Kinesiology Commons^™

Active V. Passive Recovery: The Most Effective Level Relative To Swimming Performance, Kassie Krusely, Scott Mclean, Jimmy Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

To examine the effects of active recovery at two levels of intensity, as compared to passive recovery, on subsequent performance. Four male (height, 174.4 ± 8.1 cm; body mass, 73.5 ± 5.6 kg) and five female (height, 164.1 ± 7.9 cm; body mass, 65.0 ± 4.9 kg) members of a collegiate swim team participated in this study. All participants completed three randomly assigned experimental sessions that consisted of a 100-yd maximal-effort swim (TT1) followed by a 10 min recovery period at a specified intensity, and a subsequent 100-yard maximal effort swim (TT2). The PAS recovery condition involved passively resting on …

The Effects Of An Obesogenic Diet On Liver Oxysterol Metabolism In C57bl/6j Mice, Joshua S. Wooten, Huaizhu Wu, Joe L. Raya, Amir Mansoori, Xiao-Yuan Dai Perrard, Jerry Perrard, Ron C. Hoogeveen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Oxysterols are key regulators of lipid metabolism and play a role in the etiology of atherosclerosis; however, our current understanding of tissue levels of oxysterols during different disease states such as obesity is limited. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of obesity induced by a high fat-cholesterol (HFC) diet on liver oxysterol metabolism. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a standard control diet (5.0% w/w fat, 0.03% w/w chol) or a HFC (21.0% w/w fat, 0.15% w/w chol) diet for 24 weeks. Comparisons between dietary groups were made with independent sample t-tests. Total body mass and …

Predictors Of Employee Adherence To Worksite Weight Loss Exercise And Nutrition Program, Brittany Crim, John Bartholomew

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: Worksite wellness programs (WWP) are becoming a popular means of addressing the obesity epidemic due to their convenience and potential benefit to insurance costs. Unfortunately, few have been evaluated. GET FIT (GF) is a theory-based, worksite exercise and nutrition program that is designed to prevent and treat obesity. Purpose: Adherence is the primary predictor of success to a weight loss program. This study was designed to identify predictors of: adherence to GF; and weight loss in conjunction with GF. Methods: Data was collected for 175 participants (n = 133 female). The mean age was 44.21 yrs. (+/-12.04). Body weight …

The Effect Of Short And Long Recovery Periods On The Contribution Of Oxidative Processes To Energy Expenditure During Multiple Bouts Of Supramaximal Exercise, Eric C. Olson, Kenneth V. Christensen, Adam Jajtner, Jen Copeland, Matt Unthank, Joel B. Mitchell

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Effect of Short and Long Recovery Periods on the Contribution of Oxidative Processes to Energy Expenditure During Multiple Bouts of Supramaximal Exercise

Olson, E. (undergraduate), Christensen, K., Jajtner, A., Copeland, J., Unthank, M., and Mitchell, J. Exercise Physiology Lab, Texas Christian University, Ft. Worth, TX.

The contribution of oxidative energy production to multiple sprint exercises is of interest due to implications for the training needs of people engaging in anaerobic activities. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short and long active recovery durations on oxidative and anaerobic contributions to energy output during maximal …

Effects Of Multiple Bouts Of Long-Duration Hindlimb Unloading And Recovery On Rat Plantaris Muscle, Emily E. Jaroszewski, Kevin L. Shimkus, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Harry A. Hogan, James D. Fluckey

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exposure to microgravity results in a rapid reduction of muscle mass. However, few studies exist designed to examine the effects of multiple long-term exposures to microgravity with alternating recovery periods on skeletal muscle. To determine what happens to the recovery of skeletal muscle when faced with subsequent unloading and recovery periods. Male Sprague-Dawley (6 mo) were assigned to the following groups as shown in figure 1 below: 28d hindlimb unloading (1HU), 28d HU session followed by a 56d recovery bout of normal cage ambulation at 1g (1HU+REC), 2 cycles of 28d HU with a 56d recovery period between unloadings (2HU), …

Artificial Sweetener Sensing In The Human Mouth And Effect On Exercise Performance, James Mock

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Many studies have suggested that oral rinsing of a sweet carbohydrate can positively affect exercise performance by stimulating reward centers in the brain. However, few studies have been performed which compared the effects of a sweet carbohydrate with a sweet artificial sweetener. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a sweet carbohydrate rinse, an artificial sweetener rinse, and a water rinse on exercise performance. Eight college students completed a ten-minute trial ride and were able to perform significantly more work when rinsing with the carbohydrate or artificial sweetener rinses (Total work= 116.63 (20.3) kJ p=0.003, 117.04 …

Physical, Cardiovascular, & Metabolic Effects Of Non-Exercise Weighted Vest Training, Mattie A. Mccain, Scott P. Mclean Phd, Jimmy C. Smith Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The high prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyle contribute to the growing burden of health care costs, incidence of disease, and mortality, making a lifestyle that includes regular physical activity increasingly important. Low intensity resistance training has been studied as a possible intervention to increase physical activity in inactive individuals. Purpose: To determine the effects of a weighted vest treatment (WV) on steady state VO2, O2 deficit, VO2max, body mass index (BMI), and resting blood pressure (RBP). Methods: Fourteen college age women participated in a 4 week trial and completed both pre and posttest evaluations. These evaluations included a …

Effects Of Aging On Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation In Cerebral Arteries, Amanda De Jong, Landon Evans, Elisa Boyd, Scott A. Spier

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) decreases with aging. This reduction may be due to a diminished endothelium-dependent vasodilation in large cerebral arteries with aging in the absence of disease. The posterior communicating arteries (PCoA) supply blood flow to the midbrain areas where age-related regional decreases in blood flow have been observed. Furthermore, the PCoA appear to be clinically relevant in age-related cerebrovascular disorders. However, age-related changes in the vasoreactivity of PCoA have not been investigated in the absence of disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aging on endothelium-dependent vasodilation of PCoA in rats. Posterior …

Vitamin D Status Relative To Diet, Lifestyle, Injury, And Illness In College Athletes, Tanya M. Halliday, Nikki J. Peterson, Joi J. Thomas, Kent Kleppinger, Bruce W. Hollis, D. Enette Larson-Meyer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in the general population; however, there is much to be learned about the vitamin D status of athletes. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to assess the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in collegiate athletes and to determine whether 25(OH)D concentrations are related to vitamin D intake, sun exposure, body composition, and risk for illness or athletic injury. Methods: 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations were measured in 41 athletes (18 men/23 women, 12 indoor/29 outdoor athletes) throughout the academic year. Dietary intake and lifestyle habits were assessed via questionnaire, bone density was measured by dual …

Ros-Mediated Localization Of Caveolin-3 In The Sarcolemma During Short-Term Mechanical Unloading, Jeff M. Hord, Mary Kunst, Kumar Joshi, Yang Lee, Daniel A. Martinez, John M. Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The dystroglycan complex (DGC) is a latticework of cell membrane proteins that provide a mechanical link to the cytoskeleton and initiate cell signaling that provides integrity, regulates protein turnover, stimulates growth, etc. Caveolin-3 has been identified as a muscle-specific isoform of the caveolin family of proteins, and in skeletal muscle, caveolin-3 is localized in caveolae within the sarcolemma. Evidence from Duchenne and Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies suggests the involvement of caveolin-3 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the disruption of the DGC and thus myopathy. We examined ROS as upstream activators of caveolin-3 sarcolemmal localization in skeletal muscle during disuse atrophy. …

Effect Of Text Messaging And Cellphone Use On A Multi-Sensory Tracking Task, John-Paul Connell, Carla Brown, Chelsey Hannah, Shane Huff, Dr. Scott Marzilli

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

This experiment studied subjects’ performance on a continuous multisensory tracking task. Different theories suggest that there is a decrease in performance due to attentional capacity; furthermore, talking or texting on a mobile phone will negatively affect task performance. Twenty-four college-age students were recruited to be tested on the Biodex Balance System SD with the texting condition, talking on a mobile phone condition, and control condition. Results showed that text messaging while performing a continuous multisensory tracking task negatively affected performance. There was no significant difference, however, between the control condition and talking on a mobile phone while completing the task. …

Communicator, Feb. 2011, San Jose State University, Department Of Kinesiology

Communicator (Kinesiology)

Volume 23, Issue 3

The Influence Of Visual Perception Of Self-Motion On Locomotor Adaptation To Unilateral Limb Loading, Mukul Mukherjee, K.-C. Siu, Dimitrios Kastavelis, Pierre B. Fayad, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Self-perception of motion through visual stimulation may be important for adapting to locomotor conditions. Unilateral limb loading is a locomotor condition that can improve stability and reduce abnormal limb movement. In the present study, the authors investigated the effect of self-perception of motion through virtual reality (VR) on adaptation to unilateral limb loading. Healthy young adults, assigned to either a VR or a non-VR group, walked on a treadmill in the following 3 locomotor task periods—no load, loaded, and load removed. Subjects in the VR group viewed a virtual corridor during treadmill walking. Exposure to VR reduced cadence and muscle …

Approximate Entropy Used To Assess Sitting Postural Sway Of Infants With Developmental Delay, Joan E. Deffeyes, Regina T. Harbourne, Wayne A. Stuberg, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Infant sitting postural sway provides a window into motor development at an early age. The approximate entropy, a measure of randomness, in the postural sway was used to assess developmental delay, as occurs in cerebral palsy. Parameters used for the calculation of approximate entropy were investigated, and approximate entropy of postural sway in early sitting was found to be lower for infants with developmental delay in the anterior–posterior axis, but not in the medial–lateral axis. Spectral analysis showed higher frequency features in the postural sway of early sitting of infants with typical development, suggesting a faster control mechanism is active …

Velocity At Lactate Threshold And Running Economy Must Also Be Considered Along With Maximal Oxygen Uptake When Testing Elite Soccer Players During Preseason, Giorgos Ziogas, Kostas Patras, Nikolaos Stergiou, Anastasios D. Georgoulis

Journal Articles

Velocity at lactate threshold and running economy must also be considered along with maximal oxygen uptake when testing elite soccer players during preseason. J Strength Cond Res 25(2): 414-419, 2011-Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o₂max) has been traditionally used to explain physiologic differences among soccer teams of different ranking. However, other endurance markers may have greater discriminatory ability. The purpose of this study was to examine whether velocity at lactate threshold and running economy can be used to better discriminate endurance characteristics of soccer teams of different levels along with V̇o₂max during preseason testing. One hundred twenty-nine professional …

Multiple Sclerosis Affects The Frequency Content In The Vertical Ground Reaction Forces During Walking, Shane R. Wurdeman, Jessie M. Huisinga, Mary Filipi, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Background: Multiple sclerosis is a progressive neurological disease that results in a high incident of gait disturbance. Exploring the frequency content of the ground reaction forces generated during walking may provide additional insights to gait in patients with multiple sclerosis that could lead to specific tools for differential diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the frequency content of these forces in an effort to contribute to improved clinical management of this disease.

Methods: Eighteen patients and eighteen healthy controls walked across a 10 meter long walkway. The anterior–posterior and vertical ground reaction forces generated …

Plasma Fetuin-A Concentrations In Young And Older High- And Low-Active Men, Nathan T. Jenkins, Jennifer A. Mckenzie, James M. Hagberg, Sarah Witkowski

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Fetuin-A is a liver-derived factor that may play a role in insulin resistance and age-related chronic diseases (eg, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular [CV] disease). Regular exercise improves CV risk and insulin sensitivity; however, it is unknown whether chronic exercise training is related to circulating levels of fetuin-A. Therefore, this study examined whether plasma fetuin-A levels were related to age and chronic physical activity in men. We hypothesized that chronic physical activity would be related to lower plasma fetuin-A levels in younger and older men. In healthy high-active (HI) and low-active (LO) young (HI, n = 7; LO, n …

Adiposity, Adult Weight Gain And Mammographic Breast Density In Us Chinese Women, Marilyn Tseng, Celia Byrne

Kinesiology and Public Health

The association of adiposity with dense tissue area in the breast is unclear, but suggests a mechanism by which adiposity might increase breast cancer risk. We examined associations of body mass index (BMI), usual BMI from age 20 to 29, waist circumference and adult weight gain with breast density in a sample of premenopausal United States Chinese immigrant women. Analyses included 415 participants in a longitudinal breast density study in Philadelphia. In addition to detailed questionnaire information, data collection included measures of anthropometry, and assessment of mammographic breast density using a computer-assisted method. We used multivariate linear regression to quantify …

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Safe Weight Loss And Maintenance Practices In Sport And Exercise, Paula Sammarone Turocy, Bernard F. Depalma, Craig A. Horswill, Kathleen M. Laquale, Thomas J. Martin, Arlette C. Perry, Marla J. Somova, Alan C. Utter

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

Objective: To present athletic trainers with recommendations for safe weight loss and weight maintenance practices for athletes and active clients and to provide athletes, clients, coaches, and parents with safe guidelines that will allow athletes and clients to achieve and maintain weight and body composition goals.

Background: Unsafe weight management practices can compromise athletic performance and negatively affect health. Athletes and clients often attempt to lose weight by not eating, limiting caloric or specific nutrients from the diet, engaging in pathogenic weight control behaviors, and restricting fluids. These people often respond to pressures of the sport or activity, coaches, peers, …

A Critical Examination Of The Curriculum Of Physical Education Teacher Education Doctoral Programs [Abstract], Phillip Ward, Melissa Parker, Sue Sutherland, Christina Sinclair

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

From Atheoretical To Motivation Theory-Based Youth Discretionary-Time Physical Activity Promotion: Current And Future Directions, Megan Babkes Stellino, Christina Sinclair

Faculty Publications

This article describes the importance of promoting children’s discretionary-time physical activity (DTPA) in connection with the rising international obesity epidemic. School based recess is highlighted as exemplar of an opportunity for children to obtain more DTPA. Brief review of the extant research focused on efforts to increase children’s recess physical activity (RPA) is provided. Literature from the field of sports psychology that has established a strong foundation of evidence regarding factors that increase youth motivation in various physical domain contexts will guide the proposed expansion to theoretical examination of predictors of youth DTPA. Three relevant motivation theory frameworks will be …

Knee Range Of Motion: Reliability And Agreement Of 3 Measurement Methods, Paul G. Peters, Michael A. Herbenick, Philip A. Anloague, Ronald J. Markert, L. Joseph Rubino

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

We conducted a study to compare 3 methods of measuring knee range of motion: visual estimation by physicians, hand goniometry by physical therapists, and radiographic goniometry. We hypothesized that reliability would be high within and across all techniques. We found intrarater and interrater reliability to be satisfactory for visual estimation, hand goniometry, and radiographic goniometry. Interrater reliability across methods did not agree satisfactorily. Between-methods differences in estimating knee range of motion may result from variations in technique among physicians and physical therapists.

A Comparison Of Two Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Programs In Females With Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Pilot Study, Betsy Donahoe-Fillmore, Wendy Chorny, C. Jayne Brahler, Ashley Ingley, Jennifer Kennedy, Valerie Osterfeld

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a condition affecting millions of Americans. Few studies have assessed the benefits of different exercises involved in pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT). Purposte: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a traditional PFMT program to an assisted pelvic floor muscle training (APFMT) program that included contraction of hip musculature.

Investigating The Associations Between Core Strength, Postural Control And Fine Motor Performance In Children, Rachel Burnett, Nicole Cornett, Gina Rekart, Betsy Donahoe-Fillmore, C. Jayne Brahler, Susan Aebker, Megan Kreill

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Study design: Quantitative design including statistical analysis.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine if there is an association between core strength, postural control, fine motor precision and integration, specifically in typical children in the first and third grades, ages 6-10. The secondary purpose of this study was to determine if there was an association between BMI and fine and gross motor ability in this same population.

Background: The relationship between core strength, postural control and fine motor skills in children is not well understood. The assumption that trunk stability and control are necessary for the maturation of …

Case Study On The Development Of The International Journal Of Exercise Science, Scott Lyons Ph.D.

Kinesiology, Recreation and Sport Faculty Publications

The International Journal of Exercise Science is a quarterly, online, open access publication dedicated to the dissemination of research in the areas of Exercise Science, Exercise Physiology, Human Performance, Kinesiology, and related disciplines. Dr. James W. Navalta and Dr. T. Scott Lyons (the author), both Associate Professors of Exercise Science at Western Kentucky University, are the founders of the International Journal of Exercise Science (IJES).

IJES is a student-focused journal, in that the editors are specifically seeking research that is led by graduate or undergraduate students. Manuscripts submitted by professionals (defined as those holding a terminal degree) are also gladly …

Strength And Hypertrophy Responses To Constant And Decreasing Rest Intervals In Trained Men Using Creatine Supplementation, Tacito P. Souza-Junior, Jeffrey M. Willardson, Richard Bloomer, Richard D. Leite, Steven J. Fleck, Paulo R. Oliveira, Robert Simao

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

The purpose of the current study was to compare strength and hypertrophy responses to resistance training programs that instituted constant rest intervals (CI) and decreasing rest intervals (DI) between sets over the course of eight weeks by trained men who supplemented with creatine monohydrate (CR).

Joy T. Desensi And Danny Rosenberg, Ethics And Morality In Sport Management, 3rd Edition, Chad R. Carlson

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Varying Rest Intervals Between Sets Of Assistance Exercises On Creatine Kinase And Lactate Dehydrogenase Responses, Marco Machado, Alexander J. Koch, Jeffrey Willardson, Luis Prereira, Isabel M. Cardoso, Michela Ks Motta, Rafael Prereira, Andre N. Monteiro

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Effect of varying rest intervals between sets of assistance exercises on creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase responses. J Strength Cond Res 25(5): 1339-1345, 2011-To examine the effects of different rest intervals between sets on serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, 10 men (age = 25.6 ± 2.2 years, height = 173.1 ± 7.1 cm, and body mass = 75.9 ± 10.0 kg) participated in a randomized within-subject design that involved 4 resistance exercise sessions. Each session consisted of 4 sets of 10 repetitions with 10 repetition maximum loads for the chest press, pullover, biceps curl, triceps extension, …

Is Training To Failure A Safe And Effective Method For Improving Athletic Performance?, Andy V. Khamoui, Jeffrey Willardson

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

TRAINING TO FAILURE IS A POPULAR TRAINING METHOD USED TO IMPROVE MUSCULAR STRENGTH, SIZE, AND ENDURANCE. AT THIS TIME, THE VALUE OF THIS TRAINING STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE IS A TOPIC OF CONSIDERABLE DEBATE. IN THIS COLUMN, THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND DETRIMENTS OF THIS TRAINING METHOD WILL BE PRESENTED.

Finite Element Reconstruction Of Real World Aortic Injury In Near-Side Lateral Automotive Crashes With Conceptual Countermeasures, Aditya Neelakanta Belwadi

Wayne State University Dissertations

Traumatic rupture of the aorta (TRA) remains the second most common cause of death associated with motor vehicle crashes after brain injury. On an average, nearly 8,000 people die annually in the United States due to blunt injury to the aorta. It is observed that more than 80% of occupants who suffer an aortic injury die at the scene due to exsanguination into the chest. With the advent of more accurate and established human body finite element (FE) models, FE crash reconstruction methods may become a valuable tool when assessing crash scenarios and occupant injury mechanisms.

The current study is …