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Articles 31 - 47 of 47
Full-Text Articles in Kinesiology
Comprehensive Analysis Of Abdominal Tendon Length:Muscle Length Ratios In Human And Rat Specimens, Alexander J. Stephen
Comprehensive Analysis Of Abdominal Tendon Length:Muscle Length Ratios In Human And Rat Specimens, Alexander J. Stephen
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Introduction: This study measured and described the tendon to muscle length ratios (TMRs) of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), rectus abdominus (RA), and transverse abdominus (TrA) muscles in humans and rats. Methods: The abdominal muscles of human and rat specimens were dissected and the length of the muscle fibers from their posterior attachments to the lumbodorsal fascia or the rib cage, and the lengths of their tendons, were measured. The tendon length was divided by muscle fiber length to calculate the TMR. Results: The TMRs for the human EO, IO, and TrA muscles were significantly larger than the …
Effects Of An In-Season Resistance Training Program On Lower Extremity Power Output In Collegiate Basketball Players, Kevin Lee King
Effects Of An In-Season Resistance Training Program On Lower Extremity Power Output In Collegiate Basketball Players, Kevin Lee King
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in muscle power performance in a horizontal (forward movement), vertical, and lateral directions in collegiate basketball players due to the presence of an in-season resistance training program (ISRTP). Four basketball teams were recruited for this study. Two women's basketball teams and two men's basketball teams participated with one team in each gender participating in an ISRTP and one team not participating in an ISRTP. Fifty-three collegiate basketball players (Females= 29, Males= 24) were successfully recruited for this project. Subjects were assessed for lower extremity muscle power and muscle strength at pre-season, …
Twenty-One Days Of Lunar Environment Alters Muscle Fiber Areas In Mouse Gastrocnemius, Edwin M. Savio, Kevin L. Shimkus, Jeff M. Hord, John Will Deaver, Michael P. Wiggs, Brandon R. Macias, Florence Lima, Ramon D. Boudreaux, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Elizabeth S. Greene, Les A. Braby, Harry A. Hogan, John M. Lawler, Susan A. Bloomfield, James D. Fluckey
Twenty-One Days Of Lunar Environment Alters Muscle Fiber Areas In Mouse Gastrocnemius, Edwin M. Savio, Kevin L. Shimkus, Jeff M. Hord, John Will Deaver, Michael P. Wiggs, Brandon R. Macias, Florence Lima, Ramon D. Boudreaux, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Elizabeth S. Greene, Les A. Braby, Harry A. Hogan, John M. Lawler, Susan A. Bloomfield, James D. Fluckey
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
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The Effect Of Music As A Motivational Tool On Isokinetic Concentric Performance In College Aged Students, Maurice M. Godwin, Ronnette T. Hopson, Carley K. Newman, Timothy J. Leszczak
The Effect Of Music As A Motivational Tool On Isokinetic Concentric Performance In College Aged Students, Maurice M. Godwin, Ronnette T. Hopson, Carley K. Newman, Timothy J. Leszczak
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 7(1) : 54-61, 2014. Music has been identified as a motivational tool in physical activity and associated with improved performance in aerobic and anaerobic exercise. However, the effects of music on isokinetic strength testing have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to measure the difference in lower limb isokinetic force output in males and females when exposed to a motivational environment (arousing music) and non-motivational environment (silence). A 2 x 2 analysis of variance (group x gender) was used with participants (n = 19; 12 male, 7 female) serving as their …
Effect Of Age On The Hemodynamic And Sympathetic Responses At The Onset Of Isometric Handgrip Exercise., Sophie Lalande, Carolyn P Sawicki, Jacquie R Baker, Kevin Shoemaker
Effect Of Age On The Hemodynamic And Sympathetic Responses At The Onset Of Isometric Handgrip Exercise., Sophie Lalande, Carolyn P Sawicki, Jacquie R Baker, Kevin Shoemaker
Kinesiology Publications
Cardiac and peripheral vasomotor factors contribute to the rapid pressor response at the onset of isometric handgrip exercise. We tested the hypothesis that age enhances the sympathetic and vasoconstrictor response at the onset of isometric handgrip exercise so that the pressor response is maintained, despite a diminished cardiac function. Twelve young and twelve older (24 ± 3 and 63 ± 8 yr) individuals performed 20-s isometric handgrip exercise at 30, 40, or 50% of maximal voluntary contraction force. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was measured using microneurography. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (Q) were assessed continuously by finger …
Recovery From Muscle Fatigue In Young And Older Adults: Implications For Physical Function, Stephen A. Foulis
Recovery From Muscle Fatigue In Young And Older Adults: Implications For Physical Function, Stephen A. Foulis
Open Access Dissertations
As adults age, skeletal muscles become smaller and weaker, which can ultimately lead to declines in physical function and disability. In general, older adults produce less isometric force and dynamic power than younger adults. The effects of this weakness are amplified following a series of muscle contractions that result in muscle fatigue. Since daily routines consist of repeated series of activity followed by rest, it is important to understand how muscle recovers from fatigue. In particular, muscle power has been shown to be related to physical function and balance. Thus, understanding the process of recovery from muscle fatigue will help …
A Comparison Of Absolute, Ratio And Allometric Scaling Methods For Normalizing Strength In Elite American Football Players, B. H. Jacobson, Brennan J. Thompson, E. C. Conchola, R. Glass
A Comparison Of Absolute, Ratio And Allometric Scaling Methods For Normalizing Strength In Elite American Football Players, B. H. Jacobson, Brennan J. Thompson, E. C. Conchola, R. Glass
Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications
Division I football players exemplify the greatest range in body mass of any modern team sport. Body mass may differ by over 80 kg between the various positions. Absolute muscular strength is typically greater in larger individuals, but such data does not allow for accurate comparisons. Therefore, in order to compare the performance indices of individual groups allometric rather than ratio scaling has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to compare absolute strength, normalized ratio and allometrically scaled data among players of different size.
Recent Insights Into Muscle Fatigue At The Cross-Bridge Level, Edward Debold
Recent Insights Into Muscle Fatigue At The Cross-Bridge Level, Edward Debold
Edward P. Debold
The depression in force and/or velocity associated with muscular fatigue can be the result of a failure at any level, from the initial events in the motor cortex of the brain to the formation of an actomyosin cross-bridge in the muscle cell. Since all the force and motion generated by muscle ultimately derives from the cyclical interaction of actin and myosin, researchers have focused heavily on the impact of the accumulation of intracellular metabolites [e.g., Pi, H+ and adenosine diphoshphate (ADP)] on the function these contractile proteins. At saturating Ca++ levels, elevated Pi appears to be the primary cause for …
The Effect Of N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation On Recovery Of Strength Following Eccentric Muscle Injury, Ryan C. Luke
The Effect Of N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation On Recovery Of Strength Following Eccentric Muscle Injury, Ryan C. Luke
Kinesiology Dissertations
This study determined the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation on recovery of strength following eccentric muscle injury. Female subjects (n = 21, age = 20.7 ± .10 yr, weight = 68.05 ± 10.3 kg, height = 1.69 ± .07 m) performed one bout of eccentric exercise involving the forearm flexor muscles. Subjects were given a placebo (food-grade cellulose; n = 10) or NAC supplement (10 mg·kg-1 bw·d-1; n = 11) for 7D prior to and 14D following the exercise bout. Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC) torque, muscle soreness, range of motion (ROM), and arm circumference were measured at …
Optimal Control Of Human Running, Ross Herbert Miller
Optimal Control Of Human Running, Ross Herbert Miller
Open Access Dissertations
Humans generally use two modes of locomotion as adults. At slow speeds we walk, and at fast speeds we run. To perform either gait, we use our muscles. The central questions in this dissertation were: (1) Why do humans run the way they do, and (2) How do the mechanical properties of muscle influence running performance? Optimal control simulations of running were generated using a bipedal forward dynamics model of the human musculoskeletal system. Simulations of running and sprinting were posed as two-point boundary value problems where the muscle excitation signals were optimized to maximize an optimality criterion. In the …
Comparative Forelimb Muscle Function In Turtles: Tests Of Environmental Variation And Neuromotor Conservation, Angela Rivera
Comparative Forelimb Muscle Function In Turtles: Tests Of Environmental Variation And Neuromotor Conservation, Angela Rivera
All Dissertations
Novel locomotor functions in animals may evolve through changes in morphology, muscle activity, or a combination of both. The idea that new functions or behaviors can arise solely through changes in structure, without concurrent changes in the patterns of muscle activity that control movement of those structures, has been formalized as the `neuromotor conservation hypothesis'. In vertebrate locomotor systems, evidence for neuromotor conservation is found across transitions in terrestrial species and into fliers, but transitions in aquatic species have received little comparable study to determine if changes in morphology and muscle function were coordinated through the evolution of new locomotor …
Effects Of Multiple Bouts Of Long-Duration Hindlimb Unloading And Recovery On Rat Plantaris Muscle, Emily E. Jaroszewski, Kevin L. Shimkus, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Harry A. Hogan, James D. Fluckey
Effects Of Multiple Bouts Of Long-Duration Hindlimb Unloading And Recovery On Rat Plantaris Muscle, Emily E. Jaroszewski, Kevin L. Shimkus, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Harry A. Hogan, James D. Fluckey
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Exposure to microgravity results in a rapid reduction of muscle mass. However, few studies exist designed to examine the effects of multiple long-term exposures to microgravity with alternating recovery periods on skeletal muscle. To determine what happens to the recovery of skeletal muscle when faced with subsequent unloading and recovery periods. Male Sprague-Dawley (6 mo) were assigned to the following groups as shown in figure 1 below: 28d hindlimb unloading (1HU), 28d HU session followed by a 56d recovery bout of normal cage ambulation at 1g (1HU+REC), 2 cycles of 28d HU with a 56d recovery period between unloadings (2HU), …
A Comparison Of Three Computer-Based Methods Used To Determine Emg Signal Amplitude, Doug Renshaw*, Matthew R. Bice†, Camille Cassidy‡, James A. Eldridge‡, Douglas W. Powell‡
A Comparison Of Three Computer-Based Methods Used To Determine Emg Signal Amplitude, Doug Renshaw*, Matthew R. Bice†, Camille Cassidy‡, James A. Eldridge‡, Douglas W. Powell‡
International Journal of Exercise Science
Electromyography is a commonly used method to determine relative effort and neuromuscular drive to skeletal muscle. A limitation of the interpretation of EMG within the literature is the many methods used to determine the intensity of muscle activation. In the current study, ten healthy young adults performed a level walking task while EMG was recorded from the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius and fibularis longus. The EMG data were rectified and smoothed using the root mean squared (RMS). Peak RMS (pRMS), mean RMS (mRMS) and integrated EMG (iEMG) were normalized to the peak value within the subject and were used to …
Effects Of Training On Physical Performance Wearing Personal Protective Equipment, David P. Swain, James A. Onate, Stacie I. Ringleb, Dayanand N. Naik, Marlene Demaio
Effects Of Training On Physical Performance Wearing Personal Protective Equipment, David P. Swain, James A. Onate, Stacie I. Ringleb, Dayanand N. Naik, Marlene Demaio
Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Faculty Publications
We evaluated the effects of wearing a weighted vest during 6 weeks of military-style training. Forty-three subjects were randomly assigned to a control group or a vest group (carrying 4-5 kg for 2 weeks, and 8-10 kg for 4 weeks), with 37 completing the study (17 vest, 20 control). Both groups performed stair climbing in addition to standard Marine Corps training for 1 hour, four times per week. Pre- and post-tests were performed while wearing military personal protective equipment, with the exception of the Marine Physical Readiness Test (PRT). Both groups significantly improved PRT scores (8.4% 3-mile run, 28-38% calisthenics) …
In Situ Muscle Power Differs Without Varying In Vitro Mechanical Properties In Two Insect Leg Muscles Innervated By The Same Motor Neuron, Anna N. Ahn, Kenneth Meijer, Robert J. Full
In Situ Muscle Power Differs Without Varying In Vitro Mechanical Properties In Two Insect Leg Muscles Innervated By The Same Motor Neuron, Anna N. Ahn, Kenneth Meijer, Robert J. Full
All HMC Faculty Publications and Research
The mechanical behavior of muscle during locomotion is often predicted by its anatomy, kinematics, activation pattern and contractile properties. The neuromuscular design of the cockroach leg provides a model system to examine these assumptions, because a single motor neuron innervates two extensor muscles operating at a single joint. Comparisons of the in situ measurements under in vivo running conditions of muscle 178 to a previously examined muscle (179) demonstrate that the same inputs (e.g. neural signal and kinematics) can result in different mechanical outputs. The same neural signal and kinematics, as determined during running, can result in different mechanical functions, …
Fiber Type-Specific Desmin Content In Human Single Muscle Fibers, Heidi Ghent
Fiber Type-Specific Desmin Content In Human Single Muscle Fibers, Heidi Ghent
Theses and Dissertations
Contractile and cytoskeletal protein concentrations have been shown to differ on the basis of fiber type in whole muscle homogenates. The purpose of this study was to compare the content of the intermediate filament protein, desmin, between type I and type IIa single muscle fibers from a mixed muscle in human subjects. Biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of six recreationally active males. Approximately 150 single muscle fibers were dissected from each sample and analyzed using SDS-PAGE to determine myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition. Following identification, muscle fibers were pooled into two groups (MHC I and MHC IIa). Desmin …
A Motor And A Brake: Two Leg Extensor Muscles Acting At The Same Joint Manage Energy Differently In A Running Insect, Anna N. Ahn, Robert J. Full
A Motor And A Brake: Two Leg Extensor Muscles Acting At The Same Joint Manage Energy Differently In A Running Insect, Anna N. Ahn, Robert J. Full
All HMC Faculty Publications and Research
The individual muscles of a multiple muscle group at a given joint are often assumed to function synergistically to share the load during locomotion. We examined two leg extensors of a running cockroach to test the hypothesis that leg muscles within an anatomical muscle group necessarily manage (i.e. produce, store, transmit or absorb) energy similarly during running. Using electromyographic and video motion-analysis techniques, we determined that muscles 177c and 179 are both active during the first half of the stance period during muscle shortening. Using the in vivo strain and stimulation patterns determined during running, we measured muscle power output. …