Kinesiology Commons^™

Surf Lifeguard Perceptions And Practice Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Cpr), Kevin Moran, Jonathon Webber

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

While the importance of lifeguards in providing immediate and effective basic life support (BLS) in drowning has been well reported, not a lot is known about how lifeguards perceive the relative value of CPR as a lifeguard skill, their training in it, and the likelihood of resuscitation being successful. A self-complete questionnaire was completed by 252 volunteer surf lifeguards at 16 surf beaches in the Greater Auckland,NZ region. Results show that most lifeguards (65%) had received training in the 3 months before the survey, 83% were willing to perform CPR, few (9%) had used CPR in an emergency, and many …

Frontal Joint Dynamics When Initiating Stair Ascent From A Walk Versus A Stand, Srikant Vallabhajosula, Jenna M. Yentes, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Ascending stairs is a challenging activity of daily living for many populations. Frontal plane joint dynamics are critical to understand the mechanisms involved in stair ascension as they contribute to both propulsion and medio-lateral stability. However, previous research is limited to understanding these dynamics while initiating stair ascent from a stand. We investigated if initiating stair ascent from a walk with a comfortable self-selected speed could affect the frontal plane lower-extremity joint moments and powers as compared to initiating stair ascent from a stand and if this difference would exist at consecutive ipsilateral steps on the stairs. Kinematics data using …

Do Lower-Extremity Joint Dynamics Change When Stair Negotiation Is Initiated With A Self-Selected Comfortable Gait Speed?, Srikant Vallabhajosula, Jenna M. Yentes, Mira Momcilovic, Daniel Blanke, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Previous research on the biomechanics of stair negotiation has ignored the effect of the approaching speed. We examined if initiating stair ascent with a comfortable self-selected speed can affect the lower-extremity joint moments and powers as compared to initiating stair ascent directly in front of the stairs. Healthy young adults ascended a custom-built staircase instrumented with force platforms. Kinematics and kinetics data were collected simultaneously for two conditions: starting from farther away and starting in front of the stairs and analyzed at the first and second ipsilateral steps. Results showed that for the first step, participants produced greater peak knee …

Wearing A Safety Harness During Treadmill Walking Influences Lower Extremity Kinematics Mainly Through Changes In Ankle Regularity And Local Stability, Leslie M. Decker, Fabien Cignetti, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Background: Wearing a harness during treadmill walking ensures the subject’s safety and is common practice in biomedical engineering research. However, the extent to which such practice influences gait is unknown. This study investigated harness-related changes in gait patterns, as evaluated from lower extremity kinematics during treadmill walking.

Findings: Healthy subjects (n = 10) walked on a treadmill at their preferred speed for 3 minutes with and without wearing a harness (LiteGait®, Mobility Research, Inc.). In the former condition, no weight support was provided to the subjects. Lower extremity kinematics was assessed in the sagittal plane from the mean (meanRoM), standard …

Individuals With Non-Specific Low Back Pain Use A Trunk Stiffening Strategy To Maintain Upright Posture, Stephanie L. Jones, Sharon M. Henry, Christine C. Raasch, Juvena R. Hitt, Janice Y. Bunn

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

There is increasing evidence that individuals with non-specific low back pain (LBP) have altered movement coordination. However, the relationship of this neuromotor impairment to recurrent pain episodes is unknown. To assess coordination while minimizing the confounding influences of pain we characterized automatic postural responses to multi-directional support surface translations in individuals with a history of LBP who were not in an active episode of their pain. Twenty subjects with and 21 subjects without non-specific LBP stood on a platform that was translated unexpectedly in 12 directions. Net joint torques of the ankles, knees, hips, and trunk in the frontal and …

Isokinetic Knee And Hip Torque In Ncaa Division I Female Soccer Athletes, Kelly A. Brooks, Samantha L. Clark

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of isokinetic knee and hip torque to various physiological characteristics and soccer-specific variables, such as kick velocity (KV) and body fat percentage (BF%) specifically in female collegiate soccer players. METHODS: Anthropometric data was collected on 22 division I female soccer players. Maximum strength, explosive lower body power, agility, acceleration, speed, and aerobic power were tested. Anthropometric data was collected on age, height, weight, and body composition. Body composition was assessed using the Jackson-Pollock 3- Site Skinfold Formula procedure using the Lange skinfold calipers. A one repetition max (1-RM) squat …

Injuries And Physical Limitations In Division I Female Collegiate Athletes, Kelly A. Brooks

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The NCAA conducted research regarding incidence of injury among collegiate sports teams from 1988 to 2004. Although this study was comprehensive, more research is needed about female athletes, especially on major and chronic injuries and the limitations they pose on athletes in both the present and the future. PURPOSE: To compare the incidence of injury and current physical limitations between women’s soccer, volleyball, and softball. METHODS: A survey was given to 44 Division I female soccer, volleyball, and softball athletes to inquire about injury status and physical limitations. Minor and major injuries, as well as those requiring surgery were specified …

Baseball Pitching Biomechanics, Pitch Velocity, And Body Position During An Intrasquad Game, Kelly A. Brooks

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: To observe changes over each inning in body position, pitch velocity, and joint angle during baseball pitching of an intrasquad game. METHODS: Six Division I intercollegiate baseball pitchers volunteered to wear a Zephyr BioHarness during an intrasquad game while a high-speed camera captured their pitching performance. The BioHarness device records several variables, including body position and acceleration. The pitcher’s performance was analyzed with Dartfish software. The trunk, elbow, glenohumeral joint, and knee were examined while pitching from the stretch. RESULTS: Five pitchers each completed five innings, and one completed six. The pitchers averaged 15.7 pitches per inning. Based on …

Physiological Monitoring Of The Cardiovascular System During A One-Rep Max Bench Press Using The Zephyr Bioharness, Kelly A. Brooks, Kyle T. Craven

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While much is known about the muscular and neurological responses in the body during a one rep max (1RM) bench press test, there is little research regarding the cardiovascular response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological response, specifically in the cardiopulmonary system, during 1RM testing in real-time using the Zephyr Bioharness. Thirty college undergraduates who were enrolled in beginning weight training for three months were asked to wear a BioHarness device during a 1RM bench test. Individual 1RM was found one week prior to test. Prior to testing, subjects followed a standardized warm-up and protocol to …

Comparison Of The Ymca Cycle Sub-Maximal Vo2 Max Test To A Treadmill Vo2 Max Test, Jeremy G. Carter, Kelly A. Brooks, Joshua R. Sparks

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: An individual’s maximum capacity to extract, transport, and utilize oxygen is reflected by their VO2 max (10,22). Numerous physiological factors affect a person’s maximal oxygen consumption. A person’s VO2 max is dependent on their pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems, which depends on their ventilation-aeration efficiency, central and peripheral blood flow, and metabolism of their active muscles (13,17). The six factors that have the most influence on a person’s maximal aerobic power are heredity, state of training, gender, body size and composition, age, and the mode of the exercise (16). A person’s VO2 max is the gold standard of assessing …

Energy Expenditure And Economy During A Cycle Ergometer Test, Elizabeth L. Franklin, Richard G. Crise, Kelly A. Brooks

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Research has shown that submaximal cycle ergometer testing presents a reduced V02 max score when compared to that of the treadmill test. In this study, we compared a submaximal economy test on the Monark Cycle Ergometer. The purpose of this study was for each participant to perform the same test and compare economy, V02 ml/kg/min for a given workload, as well as calories burned between males and females during the nine minute test. By testing economy for each participant, we aim to determine whether males or females use oxygen more efficiently during testing. Before beginning the test, the Cosmed metabolic …

Emg Analysis And Motor Unit Recruitment In The Rectus Femoris Of College Students, Richard G. Crise, Elizabeth L. Franklin, Kelly A. Brooks

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The rectus femoris works as part of the quadriceps muscle group to provide the force needed to generate very explosive movements during knee extension. Because many sports require explosive movements from the lower body, many strength coaches implement exercise routines that strengthen the muscles and prevent injuries. In the general population, activities using knee extension are essential in getting the full benefit of a designed exercise program. Muscle fibers provide the contractile force needed to accomplish a movement. Commonly, a deficiency is present in people who tend to favor one leg more than the other during activity. This is due …

Physiological And Perceptual Responses To Nintendo® Wii Fit™ In Young And Older Adults, Nicole M. Mullins, Kathryn A. Tessmer, Michele L. Mccarroll, Brian P. Peppel

International Journal of Exercise Science

Physically active video gaming (AVG) provides a technologically-modern, convenient means of increasing physical activity (PA). This study examined cardiovascular, metabolic, and perceptual responses in young adult (AP) and older adult (OP) participants engaging in Wii Fitä AVG play, and compared PA levels during play to recommended PA levels. Heart rate (HR), percent heart rate reserve (%HRR), oxygen consumption (VO₂), energy expenditure (EE), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), enjoyment level (EL), and step count data were obtained from 10 YP and 10 OP during 15 minutes of rest and four 15-minute bouts of Wii Fitä activities (yoga, balance, aerobics, …

Self-Estimation Of Body Fat Is More Accurate In College-Age Males Compared To Females, Halley L. Hancock, Alan P. Jung, John K. Petrella

International Journal of Exercise Science

Objective: To determine the effect of gender on the ability to accurately estimate one’s own body fat percentage. Participants: Fifty-five college-age males and 99 college-age females Methods: Participants estimated their own body fat percent before having their body composition measured using a BOD POD. Participants also completed a modified Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS). Results: Estimated body fat was significantly lower compared to measured body fat percent in females (26.8±5.6% vs. 30.2±7.0%, p<0.001) but not in males (16.8±6.8% vs. 18.1±8.3%, p=0.09). The mean difference between estimated and measured body fat was significantly higher for females compared to males (p<0.001). There was a moderate, significant correlation found between measured body fat percent and SPAS score for males (r=0.331, p=0.014) and females (r=.427, p<0.001). Conclusions: Males estimated their body fat percent more accurately than females. Despite these findings, 62% of males and 76% of females underestimated their body fat.

Experimentally Manipulated Somatic Information And Somatization Tendencies And Their Impact On Physical Symptom Reporting And Performance In A Physically Strenuous Task, Kathleen V. Casto, Len B. Lecci

International Journal of Exercise Science

This study attempts to determine whether the presentation of an experimentally manipulated somatic experience during a physically strenuous task can influence physical performance and symptom reporting. The study also compares the relative influence of experimentally manipulated somatic information (state somatization) with stable individual differences in the tendency to amplify physical symptoms (trait somatization) on performance and symptom reporting. 194 participants completed standardized measures of somatization tendencies, state anxiety, neuroticism and conscientiousness. Participants where then given a mock physical exam, with individuals randomly assigned to receive either favorable or unfavorable somatic information. All participants then had their body mass index assessed …

Caffeine And Sprint Performance In Habitual And Caffeine Naive Participants, J. Bradley Jordan, Richard S. Farley, Jennifer L. Caputo

International Journal of Exercise Science

Caffeine is thought to provide ergogenic benefits during endurance performance. However, there is limited research on the effects of caffeine on anaerobic sports performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 6 mg·kg_-1 of caffeine on repeated sprint performance. The sample included active college students (N = 18), classified as habitual caffeine or caffeine naïve users. Participants completed a 12 x 30-m sprint test with 35 s rest intervals between sprints. Ratings of Perceived Exertion were collected every 3rd sprint. Height and body mass were measured and participants accommodated to the sprint test on …

Effects Of Carbohydrate-Protein Ingestion Post-Resistance Training In Male Rugby Players, Colin J. Coyle Msc, Bernard Donne, Nick J. Mahony

International Journal of Exercise Science

Evidence suggests that carbohydrate-protein (CHO-PRO) drinks post-exercise are an advantageous nutritional recovery intervention. Resistance trained (n = 14, mean ± SD; age 19 ± 1 yr, mass 95 ± 9 kg, % fat 17 ± 4 % and BMI 28.5 ± 1.8 kg.m^-2) male rugby players participated in a study investigating effects of carbohydrate (CHO) and CHO-PRO drinks on subsequent resistance exercise performance. Following an initial resistance training (RT) protocol consisting of 8 circuits of 5 discrete exercises at 10 repetition maximum (RM), participants received 10 mL.kg^-1 BM of randomised sports drink (LCHO, HCHO and CHO-PRO) on …

The Effects Of Muscle Mass On Homocyst(E)Ine Levels In Plasma And Urine, M. René Malinow, Craig L. Lister, Carl De Crée

International Journal of Exercise Science

The present study was designed to examine the relationship between homocyst(e)ine (H[e]) lev-els and muscle mass. Two experimental groups each of 24 Caucasian males, one consisting of higher-muscle mass subjects (HMM) and the other of lower-muscle mass subjects (LMM) par-ticipated in this study. Muscle mass was estimated from 24-hour urine collections of creatinine (Crt). Muscle mass was 40.3 ± 15.9 kg in HMM and 37.2 ± 11.4 kg in LMM (P= 0.002). Mean plasma H(e) levels in HMM were 10.29 ± 2.9 nmol/mL, and in LMM were 10.02 ± 2.4 nmol/L (Not significant, [NS]). Urinary H(e) levels (UH[e]) were 9.95 …

Stability Ball Sitting Versus Chair Sitting During Sub-Maximal Arm Ergometry, Charles R.C Marks, Kristina E. Hylland, Jacob Terrell

International Journal of Exercise Science

Purpose: It was predicted that sitting on a stability ball during arm ergometry would elevate cardiovascular parameters when compared to sitting on a chair and that this would be associated with greater recruitment of trunk and leg skeletal muscles. Methods: Open-circuit spirometry, video taping, blood pressure, heart rate, and EMG were conducted during rest and four minute stages of 15 W, 30 W, and 45 W using a Monark arm ergometer. Twenty-six apparently healthy adults exercised twice, once sitting on a stability ball and the other sitting on a chair (order randomized), with 45 to 60 minutes of rest between. …

Fitnessgram® Friday: A Middle School Physical Activity And Fitness Intervention, Tinker D. Murray, James Eldridge, Pete Silvius, Erik Silvius, William G. Squires Jr.

International Journal of Exercise Science

Texas Senate Bill 530 (2007) mandated fitness assessment as part of the annual K-8 Physical Education (PE) curricula, yet no studies have reported interventions designed to improve and quantify individual student passing rates or individual school performance. Students (Total 2008-2010 N=1484; 729 females, 755 males; mean age = 11.85 y; mean BMI = 22.69 or > 90%-tile, overweight) were evaluated on individual FITNESSGRAM® performances in a cross-sectional analysis of 6th graders comparing baseline scores (year 1) with outcomes of a physical activity intervention in years 2 and 3. Students participated in regular PE classes (including campus wellness center activities) with a …

The International Journal Of Exercise Science: 2011 Year In Review, T. Scott Lyons, Jenny Hutchens, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

The International Journal of Exercise Science: 2011 Year in Review

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids, Robert D. Kersey, Diane L. Elliot, Linn Goldberg, Gen Kanayama, James E. Leone, Mike Pavlovich, Harrison G. Pope

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

Objective: This manuscript summarizes the best available scholarly evidence related to anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) as a reference for health care professionals, including athletic trainers, educators, and interested others.

Background: Health care professionals associated with sports or exercise should understand and be prepared to educate others about AAS. These synthetic, testosteronebased derivatives are widely abused by athletes and nonathletes to gain athletic performance advantages, develop their physiques, and improve their body image. Although AAS can be ergogenic, their abuse may lead to numerous negative health effects.

Recommendations: Abusers of AAS often rely on questionable information sources. Sports medicine professionals can therefore …

Faith And Masculinity: A Discussion On Raising Awareness And Promoting Cancer Screening Among Latino Men, Michael J. Rovito, James E. Leone

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

Males may experience several barriers to seeking health care, including unfamiliarity with procedures (e.g. colonoscopy), stigma and fear of a given health issue, perceived breach of masculinity (machismo), and fear of feeling vulnerable. Evidence suggests church-based interventions are an effective way to strengthen the connection between promotional message content and participant conceptualization of the risks and benefits of health screenings. However, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating such effectiveness in men’s health, and there is even more of a dearth of research focusing on Latinos. This discussion presents trends from a series of 4 community-based seminars during the 2010-2011 …

Zero To Eighty Degrees: Six Years And What We Have Learned [Abstract], Karla Drury, Elizabeth Ginger, Christina Sinclair, Tia Ziegler

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Self-Reported Efficacy On Clinical Skill Performance, Linda Bobo, Amanda A. Benson, Michael Green

Faculty Publications

Context: Self-efficacy can enhance an individual's perception of their ability to perform a challenging task. Objective: To determine whether repeated performance of a skill would improve students' self-efficacy across a range of academic classifications. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Graduate and undergraduate professional athletic training education programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education. Participants: Twenty-seven athletic training students (sophomores, n = 10; juniors, n = 10; graduate, n = 7). Intervention: We assessed participants within one day of performing a psychomotor clinical skill (PCS) of joint mobilizations or an upper quarter screen before (PCS1) and after (PCS2) …

Acute Effects Of Antagonist Stretching On Jump Height, Torque, And Electromyography Of Agonist Musculature, John B. Sandberg, Dale R. Wagner, Jeffrey Willardson, Gerald Aparecido Smith

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Although there has been substantial research on the acute effects of static stretching on subsequent force and power development, the outcome after stretching of the antagonist musculature has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of static stretching of antagonist musculature on multiple strength and power measures. Sixteen trained men were tested for vertical jump height and isokinetic peak torque production during knee extension at 60°.s (SlowKE) and 300°.s (FastKE). Electromyography was recorded for the vastus lateralis and the biceps femoris muscles during isokinetic knee extension. Subjects performed these tests in a randomized counterbalanced …

Feather Biomechanics Of Penguins And Other Seabirds, Katherine Elizabeth Johnson

Theses Digitization Project

Although many aspects of penguin biology have been studied, the feathers have received less attention except with regard to thermoregulation. The biomechanics of penguin feathers are the focus of this thesis. By studying penguins in comparison to other wing-propelled aquatic fliers, it may be possible to understand how penguin feathers evolved. Fourteen species were sampled, including aerial flyers, aerial flyers that are also wing propelled divers, as well as flightless wing propelled divers.

An Eccentric Intervention Of The Flexor-Pronator Mass To Impact Overhead Throwing Distance And Velocity, Ricker Stanton Adkins

Online Theses and Dissertations

This study focused on the pronator-flexor mass of the elbow and its role in the overhead throwing motion. This specific muscle group is responsible for primary pronation and flexion at the elbow joint, while also reducing valgus stress from compromising the ulnar collateral ligament.

Twenty-three participants were put through a short throwing progression that was focused on their velocity and overall distance thrown from a standing position. After baseline testing was completed participants underwent a short intervention to determine if the intervention would impact all dependent variables. Experimental and non-experimental groups were compared using a repeated measures ANOVA which found …

Ua1f Wku Physical Education & Recreation Department, Wku Archives

WKU Administration Documents

Bibliography of newspaper articles and primary resources regarding the WKU Physical Education & Recreation Department.

Create A Classroom That Moves!, Marietta Orlowski, Kevin Lorson, Anna F. Lyon, Susan Minoughan, Kathleen Call, Kelly Rice

School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty Publications

The base of Create a Classroom that Moves! is grade-level nutrition lessons that align to select Common Core State Standards in English Language Arts and the National Health Education Standards. The three-lesson units are geared for the busy elementary classroom teacher who would like to integrate nutrition and physical activity into the classroom. Teachers are supported through easy-to-read fact sheets, and ready-to-go assessments and handouts. The following grade-level health behavior outcomes are shaped:

Kindergarten - Eat a variety of healthy foods.

Grade 1 - Eat foods from the five food categories of MyPlate.

Grade 2 - Eat a variety of …