Kinesiology Commons^™

Neuromuscular Responses Of The Vastus Lateralis To Slow Walking With Vascular Restriction., Robert Cardenas, Charity Cavazos, Jose A. Leal Jr., Yoshiaki Sato, Michael G. Bemben, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Motor unit recruitment of individual muscles could substantially differ with changes in speed and load. However, the recruitment patterns associated with low intensity walk training with vascular restriction at sustained loads and constant speed could be different than normal walking. Vascular restricted (VR) walk training is an effective method for increasing muscular strength; however the changes in motor unit recruitment and firing frequency have not been investigated to understand the mechanisms underlying the neuromuscular adaptations. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in electrical activity of the vastus lateralis during VR and non vascular restricted (non-VR) walking …

Comparison Of Two Back-Squat Training Protocols, Thomas A. Feild, Joe Priest Dr., Rod Cole

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction. Eccentric Overload Training (EOT) and Conventional Training (CT) both contain eccentric components, however EOT utilizes more weight on the bar than the lifter can use during concentric contractions. Previous studies have suggested that EOT may produce benefits beyond what is observed for CT. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the results of two different methods of strength training on one-repetition maximum (1-RM) back-squat (BkSq) and Hang Clean (HCl). Methods and Procedures. Ten collegiate male cheerleader athletes volunteered to participate in the study and performed 1-RM max back-squat prior to and following 13 weeks of training. Four …

The Effect Of Pedaling Cadence On The Kinetics Of Oxygen Uptake During Severe Intensity Exercise, Jennifer L. Sylvester, Samantha D. Burdette, David W. Hill, Jakob L. Vingren

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

During exhaustive severe intensity exercise, the oxygen uptake (VO2) increases exponentially, with a time constant of ~30 s. After ~1 to 2 min, a slow component emerges and drives the VO2 to its maximum. Pedaling cadence contributes to the metabolic demand at a given work rate and affects several responses to cycling exercise. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of pedaling cadence on parameters of the two-component VO2 response profile during severe intensity exercise. METHODS: Eight women (mean ± SD: age 22 ± 1 yr, height 161 ± 6 cm, and weight 58.8 ± 2.3 kg) and 10 men (age 23 …

Agreement Of Health Status Classification And Body Composition Differences In Asian Indian Students Upon Residence In The United States, Hina Garg, G. Richard Grimes, Nestor W. Sherman, Christopher M. Hearon, William W. Edwards

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity is one of the major health problems in the United States (U.S.). As Asian Indian students immigrate to the U.S., the effect of acculturation to the U.S. lifestyle is an area of concern. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) examine the health-risk status of Asian Indians with respect to agreement in classifications of percent body fat (PF) and body mass index (BMI), and 2) examine the effects of U.S. residence duration on body composition of Asian Indian college students. METHODS: Forty-two Asian Indian males and females were divided into two groups according to length of residence. …

The Effect Of Concurrent And Terminal Feedback On Vo2max, Mir Alikhan, Rachel M. Brown, Casey Carver, Cecilia Chavez, Kourtney Jones, Emily Krizmanic, T. Scott Marzilli, Amanda Pike, Mark Saroni, Janay Stradley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Concurrent feedback is the continuous provision of information regarding task performance given during the performance, while terminal feedback is the provision of this information only at the conclusion of the task. The following study examined performance on VO2max tests (VO2max, time to exhaustion, HR and RER) using these two types of feedback. Participants consisted of 14 males and 10 females with a mean age of 21.7 ± 2 years. Stratified random sampling was used to assign participants to either concurrent or terminal feedback. The two groups (n=12) were treated to a split-halves-transfer design upon completion of the first test. There …

Gender Related Differences In Stress And Health Outcomes In College Age Students, Michael Cedeno, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background and Purpose: Rates of obesity and metabolic disorders in young adults are becoming more prevalent in today’s society. To date, only a few investigators have compared the effect that stress may have on health and metabolic outcomes in college age adults. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between stress and cholesterol levels in male versus female college age students.

Methods: Thirty-six adults ages 20 to 27 participated in this study. Total blood cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, TC/HDL ratio, and glucose were measured one time using the Cholestech LDX® after either an overnight, or 4-hour fast. …

Dietary Intake In Ncaa Division Ia Football Players During The Off-Season, Kathryn M. Mccammon, Jonathan Oliver, Jonathan Tanguay, David Weir, Stephen Crouse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Off-season football player interaction with athletic personnel is limited and may result in the athletes’ diets not meeting current ACSM guidelines for macronutrient intake or recommendations for key micronutrients, having a negative impact on performance and health. Purpose: To examine the dietary intake of NCAA Division IA football players during the summer off-season to determine if ACSM nutrition guidelines were being met. Methods: Fifty-nine NCAA Division IA football players (20 ± 2 yrs, 186.7 ± 6.4 cm, 102.9 ± 18.5 kg) completed a 24 hour dietary recall administered by a Registered Dietitian. Recalls were obtained during the summer off-season when …

Profiles Of Coronary Artery Disease Risk In Cardiac Patients: Actual Versus Perceived, Julie A. Borsack, Steve Martin, Kathy L. Hill, Thomas Meade, Becky Braden, Ivan Pereira, Stephen F. Crouse, John S. Green

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: To describe interrelations and differences between actual vs. perceived cardiac risk in a cohort of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. METHODS: 33 females (HT: 164 cm, WT: 80kg) and 67 males (HT: 179 cm, WT: 93kg) with documented CAD completed a questionnaire designed to assess CAD risk perception. They also underwent assessments for all ACSM risk factors. Five-point Likert scale responses to the question “Compared to other persons of your own age and sex, how would you rate your risk of ever having a heart attack?” were used to quantify CAD risk perception. To quantify actual risk, the number …

Effect Of The Power Balance® Band On Static Balance, Hamstring Flexibility, And Arm Strength In Adults, Princessjoy Verdan, Geanina Barna, Anntionette Roquemore, Brad Fenter, T. Scott Marzilli

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Power Balance® bands on strength, flexibility, and balance. Strength and flexibility were measured using the MicroFit system. Strength was measured via a bicep curl and flexibility via a sit-and-reach. Balance was measured by the BIODEX System SD. There were four different conditions for the balance test: eyes open on a firm surface (EOFS), eyes closed on a firm surface (ECFS), eyes open on a foam surface (EOFoS), and eyes closed on a foam surface (ECFoS). There were 24 subjects used (10 males and 14 females). A counterbalance, double-blind, placebo, …

Comparison Of Two Types Of Mouse Running Wheels., Greeshma S. Prabhu, David Ferguson, Dr.Timothy Lightfoot

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Voluntary wheel running of mice has been used as a measure of physical activity in a multitude of studies. The aim of this study was to validate low profile wireless running wheels (Med Associates Inc.) against solid-surface, traditionally-mounted vertical running wheels. All animal procedures were approved by the Texas A &M IACUC. Eleven week old female C57BL/6J mice (Jackson Labs, Bar Harbor, ME) were randomly assigned to either vertical running wheels (n=5) or low profile running wheels (n=5). Daily distance run was monitored for 12 days following initial wheel orientation exposure. Average daily distance run by the mice was not …

Short-Term Reduction In Energy Availability Does Not Impair Exercise-Induced Gains In Bone Formation Rate, Kaleigh A. Camp, Sibyl N. Swift, Elizabeth S. Greene, Florence Lima, Susan A. Bloomfield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Reduced energy availability (EA, defined as total energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure) can induce significant bone loss in humans and in rodents, but this effect may vary with exercise status. Purpose: This study focused on the effects of graded reductions in EA achieved with and without exercise on mid-shaft tibia cortical bone. We hypothesized that markers of bone formation would be reduced with 4 weeks of decreased EA, but these reductions would be mitigated in exercising animals. Methods: After 8 weeks of acclimation to AIN-93M purified diet, 5 mo-old virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=72) were randomized in to sedentary …

Changes In Power Output In Ncaa Football Linemen During Competitive Season, Quentin C. Posey, Joe W. Priest

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Changes in Power Output in NCAA Football Linemen During Competitive Season.

Posey, Q., R. Cole, and J. Priest, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX 76402

Introduction

Measuring power is a practice currently being developed by researchers. An available tool is the TENDO Weightlifting Analyzer (TWA). Although the TWA is a common research tool, there is little published research. The purpose of this study is to analyze OL and DL power output during in-season football.

Methods

Experimental Approach

Seventeen NCAA division II football players in the Lone Start Conference were monitored during organized in-season weight training workouts. TWA measured and recorded their …

Effect Of Exercise Training On Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation In Cerebral Arteries, Elisa Boyd, Landon Evans, Amanda De Jong, Scott A. Spier

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Endothelial function and expression of endothlelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) have been shown to increase with exercise training in the peripheral vasculature. However, the effect of exercise training on endothelial function in the cerebral vasculature is poorly understood. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise training on endothelium-dependent vasodilation of large cerebral arteries. METHODS: Three-month-old male Fischer 344 rats were assigned to either a sedentary (SED, n=4) or exercise-trained (ET, n=4) group. ET rats ran on a motorized rodent treadmill 60 min/day at 15 m/min (15 incline), 5 d/wk for 10 wk. Posterior communicating …

Impact Of Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Administration Pre- Or Post-Resistance Training On Bone, David A. Cunningham, Kaleigh Camp, Evelyn Yuen, Stuart Solomon, Harry Hogan, Susan Bloomfield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to suppress bone formation when administered before, but not if administered after, an acute bout of mechanical load. The effects of giving NSAIDs pre- and post-resistance training over multiple training sessions are not yet well defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of NSAIDs when administered pre and post simulated resistance training (SRT) in a small animal model. We hypothesize that gains in bone mass and increased bone size will be diminished in adult rats given ibuprofen before each training session, but will be enhanced if ibuprofen is …

Lipid Profiles Of American Collegiate Football Athletes In Response To Fall Preseason Camp, Dustin Joubert, Stephen F. Crouse, Jonathan M. Oliver, Steven E. Martin, Justin Dobson, Steven E. Riechman, J.P. Bramhall, John S. Green, David Weir, Jon Tanguay

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Recent studies show former football athletes, especially football linemen, to be at increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, the lipid profiles of American NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) players in response to sport participation are currently unknown. PURPOSE: To quantify the effects of participation in fall preseason football training camp on the blood lipid profiles in NCAA FBS athletes. METHODS: Seated venous blood samples were drawn in the morning after an overnight fast from 51 football players (age = 20 ± 2 yr, weight = 232.8 ± 40.8 lb, height = 73.9 ± 2.6 in) and analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), …

Effects Of Acl Reconstruction Surgery On Vertical Jump, Grayson R. Lewis, Megan Hardy, Jessica Odom

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common injuries involving lower extremities among athletes. Due to the severity of the injury and the invasive procedure in reconstructing the ligament, ACL injuries can have a significant impact on muscular strength, flexibility, and endurance. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in ground reaction force (GRF) between lower extremities of subjects who have undergone unilateral ACL reconstructive surgery. Of particular interest is the subjects’ predisposal to future injuries resulting from significant disparities of produced forces between lower extremities and, consequently, the resulting disruption of the body’s kinetic …

A Comparison Of Hypertrophy Potential Between The Vastus Lateralis And Rectus Femoris During Level Walking In Combination With Vascular Restriction., Jose A. Leal Jr., Charity Cavazos, Robert Cardenas, Yoshiaki Sato, Bemben G. Michael, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Recent research has found that by compressing blood flow to working muscle during lower body exercise involving short bouts of walk training results in an increased muscle volume and improved quadriceps strength. However, the effects of vascular restriction (VR) during walking on neuromuscular adaptations as assessed by electromyography (EMG) activity may provide insight on how low intensity training with vascular restriction can be applied to various modes of exercise. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore and compare muscle activation changes of the quadriceps muscles during walking using EMG with and without blood flow restriction. METHODS: EMG electrodes …

Aquatic Treadmill Running Reduces Muscle Soreness Following Intense Sprint Exercise In Trained Men, Brad S. Lambert, Charles R. Hewitt, Craig M. Lowrie, Melissa C. Milner, John S. Green, Stephen F. Crouse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Delayed onset muscle soreness is associated with muscle damage, disturbances in proprioception, and decreases in muscular power. The purpose was to determine if short duration aquatic treadmill (ATM) running reduces muscle soreness following intense sprint exercise in trained men. Twenty trained men (180.3±4.4cm, 86.3±5.8kg, 20±1yr) were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: ATM recovery (ATMRec) and passive recovery (PRec). During testing, subjects performed a warm-up followed by sixteen 110yrd cutback runs with a sprint of 60yrds, sharp change of direction, and a return sprint of 50yrds. Work to rest ratio was set at 1:3. Additionally, following exercise, the ATMRec …

Intra-And Inter-Reliability Of Lower Extremity Muscle Strength Measurements Using A Hand-Held Dynamometer With And Without A Stabilization Strap, Emerenciana S. Ferro

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title: Intra-and inter-reliability of lower extremity muscle strength measurements using a hand-held dynamometer with and without a stabilization strap

Authors: Emerenciana Ferro (PhD student); Dr. Elaine Trudelle-Jackson, Angie McQueary Chris Huff, and Jami Thomas

Texas Woman’s University

Purpose/Hypothesis: Study’s purposes: 1) determine the intra-and inter-tester reliability of the HHD with and without a stabilization strap for measuring quadriceps and hamstring strength, and 2) compare quadriceps and hamstring strength values obtained using a HHD with and without a stabilization strap. We hypothesized that intra- and inter-tester reliability would be improved with a strap, and muscle strength measured with a strap would …

Exercise Prior To Pregnancy Enhances The Suppressive Function Of Tregs In Offspring In A Mouse Model Of Asthma, Hawley E. Kunz, Lydia Montes, Thomas W. Lowder

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subset of T cells responsible for peripheral tolerance and the mediation of inappropriate immune responses, such as those seen in asthma and allergy. Our lab is interested in the role that exercise plays in Treg responses. Using a mouse model of asthma, we have shown that exercise increases both the number and suppressive function of Tregs. It has been shown that exposing nursing dams to allergens confers protection against airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation (trademarks of asthma) in pups exposed to the same allergen. In the present study, we wanted to determine if the …

Using The Para To Evaluate Physical Activity Resource Attributes In Houston And Austin, Tx, Heather J. Adamus, Scherezade K. Mama, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Many adults do not achieve recommended levels of physical activity (PA), and ecologic models suggest that environmental factors such as physical activity resources (PARs) may influence PA participation. Attributes of PARs, such as accessibility, features, amenities and incivilities, are related to PA. The Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) is an environmental audit tool to assess the type, size, accessibility, incivilities, amenities and features of a PAR. Using the PARA to explore how incivilities and quality of features and amenities differ by location, size or accessibility is an essential step in understanding which attributes influence PA. The purpose of this study …

Physical Activity Frequency, Independent Of Volume, Is Directly Associated With C-Reactive Protein: Nhanes 2003 – 2006, Geoffrey Whitfield, William Kraus, Harold W. Kohl Iii

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Physical activity (PA) has shown consistent positive effects on cardiovascular risk, yet the individual contributions of frequency, intensity and duration remain unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the associations between objectively-measured PA frequency and cardiometabolic risk factors, independent of total PA volume.

Methods: Data were analyzed for 5,549 adults with at least four valid days of accelerometry from the 2003 – 2006 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Meeting PA guidelines was defined as 150+ minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA per week, accumulated in 10+ minute bouts. Frequency was defined as the number …

Effect Of Soccer Positions On Steps Taken Per Game, Melissa E. Mcquade

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Soccer players are conditioned to run just as hard the first five minutes of the game compared to the last five minutes of the game. Different positions on the field tend to require more effort than others. Knowledge of the vast difference in game-time activity from one position to the next can greatly improve performance within their dedicated position. Very little research has been conducted on the amount of steps taken by a soccer player at their specific position. The purpose was to compare the effect of soccer position on steps taken per game. It is hypothesized that there will …

The Age At Which Children Improve The Most In The 50 Yard Freestyle, Paul Lickteig

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

As of late there are no studies looking at what age swimmers have the greatest improvements. The early teenage years do see a significant increase in aerobic performances when exercise is introduced properly. The purpose of this study is to determine at what age swimmers improve the most. The USA Swimming website was accessed using http://www.usaswimming.org and the section of the website titled “Swimmers,” was selected, then “Times/Time Standards” was selected on the left hand side of the screen to search through swimmer results for any time period and any age. Data was copied into an Excel file, the ordered …

Childhood Overweight Is Associated With Increased Monocyte Concentration And Altered Subset Distribution, Whitney L. Breslin, Craig A. Johnston, Kelley Strohacker, Katie C. Carpenter, Tiffany Davidson, Jennette Palic, Brian K. Mcfarlin, John P. Foreyt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Childhood obesity rates have nearly tripled in the last 30 years. Obesity increases risk for chronic disease. While monocytes, cells of the innate immune system that are altered with obesity, are purported to play an integral role in the development of these chronic diseases, no research has focused on early phenotypic changes in monocytes of overweight children. Two monocytes subsets exist, classic and pro-inflammatory; alterations in number and distribution may be implicated in disease development in obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the concentration and relative distribution of monocytes among “normal weight” (N=66) and “at risk for …

Effect Of Hsv-1 Infection On The Exercise-Induced Mobilization Of T-Cell Subsets, Emily C.P. Lavoy, J. Austin Bigley, Mark R. Morrison, Guillaume Spielmann, Jerrald L. Rector, Richard J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Acute exercise mobilizes highly-differentiated memory and senescent T-cells into the blood compartment, which could have important implications for post-exercise immune surveillance. This response differs in individuals with latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (a herpesvirus), but it is unknown if other latent herpesviruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), also influence this exercise-induced immune response. As HSV-1 infects 50% of the US population, this could have implications for many athletes. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of an acute bout of exercise on the frequency and relative proportion of naïve, memory, and senescent T-cells in the peripheral blood in HSV-1 infected …

The Effectiveness Of The Critical Power Model On Prescribing Elements Of Intermittent Exercise, Patrick G. Keenan, Scott P. Mclean, Jimmy Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Intermittent exercise is a valuable method of training, consisting of numerous interrelated factors. The critical power model has been used to administer interval training programs; however, it has not been used to accurately prescribe elements of intermittent exercise. PURPOSE: This study aimed to use individual critical power models to prescribe elements of intermittent exercise. METHODS: Ten male athletes, mean (sd) age and mass 19.6 (1.4) years and 77.8 (8.1) kg performed three phases of testing on a cycle ergometer: 1) familiarization, one learning trial to establish a starting point for subsequent tests; 2) establishment of individual W/t relationship from [Eq …

The Effect Of Kipping On The Performance Of A Pull-Up, John D. Prater, Jimmy Smith, Scott P. Mclean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The high prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyle contribute to the growing burden of health care costs, incidence of disease, and mortality, making a lifestyle that includes regular physical activity increasingly important. Low intensity resistance training has been studied as a possible intervention to increase physical activity in inactive individuals. To determine the effects of a weighted vest treatment (WV) on steady state VO2, O2 deficit, VO2max, body mass index (BMI), and resting blood pressure (RBP). Fourteen college age women participated in a 4 week trial and completed both pre and posttest evaluations. These evaluations included a submaximal exercise bout, …

Effect Of Adopting An External Focus On The Acquisition Of A Motor Sequence, Katherine Mcdonald

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction. Numerous factors make the acquisition of choreography difficult for students, however, contemporary motor learning theory offers insight into tools instructors can use to make the process of acquisition less frustrating for students. Previous research suggests that for the purposes of acquiring skill at a single task, e.g., shooting a basketball, it is optimal for the student to adopt an external focus, rather than an internal focus or no focus at all. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of an external focus on the acquisition of a motor sequence. Methods. 18 university students were assigned …

Hemodynamics At Maximum Exercise And Exercise Recovery In Freshman Football Recruits At A Bcs School, Krystal Doughty, Steven Martin, Brad Lambert, Jon Oliver, David Wier, John Tanguay, Justin Dobson, Katie Mccammon, S.F Crouse Facsm, J.S. Green Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

To determine if blood pressures assessed during max exercise and exercise recovery differ in Freshman football player recruits classified according to body mass index categories (BMICAT). A group of 107 freshman football recruits (mean age=18.2yrs, mean height=187.2 cm, mean weight = 103.0 kg, mean BMI=27.4 kg/meters squared, mean percent fat= 18.3%.) underwent graded exercise testing on a treadmill. Height and weight were assessed and BMI was calculated as weight (kg) / height (m) squared. All 97 subjects were classified as either “normal weight”(NW) (N=38), “overweight” (OW)(N=41) or “obese” (OB)(N=28) according to the National Institutes of Health guidelines. Body fat percentage …