Kinesiology Commons^™

Wearable Technology Devices: Heart Rate And Step Count Analysis, Jeffrey Montes

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The overarching purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate and analyze heart rate and/or step count measurements for six popular wearable technology devices: the Samsung Gear 2, FitBit Surge, Polar A360, Garmin Vivosmart HR+, Leaf Health Tracker, and the Scosche Rhythm+ in four separate conditions: free motion walking, free motion jogging, treadmill walking, and treadmill jogging. The four studies presented here utilized one test design and data collection protocol in which many measurements could be addressed simultaneously. Currently, there is no accepted standardized protocol to evaluate wearable technology devices. The test design utilized for this research series was introduced as …

Television Viewing And Markers Of Physical Fitness And Body Composition In College-Aged Students, James Peterson

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Television viewing is one of the most popular sedentary activities in America. Sedentary behavior has been linked to increased risk of obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortalities. While many studies have focused on associations in children and middle aged to older adults, there is a dearth of literature regarding young college aged students. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between daily television screen time viewing and markers of physical fitness and body composition in young college aged students. METHODS: The sample population consisted of 141 Northern Illinois University young college aged students. Subjects completed …

The Relationship Between Body Composition And Fitness Parameters, Rachel Agostino

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Body composition details the materials that make up the human body. Fat mass primarily functions as insulation and energy storage, but can be detrimental to physical performance when present in excess. Fat-free mass contains muscles and the remainder of substances within the body. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is the maximum capacity of the body to transport and utilize oxygen during incremental exercise to maximal levels. VO2max correlates with fat-free mass. Power and work can be used to measure the anaerobic system. The amount of muscle mass correlates with the power and work that is produced. PURPOSE: The purpose of …

The Relationship Between Body Composition And Blood Pressure In College Age Students, Arely Ortiz, Fabiana Villari

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Body composition is divided into two components: fat-free mass and fat mass. Fat-free mass includes organs, muscles, bones, blood, and skin which is chemically broken down into water, protein, and bone mineral. Whereas, fat mass would be considered essential or stored fat. A common way to measure body composition is to determine percent of body fat or body mass index (BMI). Many studies suggest that BMI is associated with blood pressure. Unlike measuring percent body fat, BMI does not consider fat-free mass and instead uses the ratio of total body weight to height. Considering fat-free mass when associated to …

Time Course Toward Baseline Of Hand-To-Foot Bia Measures Following An Acute Bout Of Aerobic Exercise, Brett S. Nickerson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 640-647, 2018. The purpose of this study was to determine the time course of BIA-derived body fat percentage (BF%) and total body water (TBW) values in the 1 h following a moderate bout (60% heart rate reserve [HRR]) of steady state aerobic exercise in apparently healthy men. College-aged adult males (n=15) had their BF% and TBW estimated via BIA before (PRE), immediately (IP), 10 min (10P), 20 min (20P), 30 min (30P), 40 min (40P), 50 min (50P), and 60 min (60P) post a 30 min bout of moderate treadmill exercise. Exercise intensity was …

The Effect Of The Menstrual Cycle On The Reliability Of Contact-Electrode Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzers, Emily A. Cumberledge, Cassandra Myers, Jennifer J. Venditti, Curt B. Dixon, Joseph L. Andreacci

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 625-632, 2018. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a noninvasive and relatively inexpensive method of assessing body composition. Manufacturers of BIA technology recommend to avoid testing women when they perceive to be retaining water during the menstrual cycle. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effect of the menstrual cycle on body composition determined by contact-electrode BIA analyzers. Forty-three college-aged women volunteered to participate in this study (age=21.2 ± 1.1 years; body mass index = 24.0 ± 3.7 kg/m²). Subjects had their body composition assessed using four different contact-electrode BIA …

The Effects Of Overfeeding On Body Composition: The Role Of Macronutrient Composition - A Narrative Review, Alex Leaf, Jose Antonio

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(8): 1275-1296, 2017. Compared to investigations on hypocaloric diets, the effects of chronic overfeeding have been less studied. It has been posited that consuming calories in excess of daily caloric requirements will result in a gain in body weight and in particular fat mass regardless of which macronutrient(s) are consumed. However, recent evidence suggests that there is a quantitative difference in protein versus carbohydrate and/or fat overfeeding as it relates to body composition. Protein overfeeding or the consumption of a high protein diet may not result in a gain in body weight or fat mass …

The Body Mass Index Of San Francisco Cold Water Swimmers - Comparisons To U.S. National And Local Populations, And Pool Swimmers, Brendan T. Crow, Ellicott C. Matthay, Stephen P. Schatz, Mark D. Debeliso, Thomas J. Nuckton

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(8): 1250-1262, 2017. To determine if cold-water swimmers have substantial differences in BMI, which might have a protective effect against heat loss during swims in cold water without wetsuits, and to determine if obesity is more or less prevalent in cold-water swimmers, we compared the body mass index (BMI) values of 103 recreational open-water swimmers (mean age 54.3 ±10.8 years) to data from various population groups. Swimmers swam consistently throughout the winter months, in the San Francisco Bay (water temperature range: 9.6° C [49.3 ° F] to 12.6° C [54.7 ° F]), without wetsuits. After …

Validity Of Arm-To-Arm Bia Devices Compared To Dxa For Estimating %Fat In College Men And Women, Rebecca A. Rockamann, Emily K. Dalton, Jana L. Arabas, Liz Jorn, Jerry L. Mayhew

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 977-988, 2017. Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) devices are commonly used to estimate percent body fat (%fat), although validation of their accuracy varies widely. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of four commonly used BIA devices compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). College-aged men (n = 29, age = 19.7 ± 1.2 y, weight = 76.9 ± 12.5 kg) and women (n = 31, age = 20.5 ± 0.8 y, weight = 61.5 ± 9.2 kg) were evaluated for %fat using four single-frequency (50 mHz) BIA devices and DXA. A gender …

An Overview Of Assessment Methodology For Obesity-Related Variables In Infants At Risk, Danae Dinkel, Corrine Hanson, Karsten Koehler, Ann Anderson Berry, Anastasia Kyvelidou, Matthew Bice, Jill Wallen, Danstan Bagenda, Laura Jana, Jana Pressler

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Background: The first 2 years of a child’s life are a particularly critical time period for obesity prevention.

Aim: An increasing amount of research across the world is aimed at understanding factors that impact early childhood obesity and developing interventions that target these factors effectively. With this growing interest, new and interdisciplinary research teams are developing to meet this research need. Due to rapid growth velocity during this phase of the lifespan, typical assessments used in older populations may not be valid or applicable in infants, and investigators need to be aware of the pros and cons of …

Validity Of The Bottle Buoyancy Model For Body Fat Determination, Cherie Pettitt, Kalvin Danzl, Lauren M. Glorvigen, Cody J. Strom, Thomas A. Inkrott, Robert W. Pettitt

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 87-96, 2017. We investigated a modification of the bottle buoyancy (BB) method in comparison to single frequency, bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) as a valid noninvasive method of percent body fat (%BF) determination. Twenty-eight participants (15 men, 13 women), in counterbalanced-order, completed the BB, BIA, and computerized hydrostatic densitometry (HD) methods. We elected to modify the BB method using a 12.15 L container with participants hugging the container in an upright position. Consistency measures of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error (TE), coefficient of variation (CV) and total error of measurement (TEM) are reported. Our …

The Effect Of Skinfold On The Assessment Of The Mean Power Frequency At The Fatigue Threshold, Alyssandra N. Baniqued,, Jorge M. Zuniga, Thomas C. Strunc, Katie M. Keenan, Agrini K. Boken, Jeff J. Anderson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 376-383, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine if the amount of subcutaneous tissue over the quadriceps affects the assessment of mean power frequency at the fatigue threshold (MPF_FT). It was hypothesized that greater skinfold values will result in lower power outputs associated to the MPF_FT. Fourteen adults (Mean ± SD age = 20.7 ± 0.99; body weight = 72.8 ± 12.6 kg) performed an incremental cycle ergometry test to exhaustion while surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were measured from the vastus lateralis. The skinfold thickness of each leg …

The Effect Of Skinfold On The Assessment Of The Mean Power Frequency At The Fatigue Threshold, Alyssandra N. Baniqued, Jorge M. Zuniga, Thomas C. Strunc, Katie M. Keenan, Agrini K. Boken, Jeffrey J. Anderson

Journal Articles

The purpose of this study was to determine if the amount of subcutaneous tissue over the quadriceps affects the assessment of mean power frequency at the fatigue threshold (MPFFT). It was hypothesized that greater skinfold values will result in lower power outputs associated to the MPFFT. Fourteen adults (Mean ± SD age = 20.7 ± 0.99; body weight = 72.8 ± 12.6 kg) performed an incremental cycle ergometry test to exhaustion while surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were measured from the vastus lateralis. The skinfold thickness of each leg was taken prior to the test, and skinfold thicknesses were separated into …

Systematic Review Of The Relationships Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity And Health Indicators In School-Aged Children And Youth, Veronica Joan Poitras, Casey Ellen Gray, Michael M. Borghese, Valerie Carson, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Ian Janssen, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Russell R. Pate, Sarah Connor Gorber, Michelle E. Kho, Margaret Sampson, Mark S. Tremblay

Faculty Publications

Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is essential for disease prevention and health promotion. Emerging evidence suggests other intensities of physical activity (PA), including light-intensity activity (LPA), may also be important, but there has been no rigorous evaluation of the evidence. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between objectively measured PA (total and all intensities) and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Online databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies that met the a priori inclusion criteria: population (apparently healthy, aged 5–17 years), intervention/exposure/comparator (volumes, durations, frequencies, intensities, and patterns of objectively measured PA), and outcome (body …

Increasing Lean Mass And Strength: A Comparison Of High Frequency Strength Training To Low Frequency Strength Training, Michael Thomas, Steve Burns

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 159-167, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect strength training frequency has on improvements in lean mass and strength. Participants were 7 women and 12 men, age ( = 34.64 years ± 6.91 years), with strength training experience, training age ( = 51.16 months ± 39.02 months). Participants were assigned to one of two groups to equal baseline group demographics. High frequency training group (HFT) trained each muscle group as the agonist, 3 times per week, exercising with 3 sets per muscle group per session (3 total body workouts). Low …

Effects Of Whole Body Vibration Training On Body Composition, Skeletal Muscle Strength, And Cardiovascular Health, Song-Young Park, Won-Mok Son, Oh-Sung Kwon

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Whole body vibration training (WBVT) has been used as a supplement to conventional exercise training such as resistance exercise training to improve skeletal muscle strength, specifically, in rehabilitation field. Recently, this exercise modality has been utilized by cardiovascular studies to examine whether WBVT can be a useful exercise modality to improve cardiovascular health. These studies reported that WBVT has not only beneficial effects on muscular strength but also cardiovascular health in elderly and disease population. However, its mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of WBVT in cardiovascular health has not been well documented. Therefore, this review highlighted the impacts of WBVT …

Reliability Of Bod Pod Measurements Remain High Following A Short Duration Low-Carbohydrate Diet, Beau K. Greer, Kathleen M. Edsall (Alumna), Anna E. Greer

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether expected changes in body weight via a three day low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet will disrupt the reliability of air displacement plethysmography measurements via BOD POD. Twenty-four subjects recorded their typical diets for three days prior to BOD POD and seven-site skinfold analyses. Subjects were matched for lean body mass and divided into low-CHO (LC) and control (CON) groups. The LC group was given instruction intended to prevent over 50 grams/day of carbohydrate consumption for three consecutive days, while the CON group replicated their previously recorded diet. Body composition measurements were repeated …

Association Of Physical Activity To The Risk Of Obesity In Adults With Physical Disabilities, Masaru Teramoto, Timothy J. Bungum, Gerald E. Landwer, Dale R. Wagner

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Adults with physical disabilities have an increased risk of obesity. Physical activity is essential to maintaining healthy weight; meanwhile, it is not fully understood how much physical activity is needed in order to decrease the risk of obesity for this population. This paper discusses the association of physical activity to the risk of obesity in adults with physical disabilities. Body Mass Index (BMI) and percent Body Fat (%BF; measure of body composition) are commonly used for determining the prevalence of obesity. Physical activity can help to achieve and maintain optimal BMI and %BF regardless of the presence of physical disabilities. …

Does Upper Extremity Training Influence Body Composition After Spinal Cord Injury?, Justin A. Fisher, Meredith A. Mcnelis, Ashraf S. Gorgey, David R. Dolbow, Lance L. Goetz

Kinesiology and Health Sciences Publications

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to serious body composition adaptations characterized by increasing whole body fat mass and decreased soft tissue lean mass (LM). These adaptations in body composition may lead to several cardio-metabolic disorders that reduce the quality of life, increase patients’ and caregivers’ burden and eventually leads to mortality. Exercise, an appropriate dietary regimen, and an active lifestyle may alleviate several of the negative effects on body composition after a SCI. Today however, there is no established consensus on the recommended dose, frequency or type of exercise to ameliorate several of the body composition sequelae after an acute …

Lean Body Mass Associated With Upper Body Strength In Healthy Older Adults While Higher Body Fat Limits Lower Extremity Performance And Endurance, Karen Charlton, Marijka Batterham, Kelly Langford, Jenna Lateo, Erin Brock, Karen Walton, Philipa Lyons-Wall, Katie Eisenhauer, Nick Green, Cameron Mclean

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Impaired strength adversely influences an older person’s ability to perform activities of daily living. A cross-sectional study of 117 independently living men and women (age = 73.4 ± 9.4 year; body mass index (BMI) = 27.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2) aimed to assess the association between body composition and: (1) upper body strength (handgrip strength, HGS); (2) lower extremity performance (timed up and go (TUG) and sit to stand test (STS)); and (3) endurance (6-minute walk (SMWT). Body composition (% fat; lean body mass (LBM)) was assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Habitual physical activity was measured using the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical …

A Randomized Controlled Trial To Study The Effects Of Breakfast On Energy Intake, Physical Activity, And Body Fat In Women, Gabrielle Marie Lecheminant

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of eating breakfast on energy intake, physical activity, body weight, and body fat in women who were nonhabitual breakfast eaters over a one-month period. METHODS: We tested 49 premenopausal, nonhabitual breakfast-eating women to compare the effects of eating breakfast versus not eating breakfast. Each participant was randomized to one of two conditions: breakfast or no breakfast. Breakfast eaters were required to eat within an hour and a half of awakening and had to be finished eating their breakfast meal by 8:30 A.M. Non-breakfast eaters were defined as not consuming …

Relationship Of Dna Methylation With Cardiovascular Fitness And Body Composition, Mihaela A. Ciulei

Honors College Theses

Global DNA Methylation (GDM), an epigenomic modification has been linked to the development of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. Our focus was to identify potential relationships between epigenetic alterations and both cardiovascular fitness and body composition measures. Purpose: As increases in aerobic fitness have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease, one purpose was to determine if a relationship was evident between global DNA methylation and VO2max. A secondary purpose was to determine if the relationship extends to body composition measured via Dual X-ray Absorbtometry (DXA). Methods: Fifty-two (male n=25, female n=27) subjects provided a blood sample for DNA …

Effects Of Exercise On Bmi Z-Score In Overweight And Obese Children And Adolescents: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis, George A. Kelley, Kristi S. Kelley, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Background: Overweight and obesity are major public health problems in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the effects of exercise (aerobic, strength or both) on body mass index (BMI) z-score in overweight and obese children and adolescents.

Methods: Studies were included if they were randomized controlled exercise intervention trials ≥ 4 weeks in overweight and obese children and adolescents 2 to 18 years of age, published in any language between 1990–2012 and in which data were available for BMI z-score. Studies were retrieved by searching eleven electronic databases, …

The Effects Of Decaffeinated Green Tea Extract On Body Composition And Estimated Vo2max, Wendy Martinez

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Green tea is rich in antioxidant polyphenols such as catechins and flavonols, and it is also composed of caffeine. The extract of tea is said to have some vasodilator effects which can have cardiovascular benefits, and it is also said to reduce body fat by means of fat oxidation. Many studies have been done using regular green tea on the body as opposed to decaffeinated green tea which solely contains polyphenols. PURPOSE: The purpose of this research study is to observe and record the effects decaffeinated green tea extract pills have on body composition and estimated VO2Max when taken …

Differences In Body Composition Of Female Soccer Players At Different Positions, Emily Davis

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Percent body fat (%BF) can be measured in many ways. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is one accepted way. This uses the relation of fat mass to lean mass in the body. A low level electrical current is sent through the body. The flow of the current is affected by the amount of water in the body. Body mass index (BMI) is another way to measure body composition. BMI is calculated by using the equation weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Waist to hip ratio is also a measurement that can be used for body composition. This …

The Relationship Among Ankle Function, Functional Capacity, And Body Composition To Balance In Geriatric Populations, Joseph Robert Chaney

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The primary purpose of this research study was to identify significant relationships among measures of ankle strength, ankle range of motion, body composition, and functional capacity to balance ability in geriatric populations which may potentially assist in identifying older individuals with increased risk of falling. A battery of five test (ankle strength assessments, ankle range of motion , DXA, functional fitness, and balance) were administered to 20 participants (6 males, 14 females, mean age 69.78 ± 3.98) that had indicated to be at least 65 years of age or older and no history of falls within the previous 12 months. …

Preseason And Post Season Body Composition Does Not Change Relative To Playing Time In Division I Female Basketball Players, Emma Ladwig, Andrew L. Shim, Jae P. Yom, Patrick Cross, Justin Beebe

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(3) : 208-216, 2013. The purpose of the study was to determine if preseason and postseason body fat percentages (BF%) change relative to playing time in Division I women’s basketball players. Subjects for the study included 11 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I female collegiate basketball athletes over the age of 18 from a Midwest public university. Demographic data of each subject (age 20.09 +1.81 yrs., weight 71.13 +10.85 kg., height 176.48 + 8.33 cm.) was taken before the initial body fat assessment. The subjects underwent preseason and postseason BOD POD^® testing to …

Evaluation Of A Circumference-Based Prediction Equation To Assess Body Composition Changes In Men, John M. Schuna Jr, Sarah J. Hilgers-Greterman, Trista L. Manikowske, Jared M. Tucker, Gary Liguori

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(3) : 188-198, 2013. This study evaluated the validity of the current U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) circumference-based prediction equation for males to detect body composition changes in comparison to air-displacement plethysmography (ADP). Body composition was assessed using ADP and the DOD equation at the beginning and end of an academic school year among 21 male (18-29 years-old) Army ROTC cadets. Body mass significantly increased (+1.8 Kg) after 9 months. Significant method by time interactions for percent body fat (percent body fat), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass were found (p = 0.022, p …

Will Trained Crossfit Athletes Continue To See Fitness Benefits Or Will They Plateau?, Kacey Smith

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Crossfit training is defined as constantly varied functional movements performed at relatively high intensity. Research has shown drastic gains in fitness when using a constantly varied approach to training as well as training at high intensities for short durations.

Eight Weeks Of Supplementation With A Multi-Ingredient Weight Loss Product Enhances Body Composition, Reduces Hip And Waist Girth, And Increases Energy Levels In Overweight Men And Women, Hector L. Lopez, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Jennifer E. Hofheins, Scott M. Habowski, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Joseph P. Weir, Arny A. Ferrando

Faculty Publications

Background: Numerous natural products are marketed and sold claiming to decrease body weight and fat, but few undergo finished product-specific research demonstrating their safety and efficacy.Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of a multi-ingredient supplement containing primarily raspberry ketone, caffeine, capsaicin, garlic, ginger and Citrus aurantium (Prograde Metabolism™ [METABO]) as an adjunct to an eight-week weight loss program.Methods: Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design, 70 obese but otherwise healthy subjects were randomly assigned to METABO or a placebo and underwent 8 weeks of daily supplementation, a calorie restricted diet, and exercise training. Subjects were tested for changes in body …