within the Venezuelan and Peruvian upwelling ecosystems, indeed, suggests that values of 10.1–28.6 may pertain to these tropical eutrophic habitats. Nitrogen fixation may provide a Redfield balance in at least the former system, with 34–77% of the new production attributed to assimilation of N2. Independent …

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Regulation Of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Gene Expression In Natural Phytoplankton Communities .1. Diel Rhythms, S. L. Pichard, L. Campbell, J. B. Kang, F. Robert Tabita, John H Paul Aug 1996

Regulation Of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Gene Expression In Natural Phytoplankton Communities .1. Diel Rhythms, S. L. Pichard, L. Campbell, J. B. Kang, F. Robert Tabita, John H Paul

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Marine phytoplankton fix carbon dioxide primarily through the action of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO), the first enzyme in the Calvin Cycle. Although the regulation of this enzyme has been studied in algal cultures and higher plants, little is known regarding RubisCO regulation in natural phytoplankton populations. To determine if natural communities of phytoplankton utilize transcriptional regulation to control RubisCO expression, we investigated the diel relationship between 14C carbon fixation and RubisCO large subunit (rbcL) transcript levels, rbcL DNA, chlorophyll a, autofluorescent cell counts and bacterial direct counts for natural communities of the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. Studies …

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High-Resolution (104) Years Deep-Sea Foraminiferal Stable Isotope Records Of The Eocene-Oligocene Climate Transition, James C. Zachos, Terrence M. Quinn, Karen A. Salamy Jun 1996

High-Resolution (104) Years Deep-Sea Foraminiferal Stable Isotope Records Of The Eocene-Oligocene Climate Transition, James C. Zachos, Terrence M. Quinn, Karen A. Salamy

Marine Science Faculty Publications

We have constructed high‐resolution (104– 105 years) benthic foraminiferal δ13C and δ18O records for the upper Eocene through lower Oligocene of two pelagic sequences, Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 522 in the Angola Basin, South Atlantic Ocean, and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 744 in the southern Indian Ocean. These records provide improved constraints on both the timing and magnitude of marine oxygen and carbon isotope events from 30 to 35 Ma. The oxygen isotope records indicate that the ubiquitous δ18O increase (Oi‐1), which marks the rapid expansion of continental ice sheets and a minimum of 3° to 4°C …

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Upper Ocean Variability On The Equator In The Pacific At 170-Degrees-W, Robert H. Weisberg, Stanley P. Hayes Oct 1995

Upper Ocean Variability On The Equator In The Pacific At 170-Degrees-W, Robert H. Weisberg, Stanley P. Hayes

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The monitoring of upper ocean velocity, temperature, and surface winds at 0 degrees, 170 degrees W was initiated in May 1988 as part of the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere program. Located between regions of warm (cold) sea surface temperature in the western (eastern) equatorial Pacific, this west central region exhibits large interannual variations in surface wind stress associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Here we report on the first 3 years of data collected at 0 degrees, 170 degrees W, exclusive of an El Nino event. The west central Pacific is a region through which the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) accelerates downstream. …

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Chemical Fate Of Bunker C Fuel Oil In A Subtropical Marine Environment Following A Spill In Tampa Bay, Florida, Dana Lynn Wetzel Jul 1995

Chemical Fate Of Bunker C Fuel Oil In A Subtropical Marine Environment Following A Spill In Tampa Bay, Florida, Dana Lynn Wetzel

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

A hydrocarbon chemistry study was performed on sediments, oil masses and mangrove prop roots of a mangrove island in Boca Ciega Bay, Florida following a spill of Bunker C fuel oil in Tampa Bay. Normal alkane (n-alkane) and polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) profiles were monitored for effects of degradation and weathering in these mediums for a period of one year. Initial findings indicated a loss of lower molecular weight n-alkanes and PAH's in sediments and prop roots. There was little or no loss of these low molecular weight components in the oil mass samples. Hydrocarbon profiles at the end of …

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Analysis Of Ocean Color Components Within Stratified And Well-Mixed Waters Of The Western English Channel, Herschel T. Hochman, John J. Walsh, Kendall L. Carder, A. Sournia, Frank E. Muller-Karger Jun 1995

Analysis Of Ocean Color Components Within Stratified And Well-Mixed Waters Of The Western English Channel, Herschel T. Hochman, John J. Walsh, Kendall L. Carder, A. Sournia, Frank E. Muller-Karger

Marine Science Faculty Publications

In situ pigment and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) data from two distinct hydrographic regions of the western English Channel are used to explore the possible marine DOC contamination of the past satellite estimates of phytoplankton biomass. To compare with field measurements, the individual spectral contributions of DOC, pigments, and water to the total diffuse attenuation coefficient, Kpar, are summed on a quantum basis within stratified waters near Plymouth, England; and for the spectrally averaged diffuse attenuation coefficient, Kd, on an energy basis within tidally mixed waters near Roscofif, France. In addition, coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) …

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Seasonal-Scale To Decadal-Scale Climatic Variability In Southwest Florida During The Middle Pliocene: Inferences From A Coralline Stable-Isotope Record, Leanne M. Roulier, Terrence M. Quinn Jun 1995

Seasonal-Scale To Decadal-Scale Climatic Variability In Southwest Florida During The Middle Pliocene: Inferences From A Coralline Stable-Isotope Record, Leanne M. Roulier, Terrence M. Quinn

Marine Science Faculty Publications

We have generated a 49‐year‐long, high‐resolution, stable isotope record from a fossil coral, Solenastrea bournoni, to evaluate regional sea surface conditions during the middle Pliocene (3.0 ± 0.5 Ma) in southwest Florida. Continuous routing of the coral slab at an interval of 0.76 mm produced ∼5 to 6 samples per year. The annual cycle is well defined in δ18O and δ13C records confirming the average yearly growth rate estimated from density banding of 4 to 5 mm/yr. High‐density bands are synchronous with the highest δ18O and δ13C values for 79% and …

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Tropical Instability Wave Kinematics: Observations From The Tropical Instability Wave Experiment, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg May 1995

Tropical Instability Wave Kinematics: Observations From The Tropical Instability Wave Experiment, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The kinematics of planetary waves originating from instability of the nearsurface equatorial currents are reported on using velocity measurements from an array of acoustic Doppler current profilers deployed in the equatorial Pacific during the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment. A distinctive wave season was observed from August to December 1990, with wave energy confined primarily above the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent. Particle motions in the horizontal plane are described by eccentric ellipses oriented toward the north, but tilting into the cyclonic shear of the South Equatorial Current. The tilt is maximum near the surface just north of the equator and …

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Genetic Diversity Of Related Vibriophages Isolated From Marine Environments Around Florida And Hawaii, Usa, C. A. Kellogg, J. B. Rose, S. C. Jaing, J. M. Thurmond, John H Paul Apr 1995

Genetic Diversity Of Related Vibriophages Isolated From Marine Environments Around Florida And Hawaii, Usa, C. A. Kellogg, J. B. Rose, S. C. Jaing, J. M. Thurmond, John H Paul

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Although viruses from the marine environment have been enumerated, isolated, and characterized, there is little information on the abundance or global distribution of specific phage types. To this end, we studied the abundance and distribution of phages which infect a marine bacterium isolated from Tampa Bay (Florida, USA), tentatively identified (Microbial ID, Inc., Newark, Delaware, USA) as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Using this host, we have isolated over 60 phages from the Gulf of Mexico, Tampa Bay, Florida Keys, and Oahu, Hawaii (USA). These isolates are all Myoviridae, with head sizes ranging from 50 +/- 0.0 to 65 +/- 4.2 nm …

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Calculated Quantum Yield Of Photosynthesis Of Phytoplankton In The Marine Light-Mixed Layers (59-Degrees-N, 21-Degrees-W), Kendall L. Carder, Z. P. Lee, J. Marra, R. G. Steward, M. J. Perry Apr 1995

Calculated Quantum Yield Of Photosynthesis Of Phytoplankton In The Marine Light-Mixed Layers (59-Degrees-N, 21-Degrees-W), Kendall L. Carder, Z. P. Lee, J. Marra, R. G. Steward, M. J. Perry

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The quantum yield ø of photosynthesis (mol C (mol photons)−1) was calculated at six depths for the waters of the Marine Light‐Mixed Layer (MLML) cruise of May 1991. As there were photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) but no spectral irradiance measurements for the primary production incubations, three ways are presented here for the calculation of the absorbed photons (AP) by phytoplankton for the purpose of calculating ø. The first is based on a simple, nonspectral model; the second is based on a nonlinear regression using measured PAR values with depth; and the third is derived through remote sensing measurements. …

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Accuracy Assessment Of The Large-Scale Dynamic Ocean Topography From Topex/Poseidon Altimetry, B. D. Tapley, D. P. Chambers, C. K. Shum, R. J. Eanes, J. C. Ries, R. H. Stewart Dec 1994

Accuracy Assessment Of The Large-Scale Dynamic Ocean Topography From Topex/Poseidon Altimetry, B. D. Tapley, D. P. Chambers, C. K. Shum, R. J. Eanes, J. C. Ries, R. H. Stewart

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The quality of TOPEX/POSEIDON determinations of the global scale dynamic ocean topography have been assessed by determining mean topography solutions for successive 10-day repeat cycles and by examining the temporal changes in the sea surface topography to identify known features. The assessment is based on the analysis of TOPEX altimeter data for cycles 1 through 36. Important errors in the tide model used to correct the altimeter data have been identified. The errors were reduced significantly by use of a new tide model derived with the TOPEX/POSEIDON measurements. Maps of the global 1-year mean topography, produced using four of the …

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Metabolism Of Antarctic Micronektonic Crustacea As A Function Of Depth Of Occurrence And Season, Joseph J. Torres, A. V. Aarset, J. Donnelly, Thomas L. Hopkins, T. M. Lancraft, D. G. Ainley Oct 1994

Metabolism Of Antarctic Micronektonic Crustacea As A Function Of Depth Of Occurrence And Season, Joseph J. Torres, A. V. Aarset, J. Donnelly, Thomas L. Hopkins, T. M. Lancraft, D. G. Ainley

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Oxygen comsumption rates were determined on 21 species of crustaceans typical of the Southern Ocean micronektonic crustacean assemblage during spring (November), fall (March), and winter (June-August). Specimens were collected in the Scotia-Weddell Sea region in the vicinity of 60-degrees-S, 40-degrees-W in the upper 1000 m of the water column. Respiration (y, mul O2mg-1 wet mass h-1) declined with depth of occurrence (x, m) according to the equation y = 0.125 x-0.172 +/- 0.052 (p < 0.05) despite the isothermal character of the water column, suggesting that lower metabolic rates are a temperature-independent adaptation to life in the deep sea. Three species of Crustacea showed a lowered metabolism during the winter season: the krill Euphausia superba and the 2 hyperiid amphipods Cyllopus lucasii and Vibilia stebbingi. Critical oxygen partial pressure (Pc) varied between 29 and 52 mm Hg, well below the lowest PO2 found in the water column. It is suggested that the long nights of the Antarctic winter decrease the effectiveness of visual predation in the epipelagic zone, allowing lowered metabolic rates to be a viable overwintering strategy for some species.

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Effect Of Decompression On Mesopelagic Gelatinous Zooplankton: A Comparison Of In-Situ And Shipboard Measurements Of Metabolism, T. G. Bailey, Joseph J. Torres, M. J. Youngbluth, G. P. Owen Oct 1994

Effect Of Decompression On Mesopelagic Gelatinous Zooplankton: A Comparison Of In-Situ And Shipboard Measurements Of Metabolism, T. G. Bailey, Joseph J. Torres, M. J. Youngbluth, G. P. Owen

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Weight- and carbon-specific rates of respiration for 4 mesopelagic gelatinous zooplankton (2 ctenophores, 1 trachymedusa and 1 pelagic holothurian) measured in situ were 2 to 5 times higher than those from shipboard incubations. These results support the theory that removal of deep-living gelatinous species from natural environments can adversely affect their metabolism. The disparity between in situ and shipboard treatments is most simply explained by an interaction between pressure and activity, i.e. a loss of motor activity due to decompression occurred among animals used in shipboard experiments.

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Proximate Composition And Overwintering Strategies Of Antarctic Micronektonic Crustacea, Joseph J. Torres, J. Donnelly, Thomas L. Hopkins, T. M. Lancraft, A. V. Aarset, D. G. Ainley Oct 1994

Proximate Composition And Overwintering Strategies Of Antarctic Micronektonic Crustacea, Joseph J. Torres, J. Donnelly, Thomas L. Hopkins, T. M. Lancraft, A. V. Aarset, D. G. Ainley

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Proximate (protein, lipid, carbohydrate and chitin) and elemental (carbon and nitrogen) composition were determined for 18 species of Antarctic micronektonic Crustacea, representing the majority of species found in the Antarctic water column. Individuals used in the analyses were captured during fall and winter; for 8 species data were collected in both seasons. Seven of the 8 species showed some evidence that combustion of body stores were an aid to surviving the winter months; comparison with data from other investigators suggests that most of the species inhabiting shallow and mid-depths exhibit some degree of combustion of body stores during winter. Three …

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Equatorially Trapped Waves Of A Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere System, Chunzai Wang, Robert H. Weisberg Sep 1994

Equatorially Trapped Waves Of A Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere System, Chunzai Wang, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Equatorially trapped waves of a simplified coupled ocean-atmosphere system are described by applying the formalism for conventional equatorially trapped waves with the assumption that the zonal wind stress and sea surface temperature perturbations are proportional. In this system, inertial-gravity and Rossby-gravity waves are unaffected by coupling whereas Rossby and Kelvin waves are affected, and in the low-frequency limit, these Rossby and Kelvin waves transform to slow westward and eastward propagating wave modes, respectively. The primary modifications by air-sea coupling are a decrease in phase speed and an increase in meridional scale. The properties of these coupled waves are useful in …

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Structure And Trophic Ecology Of A Low Latitude Midwater Decapod And Mysid Assemblage, Thomas L. Hopkins, Mark E. Flock, John V. Gartner Jr, Joseph J. Torres Jun 1994

Structure And Trophic Ecology Of A Low Latitude Midwater Decapod And Mysid Assemblage, Thomas L. Hopkins, Mark E. Flock, John V. Gartner Jr, Joseph J. Torres

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The micronektonic crustacean assemblage in the eastern Gulf of Mexico is an extension of the low latitude Atlantic and Caribbean faunas. Species showed highly varying diel distribution patterns ranging from a strong vertical migration to the epipelagic zone to absence of any migration resulting in a permanent residence deep in the mesopelagic zone. As in other low latitude areas, decapod species with variegated pigment patterns centered above 650 m during the day, whereas 'all-red' species centered below this depth. Standing stocks were estimated at 0.18 g dry wt m-2 and 3 ind. m-2 in the upper 1000 m. Diet analysis …

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A Numerical Analysis Of Shipboard And Coastal Zone Color Scanner Time Series Of New Production Within Gulf Stream Cyclonic Eddies In The South Atlantic Bight, J. Raymond Pribble, John J. Walsh, Dwight A. Dieterle, Frank E. Muller-Karger Apr 1994

A Numerical Analysis Of Shipboard And Coastal Zone Color Scanner Time Series Of New Production Within Gulf Stream Cyclonic Eddies In The South Atlantic Bight, J. Raymond Pribble, John J. Walsh, Dwight A. Dieterle, Frank E. Muller-Karger

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Eddy-induced upwelling occurs along the western edge of the Gulf Stream between Cape Canaveral, Florida, and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB). Coastal zone color scanner images of 1-km resolution spanning the period April 13-21, 1979, were processed to examine these eddy features in relation to concurrent shipboard and current/temperature measurements at moored arrays. A quasi-one-dimensional (z), time-dependent biological model, using only nitrate as a nutrient source, has been combined with a three-dimensional physical model in an attempt to replicate the observed phytoplankton field at the northward edge of an eddy. The model is applicable only …

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The Effects Of Temporal Variability Of Mixed Layer Depth On Primary Productivity Around Bermuda, W. Paul Bissett, Mark B. Meyers, John J. Walsh, Frank E. Muller-Karger Apr 1994

The Effects Of Temporal Variability Of Mixed Layer Depth On Primary Productivity Around Bermuda, W. Paul Bissett, Mark B. Meyers, John J. Walsh, Frank E. Muller-Karger

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Temporal variations in primary production and surface chlorophyll concentrations, as measured by ship and satellite around Bermuda, were simulated with a numerical model. In the upper 450 m of the water column, population dynamics of a size‐fractionated phytoplankton community were forced by daily changes of wind, light, grazing stress, and nutrient availability. The temporal variations of production and chlorophyll were driven by changes in nutrient introduction to the euphotic zone due to both high‐ and low‐frequency changes of the mixed layer depth within 32°‐34°N, 62°‐64°W between 1979 and 1984. Results from the model derived from high‐frequency (case 1) changes in …

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Interpretation Of The Coastal Zone Color Scanner Signature Of The Orinoco River Plume, Herschel T. Hochman, Frank E. Muller-Karger, John J. Walsh Apr 1994

Interpretation Of The Coastal Zone Color Scanner Signature Of The Orinoco River Plume, Herschel T. Hochman, Frank E. Muller-Karger, John J. Walsh

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The Caribbean Sea is an area that traditionally has been considered oligotrophic, even though the Orinoco River contributes large quantities of fresh water, nutrients, and other dissolved materials to this region during the wet boreal (fall) season. Little is known about the impact of this seasonal river plume, which extends from Venezuela to Puerto Rico shortly after maximum discharge. Here we present results from a study of the bio-optical characteristics of the Orinoco River plume during the rainy season. The objective was to determine whether the coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) and the follow-on sea-viewing wide-field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite instrument …

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Seasonal And Diel Abundance Of Viruses And Occurrence Of Lysogeny/Bacteriocinogeny In The Marine Environment, Sunny C. Jiang, John H Paul Jan 1994

Seasonal And Diel Abundance Of Viruses And Occurrence Of Lysogeny/Bacteriocinogeny In The Marine Environment, Sunny C. Jiang, John H Paul

Marine Science Faculty Publications

To understand the role of viruses in the marine environment, it is important to know the factors affecting their temporal distribution and the abundance of lysogens. We therefore performed a seasonal and a diel study on viral distribution in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, and detected the abundance of lysogens and bacteriocinogens amongst marine bacterial isolates from diverse marine environments. We investigated the distribution of viruses, bacterial direct counts, chlorophyll a (chl a), salinity and temperature during a 13 mo period in the Tampa Bay estuary. The results indicated that the viral population had a strong seasonal pattern with the highest …

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Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Gene Expression In Subtropical Marine Phytoplankton Populations, Scott L. Pichard, Marc E. Frischer, John H Paul Nov 1993

Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Gene Expression In Subtropical Marine Phytoplankton Populations, Scott L. Pichard, Marc E. Frischer, John H Paul

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Oceanic phytoplankton are known to fix CO2 primarily through the action of the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase). The amino acid and nucleotide sequence of the large subunit of this enzyme have been conserved across the evolution of the chlorophytic plants (from cyanobacteria to higher plants via green algae) with approximately 80 and 70 % homology at the amino acid and nucleotide levels respectively. To understand the molecular regulation of this enzyme in phytoplankton, we have measured levels of the RuBPCase large subunit (rbcL) mRNA and DNA, in combination with rates of photosynthetic CO2 fixation, autofluorescent cell counts, and chlorophyll a …

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A Description Of Coads Surface Meteorological Fields And The Implied Sverdrup Transports For The Atlantic Ocean From 30°S To 60°N, Dennis A. Mayer, Robert H. Weisberg Oct 1993

A Description Of Coads Surface Meteorological Fields And The Implied Sverdrup Transports For The Atlantic Ocean From 30°S To 60°N, Dennis A. Mayer, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Using COADS data spanning 1947-1988, we describe the regional nature of the Atlantic Ocean wind-driven circulation between 30-degrees-S and 60-degrees-N and its annual and interannual variability. The Sverdrup streamfunction defines the circulation gyres. Our focus is on three central gyres: the Northern Hemisphere anticyclonic subtropical gyre, the cyclonic tropical gyre just north of the equator, and the clockwise equatorial gyre straddling the equator. This rendition of the Sverdrup streamfunction, computed with constant drag coefficient and air density, compares favorably with that from other climatologies. In the Straits of Florida, analyses suggest that differences between the annual cycle in Sverdrup transport …

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Viruses, Bacterioplankton, And Phytoplankton In The Southeastern Gulf Of Mexico: Distribution And Contribution To Oceanic Dna Pools, J. Boehme, M. E. Frischer, S. C. Jiang, C. A. Kellogg, S. Pichard, J. B. Rose, C. Steinway, John H. Paul Jul 1993

Viruses, Bacterioplankton, And Phytoplankton In The Southeastern Gulf Of Mexico: Distribution And Contribution To Oceanic Dna Pools, J. Boehme, M. E. Frischer, S. C. Jiang, C. A. Kellogg, S. Pichard, J. B. Rose, C. Steinway, John H. Paul

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Little is known concerning the factors which might control the distribution of viral abundance in oceanic environments and the relationship of viruses to the oceanic DNA pool. We have measured the distribution of viruses, bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in the subtropical southeastern Gulf of Mexico and related these parameters to the distribution of DNA (dissolved and particulate) in these waters. Viral direct counts were 4.6 to 27 x 10(6) ml-1 in Tampa Bay (Florida, USA), 3.8 to 8.5 x 10(5) ml-1 in all oceanic euphotic zone samples and 1.4 to 4.7 x 10(4) ml-1 in deep (200 to 2500 m) waters, …

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Seasonal-Variations In Equatorial Atlantic-Ocean Zonal Volume Transport At 28-Degrees-W, T. Y. Tang, Robert H. Weisberg Jun 1993

Seasonal-Variations In Equatorial Atlantic-Ocean Zonal Volume Transport At 28-Degrees-W, T. Y. Tang, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Zonal volume transport is examined over the upper 150 m of the water column at 28-degrees-W, using the Seasonal Response of the Equatorial Atlantic experiment moored current meter data at 0.75-degrees-S, 0.0-degrees, and 0.75-degrees-N and a time domain empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to improve spatial and temporal resolution. Gaussian distributions are fit to the mean volume transports per unit width and the fluctuations about these means that are found to be represented by a single EOF mode. The mean volume transport is distributed symmetrically both about the equator and about 75 m depth, with a meridional scale width of …

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15N/14N And 13C/12C In Weddell Sea Birds, Seals, And Fish: Implications For Diet And Trophic Structure, Greg H. Rau, David G. Ainley, John L. Bengston, Joseph J. Torres, Thomas L. Hopkins Jul 1992

15N/14N And 13C/12C In Weddell Sea Birds, Seals, And Fish: Implications For Diet And Trophic Structure, Greg H. Rau, David G. Ainley, John L. Bengston, Joseph J. Torres, Thomas L. Hopkins

Marine Science Faculty Publications

delta-C-13, delta-N-15, and C/N were measured for each of 247 muscle tissue samples from 12 bird, 4 seal, and 4 fish species collected in the Weddell Sea primarily during March 1986. delta-C-13 values ranged from -31.3 to -22.0 parts per thousand and, in the case of fish and seal samples, varied inversely with C/N. This implied that lipid concentration significantly influenced these vertebrate delta-C-13 measurements. No such relationship was found between C/N and delta-N-15, where the latter values ranged from +4.4 to +11.2 parts per thousand. with considerable overlap among many of the taxonomic groups measured. Notable exceptions to this …

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