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Articles 301 - 330 of 387

Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology

Plankton Community Composition, Production, And Respiration In Relation To Dissolved Inorganic Carbon On The West Florida Shelf, April 1996, Gary L. Hitchcock, Gabriel A. Vargo, Mary-Lynn L. Dickson Mar 2000

Plankton Community Composition, Production, And Respiration In Relation To Dissolved Inorganic Carbon On The West Florida Shelf, April 1996, Gary L. Hitchcock, Gabriel A. Vargo, Mary-Lynn L. Dickson

Marine Science Faculty Publications

In April 1996 the Florida Shelf Lagrangian Experiment examined dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) dynamics on the West Florida Shelf. DIC concentrations increased over 2 weeks at an average rate of 1 μmol kg−1 d−1 in a patch of the intentionally released tracers sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and helium 3 (3He). Approximately 20% of the increase was due to air‐sea exchange with the remaining 80% attributed to plankton respiration [Wanninkhof et al., 1997]. Here we present particulate matter concentrations, phytoplankton production, and community respiration rates from the tracer patch that suggest that heterotrophs dominated …

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Characteristics Of Wind-Generated Rings In The Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Cesar Fuentes-Yaco Jan 2000

Characteristics Of Wind-Generated Rings In The Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Cesar Fuentes-Yaco

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Eddies are generated in the eastern tropical Pacific (3 degrees S-23 degrees N, 75 degrees-105 degrees W) by winds blowing through Central American mountain passes from the Atlantic. We used Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) and advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite imagery complemented with monthly in situ sea surface temperature and wind series from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) to study these eddies and their effect on pigment concentrations in the region. Pigment values in the Gulf of Tehuantepec generally reach higher values in November-March before those in the Gulf of Papagayo. The eddies generated in the …

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Micro- And Macrodiversity In Rbcl Sequences In Ambient Phytoplankton Populations From The Southeastern Gulf Of Mexico, John H. Paul, Albin Alfreider, Boris Wawrik Jan 2000

Micro- And Macrodiversity In Rbcl Sequences In Ambient Phytoplankton Populations From The Southeastern Gulf Of Mexico, John H. Paul, Albin Alfreider, Boris Wawrik

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) large subunit genes (rbcL) were obtained by amplification and cloning of 554 or 614 bp sequences of indigenous phytoplankton populations at 2 stations in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. One station (Stn 4) was located in a low salinity, high chlorophyll plume (the ŒGreen River¹) which has previously been shown to contain elevated levels of Form IA rbcL mRNA while the other (Stn 7) was in oligotrophic, oceanic water. A diversity of rbcL sequences was obtained, spanning 3 of the 4 evolutionary clades of Form I RuBisCOs. Six nucleotide sequences obtained from Stn 4 were …

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Equatorial Upwelling In The Central Pacific Estimated From Moored Velocity Profilers, Robert H. Weisberg, Lin Qiao Jan 2000

Equatorial Upwelling In The Central Pacific Estimated From Moored Velocity Profilers, Robert H. Weisberg, Lin Qiao

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Horizontal divergence and vertical velocity (w) are estimated at 0°, 140°W using an array of five subsurface moored acoustic Doppler current profilers deployed from May 1990 to June 1991 during the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment. The record-length mean flow is divergent within the near-surface region and convergent within the thermocline, with maximum convergence located at the high speed core of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). This pattern of divergence results in upwelling at and above the EUC core (with maximum value of 2.3 × 10−5 m s−1 located at 60-m depth) and downwelling below the core. The relative slopes in the …

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Remote Sensing Observations Of Winter Phytoplankton Blooms Southwest Of The Luzon Strait In The South China Sea, Dan-Ling Tang, I-Hsun Ni, Dana R. Kester, Frank E. Muller-Karger Dec 1999

Remote Sensing Observations Of Winter Phytoplankton Blooms Southwest Of The Luzon Strait In The South China Sea, Dan-Ling Tang, I-Hsun Ni, Dana R. Kester, Frank E. Muller-Karger

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The Luzon Strait is a channel between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea. This area is traditionally classified as an oligotrophic zone with low primary productivity. Even so, high concentrations of pigment were detected 100 km southwest of the Strait through analysis of historical Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) data that the Nimbus-7 satellite collected during the winters of 1979 to 1986. These blooms were observed in December 1979, February 1983, February 1985, and January 1986, when sea surface temperatures measured with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAAs) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) were 23 to …

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West Florida Continental Shelf Response To Upwelling Favorable Wind Forcing 2. Dynamics, Zhenjiang Li, Robert H. Weisberg Oct 1999

West Florida Continental Shelf Response To Upwelling Favorable Wind Forcing 2. Dynamics, Zhenjiang Li, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Dynamics analyses are presented for the west Florida continental shelf response to upwelling favorable, alongshore or offshore winds using a three-dimensional, time-dependent, primitive equation model. These analyses complement the kinematics analyses of Li and Weisberg [1999]. Results are provided on four topics: (1) the response evolutions to quasi steady states, (2) the across-shelf distributions of the vertically integrated alongshore and across-shelf momentum balances, (3) the three-dimensional structures of the terms composing the momentum balance closures, and (4) the model sensitivity to vertical friction parameterization. The response evolution starts with a local wind-driven acceleration, and it transitions over the inner shelf …

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Tropical Pacific Near-Surface Currents Estimated From Altimeter, Wind, And Drifter Data, Gary S. E. Lagerloef, Gary T. Mitchum, Roger B. Lukas, Pearn P. Niiler Oct 1999

Tropical Pacific Near-Surface Currents Estimated From Altimeter, Wind, And Drifter Data, Gary S. E. Lagerloef, Gary T. Mitchum, Roger B. Lukas, Pearn P. Niiler

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Tropical surface currents are estimated from satellite-derived surface topography and wind stress using a physically based statistical model calibrated by 15 m drogue drifters. The model, assumes a surface layer dominated by steady geostrophic and Ekman dynamics. Geostrophy varies smoothly from a beta plane formulation at the equator to an f plane formulation in midlatitude, with the transition occurring at similar to 2 degrees-3 degrees latitude. The transition is treated with a Gaussian weight function having a meridional decay scale that is found to be approximately the Rossby radius (similar to 2.2 degrees latitude). The two-parameter Ekman model represents drifter …

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Validation Of Coral Temperature Calibrations, Thomas J. Crowley, Terrence M. Quinn, William T. Hyde Oct 1999

Validation Of Coral Temperature Calibrations, Thomas J. Crowley, Terrence M. Quinn, William T. Hyde

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Geochemical analyses of coral skeletons are increasingly used to estimate past sea surface temperatures (SSTs). In this paper we suggest that the standard method of calibrating geochemical time series against a (usually short) local time series requires modification. In order to draw large‐scale inferences about climate from coral proxy data it is also necessary to (1) calibrate against larger fields such as the local gridded data sets and (2) validate results against an independent data set (e.g., early 20th century). This approach has been applied in a pilot study to a coral record from New Caledonia. Despite a high δ18O …

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West Florida Shelf Response To Upwelling Favorable Wind Forcing: Kinematics, Zhenjiang Li, Robert H. Weisberg Jun 1999

West Florida Shelf Response To Upwelling Favorable Wind Forcing: Kinematics, Zhenjiang Li, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The barotropic responses of the west Florida continental shelf to idealized upwelling favorable alongshore and offshore wind stresses are studied using the three-dimensional, time-dependent, primitive equation Princeton Ocean Model (POM). When forced with uniform winds, the shelf circulation evolves quickly to a quasi steady state. A southeastward alongshore wind lowers sea level along the coast and drives a southeastward coastal jet with a relatively weak northwestward return flow farther offshore. A southwestward offshore wind lowers sea level along the west Florida coast and raises sea level along the Panhandle coast. Two independent circulation gyres are set up in association with …

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Simulation Of Carbon-Nitrogen Cycling During Spring Upwelling In The Cariaco Basin, John J. Walsh, Dwight A. Dieterle, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Richard Bohrer, W. Paul Bissett, Ramon J. Varela, Ruben Aparicio, Rafael Diaz, Robert Thunell, Gordon T. Taylor, Mary I. Scranton, Kent A. Fanning, Edward T. Peltzer Apr 1999

Simulation Of Carbon-Nitrogen Cycling During Spring Upwelling In The Cariaco Basin, John J. Walsh, Dwight A. Dieterle, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Richard Bohrer, W. Paul Bissett, Ramon J. Varela, Ruben Aparicio, Rafael Diaz, Robert Thunell, Gordon T. Taylor, Mary I. Scranton, Kent A. Fanning, Edward T. Peltzer

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Coupled biological-physical models of carbon-nitrogen cycling by phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria assess the impacts of nitrogen fixation and upwelled nitrate during new production within the shelf environs of the Cariaco Basin. During spring upwelling in response to a mean wind forcing of 8 m s(-1), the physical model matches remote-sensing and hydrographic estimates of surface temperature. Within the three-dimensional flow field, the steady solutions of the biological model of a simple food web of diatoms, adult calanoid copepods, and ammonifying/nitrifying bacteria approximate within similar to 9% the mean spring observations of settling fluxes caught by a sediment trap at similar …

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Particle Trajectories In An Indian Ocean Model And Sensitivity To Seasonal Forcing, Meredith A. Haines, Rana A. Fine, Mark E. Luther, Zaihua Ji Apr 1999

Particle Trajectories In An Indian Ocean Model And Sensitivity To Seasonal Forcing, Meredith A. Haines, Rana A. Fine, Mark E. Luther, Zaihua Ji

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Trajectory experiments in a thermocline layer of an Indian Ocean model are used to investigate the role of different meridional transport mechanisms and quantify spreading pathways and rates under different forcing. Particles are introduced along two boundaries: the south Indian Ocean at 30 degrees S and the Indonesian Throughflow. Particles are advected horizontally within the layer by archived model velocity fields (1/3 degrees X 1/3 degrees resolution) for a period of 50 years. The velocity fields are the result of forcing the model by monthly mean climatology (case A). The distribution of particles within the Tropics suggests efficient ater mass …

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Semianalytic Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer Algorithms For Chlorophyll A And Absorption With Bio-Optical Domains Based On Nitrate-Depletion Temperatures, Kendall L. Carder, F. R. Chen, Z. P. Lee, S. K. Hawes, D. Kamykowski Mar 1999

Semianalytic Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer Algorithms For Chlorophyll A And Absorption With Bio-Optical Domains Based On Nitrate-Depletion Temperatures, Kendall L. Carder, F. R. Chen, Z. P. Lee, S. K. Hawes, D. Kamykowski

Marine Science Faculty Publications

This paper describes algorithms for retrieval of chlorophyll a concentration and phytoplankton and gelbstoff absorption coefficients for the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) or sensors with similar spectral channels. The algorithms are based on a semianalytical, bio-optical model of remote sensing reflectance, Rrs([lambda]). The Rrs([lambda]) model has two free variables, the absorption coefficient due to phytoplankton at 675 nn, a[Phi](675), and the absorption coefficient due to gelbstoff at 400 nm, ag(400). The Rrs model has several parameters that are fixed or can be specified based on the region and season of the …

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Western Pacific Interannual Variability Associated With The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Chunzai Wang, Robert H. Weisberg, Jyotika I. Virmani Mar 1999

Western Pacific Interannual Variability Associated With The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Chunzai Wang, Robert H. Weisberg, Jyotika I. Virmani

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Observations of sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure (SLP), surface wind, and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) show that the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) displays western Pacific anomaly patterns in addition to eastern Pacific anomaly patterns. During the warm phase of ENSO, warm SST and low SLP anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific and low OLR anomalies in the equatorial central Pacific are accompanied by cold SST and high SLP anomalies in the off‐equatorial western Pacific and high OLR anomalies in the off‐equatorial far western Pacific. Also, while the zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial central Pacific are westerly, those …

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Response Of The West Florida Shelf Circulation To Climatological Wind Stress Forcing, Huijun Yang, Robert H. Weisberg Mar 1999

Response Of The West Florida Shelf Circulation To Climatological Wind Stress Forcing, Huijun Yang, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The response of the west Florida: continental shelf circulation to monthly mean climatological wind forcing is investigated by using the three-dimensional, primitive equation Princeton Ocean Model. Two basic seasonal patterns of circulation and sea surface elevation occur under a barotropic setting: A winter pattern from October to March and a summer pattern from April to September. An interesting finding in winter is an anticyclonic gyre over the northeastern (Florida Big Bend) region that merges with a northwestward flow from the south. The Big Bend Gyre is caused by a convergence of two separate flows: A nearshore along-shelf southeastward flow and …

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Orbitally-Tuned Sr Isotope Chemostratigraphy For The Late Middle To Late Miocene, E. E. Martin, N. J. Shackleton, J. C. Zachos, Benjamin P. Flower Feb 1999

Orbitally-Tuned Sr Isotope Chemostratigraphy For The Late Middle To Late Miocene, E. E. Martin, N. J. Shackleton, J. C. Zachos, Benjamin P. Flower

Marine Science Faculty Publications

We present a Sr chemostratigraphic reference section for the late middle to late Miocene (14-5 Ma) from Ocean Drilling Program site 926 on the Ceara Rise. This site combines a precise, orbitally tuned timescale with a high sedimentation rate (15 m/m.y.), continuous deposition, and excellent biostratigraphic control. The Sr isotope curve is based on measurements of cleaned, planktonic foraminifera at 100-200 kyr sample intervals and it illustrates periods of rapid change in Sr-87/Sr-86 alternating with periods of little change. Chemostratigraphically-defined ages for these intervals can be determined within +/-0.8 m.y. and +/-1.6 m.y, respectively. There is excellent correlation with the …

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An Empirical Algorithm For Light Absorption By Ocean Water Based On Color, Zhongping Lee, Kendall L. Carder, R. G. Steward, T. G. Peacock, C. O. Davis, J. S. Patch Nov 1998

An Empirical Algorithm For Light Absorption By Ocean Water Based On Color, Zhongping Lee, Kendall L. Carder, R. G. Steward, T. G. Peacock, C. O. Davis, J. S. Patch

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Empirical algorithms for the total absorption coefficient and absorption coefficient by pigments for surface waters at 440 nm were developed by applying a quadratic formula that combines two spectral ratios of remote-sensing reflectance. For total absorption coefficients ranging from 0.02 to 2.0 m(-1), a goodness of fit was achieved between the measured and modeled data with a root-mean-square difference between the measured and modeled values for log10 scale (RMSDlog10) of 0.062 (15.3% for linear scale, number of samples N = 63), while RMSDlog10 is 0.111 (29.1% for linear scale, N = 126) for pigment absorption (ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 …

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Detection Of The Fast Kelvin Wave Teleconnection Due To El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Steven D. Meyers, Arne Melsom, Gary T. Mitchum, James J. O'Brien Nov 1998

Detection Of The Fast Kelvin Wave Teleconnection Due To El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Steven D. Meyers, Arne Melsom, Gary T. Mitchum, James J. O'Brien

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Previous analyses of the ocean state along the western American coast have often indicated unexpectedly slow and limited propagation of coastally trapped Kelvin waves associated with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. In contrast, theoretical and numerical ocean models demonstrate that these Kelvin waves are a rapid and long‐range teleconnection between the low‐ and high‐latitude Pacific Ocean, strongly impacting both the surface coastal currents and nutrient upwelling. Sea level variations along the western coast of North America are reexamined under the assumption that tropically forced Kelvin waves are produced in bursts of several months duration. A cross‐correlation analysis, restricted to mid‐1982 to …

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The Influence Of Loop Current Perturbations On The Formation And Evolution Of Tortugas Eddies In The Southern Straits Of Florida, Paula S. Fratantoni, Thomas N. Lee, Guillermo P. Podesta, Frank E. Muller-Karger Oct 1998

The Influence Of Loop Current Perturbations On The Formation And Evolution Of Tortugas Eddies In The Southern Straits Of Florida, Paula S. Fratantoni, Thomas N. Lee, Guillermo P. Podesta, Frank E. Muller-Karger

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Large cyclonic eddies on the northern edge of the Florida Current are the dominant mesoscale features within the southern Straits of Florida. The most prominent of these features is a quasi-stationary eddy that forms near the Dry Tortugas. Our observations, compiled from 3 years of advanced very high resolution radiometer measurements in the Straits of Florida and Gulf of Mexico, demonstrate a strong relationship between the generation of anticyclonic rings from the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current and the evolution of Tortugas eddies within the southern Straits of Florida. In six cases, Tortugas eddies evolve from cyclonic frontal eddies which …

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Ocean Color Chlorophyll Algorithms For Seawifs, John E. O'Reilly, Stephane Maritorena, B. Greg Mitchell, David A. Siegel, Kendall L. Carder, Sara A. Garver, Mati Kahru, Charles Mcclain Oct 1998

Ocean Color Chlorophyll Algorithms For Seawifs, John E. O'Reilly, Stephane Maritorena, B. Greg Mitchell, David A. Siegel, Kendall L. Carder, Sara A. Garver, Mati Kahru, Charles Mcclain

Marine Science Faculty Publications

A large data set containing coincident in situ chlorophyll and remote sensing reflectance measurements was used to evaluate the accuracy, precision, and suitability of a wide variety of ocean color chlorophyll algorithms for use by SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor). The radiance-chlorophyll data were assembled from various sources during the SeaWiFS Bio-optical Algorithm Mini-Workshop (SeaBAM) and is composed of 919 stations encompassing chlorophyll concentrations between 0.019 and 32.79 mu g L-1. Most of the observations are from Case I nonpolar waters, and similar to 20 observations are from more turbid coastal waters. A variety of statistical and graphical criteria were …

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El Nino Southern Oscillation-Related Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling In The Western Equatorial Pacific, D. A. Mayer, Robert H. Weisberg Aug 1998

El Nino Southern Oscillation-Related Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling In The Western Equatorial Pacific, D. A. Mayer, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Using 43 years of Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data: Set and related data for the period 1950-1992, an examination is made into the regional dependence of ocean-atmosphere coupling in relation to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The cross correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies over the global tropics shows two patterns of significant negative correlation consistent with a local hydrostatic response of SLP to SST: (1) the eastern Pacific, where the correlation is symmetric about and largest on the equator, and (2) the western Pacific, where symmetric regions of-negative correlation are found off the equator, separated …

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A Multicentury Stable Isotope Record From A New Caledonia Coral: Interannual And Decadal Sea Surface Temperature Variability In The Southwest Pacific Since 1657 Ad, Terrence M. Quinn, Thomas J. Crowley, Frederick W. Taylor, Christian Henin, Pascale Joannot, Yvan Join Aug 1998

A Multicentury Stable Isotope Record From A New Caledonia Coral: Interannual And Decadal Sea Surface Temperature Variability In The Southwest Pacific Since 1657 Ad, Terrence M. Quinn, Thomas J. Crowley, Frederick W. Taylor, Christian Henin, Pascale Joannot, Yvan Join

Marine Science Faculty Publications

A 335 year stable isotope record from a New Caledonia coral (22°S, 166°E) helps fill a large gap in historical climate reconstructions. Although the long‐term coral δ18O‐based sea surface temperature (SST) trend is one of warming, there are notable decadal fluctuations, especially in the early 18th and early 19th centuries. Mean annual SSTs between 1658 and 1900 are estimated to be ∼0.3°C lower than the 20th century average, with interdecadal excursions of 0.5°–0.8°C. Time series analyses of the coral isotope record reveals significant concentrations of variance in the El Niño band; an inderdecadal spectral peak is present, but its robustness …

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The Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Observing System: A Decade Of Progress, Michael J. Mcphaden, Antonio J. Busalacchi, Robert Cheney, Jean-Rene Donguy, Kenneth S. Gage, David Halpern, Ming Ji, Paul Julian, Gary Meyers, Gary T. Mitchum, Joel Picaut, Richard W. Reynolds, Neville Smith, Kensuke Takeuchi, Pearn P. Piller Jun 1998

The Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Observing System: A Decade Of Progress, Michael J. Mcphaden, Antonio J. Busalacchi, Robert Cheney, Jean-Rene Donguy, Kenneth S. Gage, David Halpern, Ming Ji, Paul Julian, Gary Meyers, Gary T. Mitchum, Joel Picaut, Richard W. Reynolds, Neville Smith, Kensuke Takeuchi, Pearn P. Piller

Marine Science Faculty Publications

A major accomplishment of the recently completed Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Program was the development of an ocean observing system to support seasonal-to-interannual climate studies. This paper reviews the scientific motivations for the development of that observing system, the technological advances that made it possible, and the scientific advances that resulted from. the availability of a significantly expanded observational database. A primary phenomenological focus of TOGA was interannual variability of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system associated with El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Prior to the start of TOGA, our understanding of the physical processes responsible for the ENSO cycle …

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Upper Ocean Heat And Freshwater Advection In The Western Pacific Ocean, Michele Y. Morris, Dean H. Roemmich, Gary Meyers, Robert H. Weisberg Jun 1998

Upper Ocean Heat And Freshwater Advection In The Western Pacific Ocean, Michele Y. Morris, Dean H. Roemmich, Gary Meyers, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Mean net surface heating of the Pacific Ocean shows areas of high heat gain in the eastern tropics and heat loss in the western midlatitudes. For steady state conditions, westward and poleward transport of heat is implied. Mean geostrophic and Ekman fluxes of heat and freshwater through the sides of a western tropical Pacific box bounded by World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) high‐resolution expendable bathythermograph (XBT) transects are presented. Water mass properties of currents transporting heat and freshwater through the enclosed region are seen to be modified in transit. Net transport convergences within the volume of water extending to 800 …

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Midwater Fishes And Shrimps As Competitors And Resource Partitioning In Low Latitude Oligotrophic Ecosystems, Thomas L. Hopkins, Tracey T. Sutton Apr 1998

Midwater Fishes And Shrimps As Competitors And Resource Partitioning In Low Latitude Oligotrophic Ecosystems, Thomas L. Hopkins, Tracey T. Sutton

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Oligotrophic tropical-subtropical oceanic regimes constitute the largest and most ancient ecosystem on earth, with these enormous areas being characterized by high faunal diversity. The stability and age of the ecosystem have enabled the evolution of many similar species niches where there is considerable overlap in niche parameters such as food and space, resulting in high species packing, especially in the epi-and mesopelagic zones. Competition for limited resources undoubtedly exists and has been described by MacArthur (1972; Geographical ecology, Harper and Row, New York) as diffuse competition where each species is impacted by many other species sharing the environment. Most studies …

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Florida Red Tides From A Scientific And Public Information Perspective, Kristen M. Kusek Apr 1998

Florida Red Tides From A Scientific And Public Information Perspective, Kristen M. Kusek

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis consists of a comprehensive historical review and evaluation of Florida red tide research and a multifaceted analysis of red tide coverage by the St. Petersburg Times from 1953 to 1997. Red tides caused by Gymnodinium breve along the Florida Gulf coast are riddled with complexity; scientists have been asking many of the same questions for nearly 50 years. Red tides also attract considerable media publicity. This thesis addressed the following: 1. What have scientists learned about Florida red tides since G. breve was identified in 1948?, and 2. How well was the issue covered by the newspaper media? …

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Prophage Induction Of Indigenous Marine Lysogenic Bacteria By Environmental Pollutants, Pamela K. Cochran, Christine A. Kellogg, John H. Paul Apr 1998

Prophage Induction Of Indigenous Marine Lysogenic Bacteria By Environmental Pollutants, Pamela K. Cochran, Christine A. Kellogg, John H. Paul

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Lysogenic bacteria may be abundant components of bacterial assemblages in marine waters. The tremendous number of viruses found in estuarine and other eutrophic environments may be the result in part of induction of prophages. Mitomycin C is the inducing agent of choice for prophage induction; however this is not naturally found in the marine environment. We determined the capability of environmentally important pollutants to effect prophage induction in natural populations of marine bacteria. We investigated Aroclor 1248, a PCB mixture, bunker C fuel oil #6, and a pesticide mixture as inducing agents for natural bacterial communities from the Gulf of …

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Observations Of Meridional Scale Frequency Dependence In The Coupled Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere System, Chunzai Z. Wang, Robert H. Weisberg Feb 1998

Observations Of Meridional Scale Frequency Dependence In The Coupled Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere System, Chunzai Z. Wang, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

It is generally observed in models of the coupled tropical ocean‐atmosphere system that the meridional scales for oscillations at interannual periods are larger than an oceanic equatorial Rossby radius of deformation. Using 9 years of the high‐resolution optimum interpolation sea surface temperature (SST) product of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), analyses are made on the frequency dependence of the observed meridional scales, with emphasis on the latitudinal structures in the central Pacific at 140°W. On the relatively short intraseasonal and seasonal timescales the SST variations are found to occur over a meridional scale …

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Tropical Instability Wave Energetics: Observations From The Tropical Instability Wave Experiment, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg Feb 1998

Tropical Instability Wave Energetics: Observations From The Tropical Instability Wave Experiment, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Ocean velocity data from an array of subsurface moorings deployed from May 1990 to June 1991 during the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment are used to study the energetics of planetary waves in the vicinity of the equator at 140 degrees W. Such waves, observed from August to December 1990, were initiated by barotropic instability arising primarily from the cyclonic shear region of the South Equatorial Current and Equatorial Undercurrent just north of the equator. Subsequently, local barotropic production continued to maintain and modulate these tropical instability waves through a combination of cyclonic shear and meridional velocity component divergence just north …

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Large-Scale Estimation Of Transport From The Pacific To The Indian Ocean, James T. Potemra, Roger Lukas, Gary T. Mitchum Dec 1997

Large-Scale Estimation Of Transport From The Pacific To The Indian Ocean, James T. Potemra, Roger Lukas, Gary T. Mitchum

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The objective of this model-data intercomparison is to determine the feasibility of deriving an useful index for fluctuations in the Pacific to Indian Ocean throughflow volume transport. Due to insufficient direct observations and the present limitations in numerical models, accurate estimation of variations in the throughflow transport on seasonal to interannual timescales is not yet possible; however, an index based on weighted, monthly mean sea level anomalies in different regions of the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans is presented. Numerical model results and sea level from the TQPEX/POSEIDON altimeter show that the large-scale pressure gradient forcing of the throughflow …

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Evidence For A Volcanic Cooling Signal In A 335-Year Coral Record From New Caledonia, Thomas J. Crowley, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Christian Henin, Pascale Joannot Oct 1997

Evidence For A Volcanic Cooling Signal In A 335-Year Coral Record From New Caledonia, Thomas J. Crowley, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Christian Henin, Pascale Joannot

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Although volcanic cooling events have been detected in tree ring records, their occurrence in marine records has received much less attention, Herein we report results from a 335-year oxygen isotope record (1657-1992) from a New Caredonia coral indicating that as many as 16 interannual-scale cooling events occur within 1 year of a volcanic eruption as determined by ice core records, There are also pentadal/decadal-scale cooling events beginning in 1675, 1813, and 1903 that immediately postdate volcanic eruptions. However, the interannual correspondences are complicated by the fact that some of the cooling events also coincide with El Ninos, which cause cooling …

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