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Articles 991 - 1020 of 1425
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
Reticulate Evolution And Marine Organisms: The Final Frontier?, Michael L. Arnold, Nicole D. Fogarty
Reticulate Evolution And Marine Organisms: The Final Frontier?, Michael L. Arnold, Nicole D. Fogarty
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
The role that reticulate evolution (i.e., via lateral transfer, viral recombination and/or introgressive hybridization) has played in the origin and adaptation of individual taxa and even entire clades continues to be tested for all domains of life. Though falsified for some groups, the hypothesis of divergence in the face of gene flow is becoming accepted as a major facilitator of evolutionary change for many microorganisms, plants and animals. Yet, the effect of reticulate evolutionary change in certain assemblages has been doubted, either due to an actual dearth of genetic exchange among the lineages belonging to these clades or …
Movements And Habitat Utilization Of Two Longbill Spearfish Tetrapturus Pfluegeri In The Eastern Tropical South Atlantic Ocean, David W. Kerstetter, Eric S. Orbesen, S. Robert Snodgrass, Eric Prince
Movements And Habitat Utilization Of Two Longbill Spearfish Tetrapturus Pfluegeri In The Eastern Tropical South Atlantic Ocean, David W. Kerstetter, Eric S. Orbesen, S. Robert Snodgrass, Eric Prince
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
The longbill spearfish Tetrapturus pfleugeri Robins and de Sylva, 1963, is a small istiophorid billfish found in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas that occurs as an infrequent by-catch in recreational and commercial pelagic fisheries. Although some data exist on diet and reproduction based on dead specimens, little is known of the species’ habitat preferences or individual movement patterns. In 2004, two longbill spearfish were tagged with pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) near Ascencion Island in the South Atlantic for 11 d and 45 d. Individual movement tracks derived from light-based geolocation estimates suggested little relationship with sea surface temperature …
Southeast Florida Coral Reef Evaluation And Monitoring Project 2008 Year 6 Final Report, David S. Gilliam
Southeast Florida Coral Reef Evaluation And Monitoring Project 2008 Year 6 Final Report, David S. Gilliam
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports
No abstract provided.
Summer/Fall 2009, Nsu Oceanographic Center
Segregation Of Palaemonid Shrimp Along The Shark River Estuary: Implications For Trophic Function, Lauren C. Mccarthy
Segregation Of Palaemonid Shrimp Along The Shark River Estuary: Implications For Trophic Function, Lauren C. Mccarthy
HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the abundance, distribution, and spatiotemporal variation of palaemonid shrimp species in relation to season and salinity in the Shark River Estuary, Everglades National Park (ENP), Florida, USA. Five palaemonid species occurred in the samples: Palaemonetes paludosus, P. pugio, P. intermedius, Palaemon floridanus, and Leander paulensis; L. paulensis was collected only during the wet season. Overall, shrimp catches in traps doubled in the dry season. Catches in the upper estuary were dominated by P. paludosus, particularly in the wet season, while catch per unit effort (CPUE) at the most downstream, …
Deep-Sea Fishes Of The Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Trophic Structure And Interactions, Tracey Sutton, Joel C. Hoffman, Jeanna Kidwell, Odd Aksel Bergstad, Tone Falkenhaug, F. M. Porteiro, M. Heino, C. I. H. Anderson, J. Horne, Ann Bucklin
Deep-Sea Fishes Of The Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Trophic Structure And Interactions, Tracey Sutton, Joel C. Hoffman, Jeanna Kidwell, Odd Aksel Bergstad, Tone Falkenhaug, F. M. Porteiro, M. Heino, C. I. H. Anderson, J. Horne, Ann Bucklin
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures
Because deep-sea fisheries are increasing as coastal fisheries decline, fisheries scientists need baseline data on deep-sea ecosystems prior to further development of deep-water fisheries. We present preliminary results and ongoing efforts to characterize the trophic structure and energy flow of the pelagic ecosystems of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, from Iceland to the Azores. This study is one component of the international CoML field project MAR-ECO (www.mar-eco.no). We found a diverse deep-pelagic fish fauna (205 spp.), with unexpectedly high bathypelagic fish biomass and spatial complexity. Based on literature reports of species present, crustacean planktivory is the dominant trophic guild (79% of …
Spatial Distributions Of Bathypelagic Fishes Along The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, C. I. H. Anderson, J. Horne, Tracey Sutton
Spatial Distributions Of Bathypelagic Fishes Along The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, C. I. H. Anderson, J. Horne, Tracey Sutton
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures
The spatial distribution of organisms plays a key role in facilitating biological processes, such as trophic interactions, which influence pelagic ecosystem structure and function. This study combines discrete trawl net sampling with continuous, full water column, acoustic measurements to investigate the distribution of bathypelagic (1000- 3000 m depth) nekton biomass along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from Iceland to the Azores in the North Atlantic. Two, previously unknown, distinct bathypelagic acoustic scattering layers (ASLs) were observed using 18 kHz echosounder data. One, extending down on average ~200 m from 2000 m depth, appears ubiquitous wherever bottom depth allows, while the second, found …
Habitat Mapping In The Farasan Islands (Saudi Arabia) Using Casi And Quickbird Imagery, Gwilym Rowlands, James A. Goodman, Bernhard Riegl, Philip Renaud, Samuel J. Purkis
Habitat Mapping In The Farasan Islands (Saudi Arabia) Using Casi And Quickbird Imagery, Gwilym Rowlands, James A. Goodman, Bernhard Riegl, Philip Renaud, Samuel J. Purkis
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures
Map products derived from remote sensing technology increase our understanding and ability to manage tropical marine environments. The enhanced mapping capabilities of hyperspectral sensors are well understood; yet technology uptake, particularly for large scale tasks, has been slow. The study presented represents one of the largest hyperspectral projects to date, and paves the way towards increased use of this technology. Hyperspectral CASI-550 imagery and multispectral QuickBird imagery, was acquired over 3,168 km2 of the Farasan Islands. In addition to the typical image processing steps, inopportune water condensation in the CASI sensors lens necessitated further processing to remove an across-track …
Surface Mucous As A Source Of Genomic Dna From Atlantic Billfishes (Istiophoridae) And Swordfish (Xiphiidae), John P. Hoolihan, Nerida G. Wilson, Ronald M. Faugue, Andrea Bernard, Rebekah L. Horn, Derke Snodgrass, Duane R. Schultz
Surface Mucous As A Source Of Genomic Dna From Atlantic Billfishes (Istiophoridae) And Swordfish (Xiphiidae), John P. Hoolihan, Nerida G. Wilson, Ronald M. Faugue, Andrea Bernard, Rebekah L. Horn, Derke Snodgrass, Duane R. Schultz
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
Procedures for sampling genomic DNA from live billfishes involve manual restraint and tissue excision that can be difficult to carry out and may produce stresses that affect fish survival. We examined the collection of surface mucous as a less invasive alternative method for sourcing genomic DNA by comparing it to autologous muscle tissue samples from Atlantic blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus), sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), and swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Purified DNA from mucous was comparable to muscle and was suitable for conventional polymerase chain reaction, random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, …
Benthic Habitat Mapping Of Miami-Dade County: Visual Interpretation Of Lads Bathymetry And Aerial Photography, Brian K. Walker
Benthic Habitat Mapping Of Miami-Dade County: Visual Interpretation Of Lads Bathymetry And Aerial Photography, Brian K. Walker
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports
No abstract provided.
Aves Marinas Anidando En Islas De La Sonda De Campeche, Thor Morales, Enriqueta Velarde, Francisco Daniel Ruz, Edward O. Keith
Aves Marinas Anidando En Islas De La Sonda De Campeche, Thor Morales, Enriqueta Velarde, Francisco Daniel Ruz, Edward O. Keith
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures
Esta zona arrecifal, la más norteña del Golfo de México mexicano alberga las mayores colonias de anidación de aves marinas de la región. El último censo se realizó en 1986. En la zona se practica la pesca, turismo y explotación petrolífera, que potencialmente constituyen un riesgo para la biodiversidad del arrecife. La zona está pobremente estudiada y es importante obtener información sobre sus recursos para manejarlos adecuadamente. Nuestro objetivo es actualizar la información sobre las especies de aves marinas que anidan en las islas del Parque Nacional Arrecife Alacranes y Cayo Arenas. Se visitaron 6 islas a mediados de marzo …
An Analysis Of Policies And Conservation Techniques To Reduce The Accidental Deaths Of Sea Turtle Hatchlings Due To Light Pollution In Broward County, Fl., Megan Wilson
HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations
Light pollution is any excessive or obtrusive man made light source which disrupts the natural environment. Hatchling marine turtles are adversely affected by light pollution and therefore unlit nesting beaches are essential habitats for all marine turtle species. In Broward County, the most significant conservation issue facing nesting and hatchling marine turtles is the amount of light pollution present on urban sea turtle nesting beaches. The reduction of hatchling mortality from light pollution is an ongoing conservation goal of the State of Florida, Broward County, and the Broward County Sea Turtle Conservation Project (BCSTCP). Conservation techniques and policies intended to …
Accuracy Assessment And Monitoring For Noaa Florida Keys Mapping Aa Roi-1 (Hawk Channel Near American Shoal), Brian K. Walker, Greg Foster
Accuracy Assessment And Monitoring For Noaa Florida Keys Mapping Aa Roi-1 (Hawk Channel Near American Shoal), Brian K. Walker, Greg Foster
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports
This report describes the methodologies, analyses, and results for an independent accuracy assessment of a thematic benthic habitat map produced by NOAA for the Florida Keys. It is an analysis of four regional accuracy assessments. Over the course of the Florida Keys mapping project, NOAA amended part of the classification scheme. The original scheme for mapping benthic cover was a tiered approach where certain benthic cover categories were given priority over others (e.g. coral was most important). Recently, this was modified to a dominant benthic cover scheme where the habitat is characterized by the single most dominant cover type and …
Markov Models For Linking Environments And Facies In Space And Time (Recent Arabian Gulf, Miocene Paratethys), Bernhard Riegl, Samuel J. Purkis
Markov Models For Linking Environments And Facies In Space And Time (Recent Arabian Gulf, Miocene Paratethys), Bernhard Riegl, Samuel J. Purkis
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Books and Book Chapters
This special publication Perspectives in Carbonate Geology is a collection of papers most of which were presented at a symposium to honor the 80th birthday of Bob Ginsburg at the meeting of Geological Society of America in Salt Lake City in 2005. The majority of the papers in this publication are connected with the study of modern carbonate sediments. Bob Ginsburg pioneered the concept of comparative sedimentology - that is using the modern to compare to and relate to and understand the ancient. These studies are concerned with Bob's areas of passion: coral reefs and sea-level; submarine cementation and formation …
Spring 2009, Nsu Oceanographic Center
Rapid Recovery Of A Coral Reef At Darwin Island, Galapagos Islands, Peter W. Glynn, Bernhard Riegl, Adrienne M. S. Correa, Iliana B. Baums
Rapid Recovery Of A Coral Reef At Darwin Island, Galapagos Islands, Peter W. Glynn, Bernhard Riegl, Adrienne M. S. Correa, Iliana B. Baums
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
Surveys at Darwin Island in 2006 and 2007 have demonstrated that this northernmost Galapagos Islands coral reef has recovered significantly since the 1982–3 El Niño event. When first surveyed in 1975, this structural reef exhibited actively accreting frameworks of pocilloporid and poritid corals. The coral suffered severe mortality in 1983, resulting in the near total loss of pocilloporids and extensive partial mortality of poritid corals. Large sections of the reef had not recovered by 1992 and dead frameworks were subject to bio-erosion, although small numbers of sexual recruits of pocilloporid corals and numerous recruits plus regenerating patches of Porites lobata …
Markov Models For Linking Environments And Facies In Space And Time (Recent Arabian Gulf, Miocene Paratethys), Bernhard Riegl, Samuel J. Purkis
Markov Models For Linking Environments And Facies In Space And Time (Recent Arabian Gulf, Miocene Paratethys), Bernhard Riegl, Samuel J. Purkis
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
If, as comparative sedimentology maintains, knowledge of the Recent can sometimes be helpful to explain the past (and vice-versa), common quantitative denominators might exist between Recent and fossil systems. It may also be possible to describe dynamics and find linkages between space and time with a unique set of quantitative tools. To explore such conceptual links, spatial facies patterns mapped using satellite imagery were compared with temporal patterns in analogous ancient outcropping facies using Markov chains and graphs. Landsat and Ikonos satellite imagery was used to map benthic facies in a nearshore carbonate ramp (Ras Hasyan) and offshore platform system …
The Influence Of Artificial Reef Associated Fish Assemblages And Varying Substrates On Coral Recruitment, T. Patrick Quinn
The Influence Of Artificial Reef Associated Fish Assemblages And Varying Substrates On Coral Recruitment, T. Patrick Quinn
HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations
This study examined enhancing coral recruitment to artificial substrate by manipulating fish assemblages and the use of coral attractant substrates. One hundred sixty artificial reef modules were organized into 40 four-module replicate configurations (quads) of varying complexity to induce different fish assemblages. The deployment array consisted of the 40 quads, each in a square configuration with three to four-meter sides (approximately 1 m separation between modules) measured from the outside corners. The quads were divided into four fill treatments of differing complexity: Empty, Small, Mixed, and Large. Each quad had four potential coral attractant treatments on settlement plates: CaCO3, iron, …
New Perspectives On Ecological Mechanisms Affecting Coral Recruitment On Reefs, Raphael Ritson-Williams, Suzanne N. Arnold, Nicole D. Fogarty, Robert S. Steneck, Mark J. A. Vermeij, Valerie J. Paul
New Perspectives On Ecological Mechanisms Affecting Coral Recruitment On Reefs, Raphael Ritson-Williams, Suzanne N. Arnold, Nicole D. Fogarty, Robert S. Steneck, Mark J. A. Vermeij, Valerie J. Paul
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
Coral mortality has increased in recent decades, making coral recruitment more important than ever in sustaining coral reef ecosystems and contributing to their resilience. This review summarizes existing information on ecological factors affecting scleractinian coral recruitment. Successful recruitment requires the survival of coral offspring through sequential life history stages. Larval availability, successful settlement, and post-settlement survival and growth are all necessary for the addition of new coral individuals to a reef and ultimately maintenance or recovery of coral reef ecosystems. As environmental conditions continue to become more hostile to corals on a global scale, further research on fertilization ecology, connectivity, …
Winter 2009, Nsu Oceanographic Center
Lidar-Derived Benthic Habitat Maps Enable The Quantification Of Potential Dredging Impacts To Coral Reef Ecosystems, Brian K. Walker, Richard E. Dodge, David S. Gilliam
Lidar-Derived Benthic Habitat Maps Enable The Quantification Of Potential Dredging Impacts To Coral Reef Ecosystems, Brian K. Walker, Richard E. Dodge, David S. Gilliam
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures
An essential component to the analysis of ecosystem services is to characterize and define the major habitats within the area of interest. Aerial photography and/or satellite imagery coupled with geographic information systems (GIS) are frequently used to identify and quantify habitats in open terrestrial ecosystems. However, it is more difficult to successfully apply this methodology to deeper, <20 m, underwater environments. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR), a relatively new remote sensing technology that provides detailed bathymetry, can be used when adequate imagery is not available. This study uses LIDAR as the basis to characterize various benthic habitats in a coral reef ecosystem in order to quantify the habitats for a Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA) related to planned dredging activities to expand the Port Everglades entrance channel, Broward County, FL. As part of a regional mapping effort, marine benthic habitats were characterized for Broward County, FL. A mosaic of interpolated, sunshaded, laser bathymetry data served as the foundation upon which acoustic ground discrimination, limited subbottom profiling and aerial photography, and groundtruthing data were added in a GIS to aid in interpretation of benthic habitats. Expert-driven visual interpretation outlined geomorphological features in the LIDAR data at a scale of 1:6000 with a minimum mapping unit of 1 acre. The map of Broward County yielded a high overall accuracy of 89.6%. To quantify the potential dredging impacts, the habitat layer was clipped in GIS to the boundaries of anticipated direct and indirect impacts of the proposed project. Then the area of each clipped polygon was totaled for each habitat by impact type. HEA and Florida’s Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method (UMAM) were performed using these areas. This work would not have been possible using satellite imagery or aerial photography alone and illustrates the capability of relatively new remote sensing technologies to aid in the definition and quantification of habitats for ecosystem service analyses.
Live Release Of A Bigeye Sand Tiger Odontaspis Noronhai (Elasmobranchii: Lamniformes) In The Western North Atlantic Ocean, David W. Kerstetter, Mae Taylor
Live Release Of A Bigeye Sand Tiger Odontaspis Noronhai (Elasmobranchii: Lamniformes) In The Western North Atlantic Ocean, David W. Kerstetter, Mae Taylor
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
No abstract provided.
Coral Reef Restoration And Mitigation In Florida And Beyond, Jocelyn Karazsia, Tom Moore, James Byrne, David S. Gilliam, John Hunt
Coral Reef Restoration And Mitigation In Florida And Beyond, Jocelyn Karazsia, Tom Moore, James Byrne, David S. Gilliam, John Hunt
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures
No abstract provided.
Fall 2008, Nsu Oceanographic Center
Critical Review Of The Literature On Marine Mammal Population Modelling, Edward O. Keith
Critical Review Of The Literature On Marine Mammal Population Modelling, Edward O. Keith
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports
A comprehensive literature review and modeling effort have been conducted in order to determine which vital rates are most important to determining the growth and sustainability of marine mammal populations. Also addressed are the impacts of life-history, ecological, and genetic variation on vital rates and population sustainability and how much each vital parameter can change before a change in population trend would be expected. Additionally, the influence of ecological energetics and foraging strategies on vital rates and their limits of sustainable change are examined, and the nature of how an increase in sound in the marine environment might influence marine …
Mapping Coral Reef Habitats In Southeast Florida Using A Combined Technique Approach, Brian K. Walker, Bernhard Riegl, Richard E. Dodge
Mapping Coral Reef Habitats In Southeast Florida Using A Combined Technique Approach, Brian K. Walker, Bernhard Riegl, Richard E. Dodge
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
To create maps of nearshore benthic habitats of Broward County, Florida, from 0 to 35 m depth, we combined laser bathymetry, acoustic ground discrimination, subbottom profiling, and aerial photography data in a geographic information system (GIS). A mosaic of interpolated, sun-shaded, laser bathymetry data served as the foundation upon which acoustic ground discrimination, limited subbottom profiling and aerial photography, and groundtruthing data aided in interpretation of habitats. Mapping criteria similar to NOAA biogeographic Caribbean mapping were used to allow for a comparable output. Expert-driven visual interpretation outlined geomorphological features at a scale of 1 : 6000 with a minimum mapping …
Summer 2008, Nsu Oceanographic Center
Deep-Pelagic Fishes And The Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Interactions And Vectoring Of Gelatinous Carbon To Higher Trophic Levels?, Tracey Sutton, F. M. Porteiro, C. I. H. Anderson, J. Horne
Deep-Pelagic Fishes And The Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Interactions And Vectoring Of Gelatinous Carbon To Higher Trophic Levels?, Tracey Sutton, F. M. Porteiro, C. I. H. Anderson, J. Horne
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures
The assemblage structure and vertical distribution of deep-pelagic fishes relative to a mid-ocean ridge system is described from an acoustic and discrete-depth trawling survey conducted as part of the international Census of Marine Life field project MAR-ECO. A survey along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), covering the full depth range (0 to >3000 m) with a combination of gear types, was conducted to understand the role of the pelagic fauna in ecosystem dynamics. A total of 205 fish species were collected by midwater sampling. Depth was by far the primary assemblage composition determinant, with ridge section secondary. The dominant ichthyofaunal component …
A Comparison Of Scleractinian Coral Abundance Between Natural And Artificial Substrata In A High-Latitude Environment Off Broward County, Florida, Usa, Deron James Bauer
A Comparison Of Scleractinian Coral Abundance Between Natural And Artificial Substrata In A High-Latitude Environment Off Broward County, Florida, Usa, Deron James Bauer
HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations
The Dania Beach Erojacks Artificial Reef was deployed off the coast of Broward County, Florida on December 31, 1967 as a way to help combat beach erosion. Over the last forty years, the linear pile of concrete hexapods has become an important habitat, for scleractinian corals, octocorals, algae, crustaceans, mollusks, and fish. This study focuses on the density and size of the scleractinian corals found on this artificial reef and how it compares to that of the nearby natural reef. In addition, the impact of two hurricanes on the shallow portion of the artificial reef was documented. In the 2-year …
A Model Framework For Predicting Reef Fish Distributions Across The Seascape Using Gis Topographic Metrics And Benthic Habitat Associations, Brian K. Walker
A Model Framework For Predicting Reef Fish Distributions Across The Seascape Using Gis Topographic Metrics And Benthic Habitat Associations, Brian K. Walker
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures
Increased topographic complexity has been linked to increased species diversity and/or abundance in many ecological communities, including coral reefs. Several topographic metrics can be measured remotely in GIS using high resolution bathymetry, including elevation, surface rugosity, and seafloor volume within specified areas. Statistical relationships between these data and organismal distributions within mapped habitats can be used to make predictions across the entire bathymetric dataset. In this study a model framework is presented which utilizes statistically significant relationships between reef fish abundance and species richness and GIS topographic complexity measurements for samples within similar benthic habitats to create GIS-based prediction maps …