Marine Biology Commons^™

The Effects Of Temperature And Salinity On The Larval Development Of The Grass Shrimp, Palaemonetes Pugio Holthuis Reared In The Laboratory, William Ray Floyd Iii

OES Theses and Dissertations

Palaemonetes pugio larvae, obtained by induced breeding of adults collected in the late fall of 1975 from the Lafayette River, Norfolk, Virginia, were reared in the laboratory using a six temperature by seven salinity factorial design in order to determine the effects of these factors on larval development. Test conditions involved temperature levels ranging from 10°C to 32.5°C and salinity levels from 5°/oo to 35°/oo. At each temperature-salinity condition, 36 larvae were reared individually in 25 ml of artificial seawater containing 25 mg/kg of polyethylene oxide. Food consisted of Artemia nauplii at a concentration of 30/ml of culture water. From …

Temperature And Salinity Tolerance Of The Larvae Of The Sand Shrimp, Crangon Septemspinosa (Say), Karen Lyttle Hinsman

OES Theses and Dissertations

The effects of temperature and salinity on the larval development of the sand shrimp, Crangon septemspinosa, were investigated in the laboratory using 30 combinations of temperature and salinity in a five by six factorial experiment. The five temperatures were 5°c, 10°c, 15°c, 20°c, and 25°c and the six salinities were 10°/oo, 15°/oo, 20°/oo, 25°/oo, 30°/oo and 35°/oo. Thirty-six larvae were used for each temperature-salinity combination. Temperature and salinity produced significant differences (1% level) in survival and the duration of larval development. Highest survival occurred at 15°c and 20°/oo. At optimum temperatures (15°c to 20°c) larvae exhibited the broadest tolerance …

A Baseline Study On The Possible Mechanisms Of Larval Stomatopod Distribution On The Carolina Shelf, Carl Robert Berman Jr.

OES Theses and Dissertations

The South Carolina Marine Resources Institute provided the author with 198 station samples containing 2,193 stomatopod larvae. These larvae had been collected during ichthyoplankton Bongo tows on five separate cruises aboard the Institute's vessel R/V DOLPHIN (February, 1972 to January, 1975). The larvae were examined microscopically and divided into early, middle, and late stages according to known growth criteria. The larval distribution was plotted geographically, by seasons, and larval density (larvae/m3) was graphed against distance offshore. Using these data, together with the circulation characteristics on the Carolina Shelf, significant distributional data appeared which supported the hypothesis that the stomatopod population …

Effect Of Nitrite And Nitrate On The Larval Development Of The Grass Shrimp Palaemonetes Pugio Holthuis, Carl Bingham Hinesman

OES Theses and Dissertations

The effects of nitrite and nitrate on survival and larval development of the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio were investigated in the laboratory. Nitrite concentrations assayed were 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 10, 25 and 50 mg NO₂/1. Nitrate concentrations tested were 0 (control), 100, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg NO₃/1. Temperature and salinity conditions were 25 C and 25 ‰, respectively, and all tests occurred in the dark. Thirty-six larvae were reared in each assay, twelve from each of three adult females.

Nitrite levels of'5 and 50 mg NO₂/1 significantly reduced survival of larvae …

A Study Of The Zooplankton Composition At A Twenty-Four Hour Station In Waters North Of Cuba, Judith Lee Hensley

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

No abstract.

A Comparative Study Of A Salt Water Impoundment With Its Adjacent Tidal Creek Pertinent To Culture Of Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), William D. Anderson Iii

OES Theses and Dissertations

Certain physical, chemical and biological characteristics associated with the culture of subtidal Crassostrea virginica were assessed in a salt water impoundment and its adjacent tidal feeder creek. Large seed oysters (initial y = 57.3 mm) were transferred from a somewhat polluted estuary of Charleston Harbor to floating, mid-water, and bottom hardware cloth trays (200/tray) in a four hectare pond. Identical trays at comparable depths were placed in the tidal creek and each location was sampled monthly for growth and survival. Surface and bottom water samples were collected weekly throughout the study and hourly during four seasonal 25 hour stations. Standard …

An Intensive Study Of The Spring Phytoplankton Bloom In Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia, Donald Lynn Webster

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Phytoplankton samples were collected biweekly from two stations, one in each branch of Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia over the period January 24 to June 9, 1975. Water temperature, salinity, pH, oxygen, ammonia, urea, reactive nitrite, reactive nitrate, reactive phosphorus, productivity, transparency, and weather conditions were recorded concurrently. Data were manipulated employing analysis of variance, simple correlation, correlation matrices, and forward stepwise multiple regression. Total phytoplankton numbers exhibited a unimodal pattern. A pre-bloom pulse was recorded at both stations in late February. The spring bloom lasted from April through May. Phytoplankton growth was primarily a function of nutrient supply and temperature. Nutrient …

The Natural History Of The Naked Goby Gobiosoma Bosci (Perciformes: Gobiidae), Leonard L. Nero

OES Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of re ­ production, growth, age, abundance, habitat preference, feeding habit and behavior of the naked goby, Gobiosoma Bosci.

Monthly collections were made from January through December. 1974 in Deary Cove a apart of the Lynnhaven estuary, Virginia Beach, Virginia. All fish were measured and sexed in the field.

Most were returned to the population, the remainder. were removed for food habit analyses, determination of fecundity, degree of gonadal maturity and aging. Habitat­ preference and abundance were determined in the field.

Gobiosoma Bosci appears to be an annual …

Test Variation In The Sand Dollar, Mellita Quinquiesperforata (Leske), George Glynn Rountree

OES Theses and Dissertations

Mellita quinguiesperforata is a common member of the benthos along the eastern coast of North America. This study considers variation of the test within the species, specifically: 1) variation in test weight, 2) variation in the length-width relationship, and 3) the average number of pore pairs in the ambulacral petals.

A total of 844 sand dollars from three localities was utilized: 1) Pass-a-Grill Beach, St. Petersburg, Florida,2) Bird Shoal, Beaufort, North Carolina, and 3) Fisherman Island, Virginia.

Animals were measured for length and width and the dry weight determined. Prediction equations for the size-weight relat1onships were computed for the three …

The Distribution Of Submersed Hydrophytes In Currituck Sound, Steven Harry Davis

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The rooted submergent flora of Currituck Sound, North Carolina was determined, and the distributions of its species investigated with respect to salinity, substrate texture, depth, pH, turbidity and species co-occurrence. Eight species of hydrophytes were found: Potamogeton pectinatus, Fotamogeton perfoliatus, Ruppia maritima, Zannichellia palustris, Najas guadalupensis, Elodea nuttallii, Vallisneria americana, and Myriophyllum spicatum. The mean salinities at which each species occurred ranged from 1.0 ppt for E. nuttallii to 3.1 ppt for Z. palustris, Ruppia maritima, Z palustris and V. americana were the only species that commonly occurred on coarse-grained substrates. Elodea nuttallii and N. guadalupensis …

Seasonal Distribution Of Higher Marine And Aquatic Fungi In The Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Scott Schatz

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Abstract unavailable.

Microbenthic Algal Production Of An Intertidal Sandflat In Little Creek Harbor, Virginia Beach, Virginia, Clayton Barry Shedrow

OES Theses and Dissertations

Estimated annual net microbenthic algal production of an intertidal sandflat on Little Creek Inlet, Virginia Beach, Virginia, was 105 g C/m². Seasonally, primary production was greatest during the summer and fall periods (38 and 49 g C/m², respectively). Productivity was found to vary directly with water temperature and standing crop of benthic diatoms, and inversely with incident solar radiation and standing crops of sedimentary chlorophyll 'a' and 'c'. Orthophosphate and nitrate-N appeared to be limiting factors, nitrate-N more so than orthophosphate. Mean annual net photosynthetic efficiency (based upon total light) for the microphytobenthic community was 0.09%. …

Osteology Of Trypauchenichthys Sumatrensis Hardenburg, Christine Parrish Baer

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The osteology of a Malaysian goby was examined in detail and compared to other gobioids. Results indicated that Trypauaheniahthys sumatrensis is a specialized, but definite member of the Gobioidei. Some osteological characteristics of a related fish, Trypauchen vagina, were also discussed.

Feeding And Food Preferences By Three Sympatric Species Of Cyprinodontid Fishes, Lawrence J. Baer

OES Theses and Dissertations

The feeding and food utilization by three sympatric species of cyprinodontid fishes was examined using a modified Ivlev Electivity Co-efficient. Results indicated that although Fundulus heteroalitus and Fundulus majalis are sympatric in the area examined,their usage of the available food source varied noticeably. The third investigated species, Cyprinodon variegatus, fed mainly upon a vegetal detritus food source varied by the consumption of invertebrate and vertebrate food items. Slight intra-specific variances of diet between crespuscular periods was also discussed.

Observations On The Distribution And Composition Of Zooplankton In Portions Of The Intracoastal Waterway, Virginia, O. Clair Hillard Jr.

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Five stations were established in the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River, the Dismal Swamp Canal, the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal and the North Landing River. Representative samples of zooplankton were taken from October 1971 to June 1972. A. total of 57 species were identified and discussions regarding seasonal distribution in relation to physical factors and circulation are presented.

The composition of the zooplankton was found to fluctuate greatly due to the variables characteristic of the study area. The combined effect of tidal flow with freshwater input in conjunction with drainage from the Great Dismal Swamp, results in isolated populations …

Cytogenic Studies Of A Chesapeake Bay Population Of Molgula Manhattensis (Dekay) (Ascidiacea: Stolidobranchia), Elizabeth A. Crawford

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Abstract unavailable.

Phytoplankton Succession In The Lafayette River, Estuary, Norfolk, Virginia, Thomas W. Purcell Lll

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Abstract unavailable.

Seasonal Composition Of Zooplankton Of Lower Chesapeake Bay And Virginia Coastal Waters, Elizabeth W. Atkinson

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Abstract unavailable.

Phytoplankton Distribution In Waters Off The Northeastern Coast Of The United States, Sharon H. Craft

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Abstract unavailable.

Erasure Of Sediment Surface Features By Mellita Quinquiesperforata (Leske), Walter Richard Boehmer

OES Theses and Dissertations

Erasure of sediment surface features by individuals of the species, Mellita guinguiesperforata, observed in this study suggests that all members of the sub-order, Scutellina, are able to erase sediment surface features. Sweep time, the time needed to erase the surface features of an area, depends on the population density, individual size, and speed of movement of the sand dollars. Assuming their pattern of movement as random, the following equation can be used to determine sand dollar sweep time,

T - 3.2 N^-0.76 (W / S) (A/ W² )^1.21

where T is sweep time, N is the …

Diurnal Distribution Of Phytoplankton From A Single Station At The Mouth Of The James River, Harold G. Marshall

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Eight sets of water samples were taken to a depth of 36 ft. during a 24-hr. period. A homogeneity was found in the vertical distribution of the total phytoplankton in samples from 7 of the 8 hydro-casts. Skeletonema costatum and Asterionella japonica were the most numerous phytoplankters in every sample, with the majority of their counts each exceeding 500, 000 cells per liter.

The Distribution Of Phytoplankton Along A 140 Mile Transect In The Chesapeake Bay, Harold G. Marshall

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The composition of phytoplankton progressively changed in the surface samples taken between Norfolk, Virginia and Cambridge, Maryland. These was an inverse relationship between the numbers of phytoplankters and zooplankters in the transect samples. Vertical stratification of the plankton was studied at two 24-hr, stations at the Great Wicomlco and Patuxent Rivers. The vertical centers of zooplankton and phytoplankton populations fluctuated over the study period and evidence is given to support a grazing phenomenon. Large concentrations of nannoplankters were found in all the plankton samples taken and is attributed to the collection procedure using the Van Dorn sampler.