Kinesiology Commons^™

The Effect Of Breakfast On A Resistance Training Session And Response In Female Collegiate Athletes, Haley Roberts, Yvette Figueroa, Jennifer Bunn, Patrick Davis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(6): 591-609, 2025. Breakfast consumption has been shown to be an essential component to a healthy lifestyle in various populations, yet research in this area is limited among female athletes. This study aimed to examine the effect of breakfast consumption on collegiate female athletes during a resistance training session and their nutritional habits throughout the remainder of the day. Twenty-three female collegiate Division I athletes (basketball, volleyball, bowling, and soccer) during the offseason participated in this cross-over study. The study included three visits: baseline measures for heart rate (HR), blood glucose (BG), salivary cortisol (SC), …

Evolution Of Match Technical-Tactical Performance Indicators According To Age Category In Men's National Football Teams (World Cups 2003-2019), Sergio A. Caicedo-Parada, Enrique Ortega, Jose M. Palao

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(3): 575-590, 2025. Performance in football depends on different dynamic interactions between players that occur at technical, tactical, physical, psychological, or sociological levels. The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of match technical-tactical performance indicators according to age category in men's national football teams (U-17, U-20 and senior). A non-experimental retrospective observational design was used. Variables studied were ball possession, goal chances, shots off target, shots on target, corner kicks, effectiveness; goals, offsides, fouls committed, yellow cards, red cards, and second yellow cards. Data were drawn from 917 matches (195 senior, 369 …

The Effect Of Functional Training On Dynamic Knee Valgus Of Youth Soccer Players. A Pilot Study, Ole Tovar, Dóra Molnár, Badis Soussi, Ádám Uhlár, Tamás Horváth, Mira Ambrus

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(7): 561-574, 2025. Knee injuries are very common in soccer players. High loads on the knee during landing or changes of direction can lead to a valgus shift of the knee, known as Dynamic Knee Valgus (DKV). Many studies have shown that a large shift in DKV is a predisposing factor for knee injuries and disease, such as anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL), patellofemoral pain syndrome or osteoarthritis. Functional training could be a great tool to reduce DKV. Thus, in this pilot study, nine male youth soccer players (mean age: 16.4 ± 0.2 years) took …

A Descriptive Analysis Of The Current State Of Peace Officer Standards And Training Physical Fitness Requirements Across The Usa, Robert G. Lockie, Joseph Dulla

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(8): 543-560, 2025. Many law enforcement organizations are experiencing recruitment and retention challenges, of which physical fitness can be a factor. The study purpose was to collate information from Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) Commission staff in each USA state to document current fitness mandates and policies for recruits/officers. A 10-question survey was allocated to an appropriate representative from every state POST organization. The survey collected information regarding minimum state-mandated fitness standards for academy entry and exit; minimum state-mandated requirements for fitness programming, including safety plans; education/training requirements for fitness training instructors; and minimum …

Physiological And Biomechanical Responses To Indoor Cycling With And Without The Ability To Sway, Alina P. Swafford, James W. Navalta, Julia Freedman Silvernail, Nancy Lough, John A. Mercer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(7): 531-542, 2025. The purpose of this study was to understand whether or not physiological and biomechanical measures were influenced by cycling sway and intensity. Participants (n=13; 24.9±6.5 years; 1.7±0.1 m; 64.7±11.2 kg) completed two submaximal-effort cycling conditions using a stationary smart bike placed on a rocker board: 1) cycling with the rocker board set to allow sway (unblocked); 2) cycling with blocks placed in the rocker board to prevent sway (blocked). The order conditions were counterbalanced, and each condition was 12-mins. For each condition, four intensity levels were completed. Prior to testing, target power …

Effectiveness Of Exercise-Based Rehabilitation In Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Antonio De Vera Martín, Alberto Díaz Salazar, Isidro Miguel Martín Pérez, Sebastián Eustaquio Martín Pérez

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(5): 495-530, 2025. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a complex and debilitating disorder characterized by persistent fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairments. The global prevalence is estimated between 0.2% and 0.4%, affecting over 17 million individuals worldwide, with an estimated burden exceeding 40,000 cases in Spain. Despite the exploration of exercise-based rehabilitation as a therapeutic strategy, its clinical efficacy remains a subject of ongoing debate. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise-based rehabilitation relative to conventional treatments in improving functional capacity and alleviating fatigue among adults with CFS A systematic review and …

Enhancing Inclusivity In Sports: A Focus On Adaptive Synergy For Disabled Athletes, Lawrence W. Judge, Matt Moore, Aidan Biddle, Adam Smith, Donald L. Hoover

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(1): 470-494, 2025. Sport science serves many crucial functions in facilitating improvements in human performance, including advancing inclusivity. This may be realized through the conceptual framework of Adaptive Synergy, which integrates Adapted Physical Activity for athletes with physical disabilities while simultaneously optimizing athletic performance for all individuals. This paper introduces the Adaptive Synergy conceptual framework to sport science, applying this cross-disciplinary concept to biomechanics, exercise physiology, sport psychology, and neuroscience to more specific application of adaptive techniques and methods, which are essential to improving both accessibility and innovation in sports. Key areas of focus include …

The Impact Of Prenatal Yoga On Hip Mobility And Delivery Outcomes, Zoe Avery

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Yoga has been shown to decrease lumbar pain, improve maternal mental health, and improve delivery outcomes. While there are many well-established benefits of yoga, the mechanism by which yoga elicits these improvements is unclear. One potential mechanism that has not been studied is through improvements in hip mobility. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of prenatal yoga on hip mobility. The secondary aim was to determine the relationship between hip mobility and pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: Hip mobility via hip internal and external range of motion and hip flexor muscle length was measured in pregnant females …

Evaluation Of Valid Vo2max Criteria For Graded Exercise Testing In Cancer Survivors, Daniel Y.K. Shackelford, Jessica M. Brown, Rhianna N. Patel

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(5): 443-455, 2025. Cardiovascular fitness (VO_2max) predicts all-cause mortality and is vital to assess in cancer survivors (CS) for individualized exercise prescriptions. Metabolic carts confirm VO_2max with respiratory exchange ratio (RER) >1.10; other VO_2max criteria include ≤10 beats/minute of maximal predicted heart rate and/or a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of >8 on the Modified Borg Scale. Another suggested criterion is respiratory frequency (Rf) > 40 breaths per minute. These criteria are assumed applicable for all populations, but due to cancer-related toxicities, frequency and validity of traditional VO_2max criteria usage in …

Relationships Between Performance In The Frequency Speed Kick Test, Heart Rate Variability, And Body Composition In Amateur Muay Thai Fighters, Antonio Beira De Andrade Junior, Elena Marie Peixoto Ruthes De Andrade, Patrícia Dos Santos Vigário, Cesar Antonio Luchesa, João Eduardo De Azevedo Vieira, Igor Ramathur Telles De Jesus, Agnaldo Jose Lopes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(6): 428-442, 2025. In martial arts, heart rate variability (HRV) measurements can potentially be used to assess injury risk and susceptibility to fatigue. Muay Thai uses the Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT) to measure kick speed, but it is unknown whether better fitness results in improved autonomic function and body composition, which may affect athletic performance and recovery. We aimed to evaluate the correlations between FSKT, HRV, and body composition measures in amateur Muay Thai fighters. This is a cross-sectional study with 37 Muay Thai fighters. They underwent FSKT-10s and multiple FSKT to measure …

Erratum For Effect Of Chronotype On Sleep Quality In A Laboratory Setting, Brianna Harfmann, Natashia Swalve, John Mitrzyk, Alexander Montoye

International Journal of Exercise Science

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Palm Cooling On Repeat Sprint Ability Following A Fatigue Inducing Protocol In Collegiate Female Athletes, Ella Wrabley, Britta Lagerquist, Grace Smith, Rachel Jones, Madeline Mcneilly, Jeff Buxton, Hayden Gerhart, Phillip Prins

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(3): 415-426, 2025. Cooling glabrous skin sites, such as the palms, can mitigate core body temperature rise and delay fatigue during physical activity, potentially enhancing performance. However, research on palm cooling (PC) in female athletes remains limited, and existing devices are often costly or impractical. This study evaluated the effects of PC using a novel, cost-effective portable device on repeat sprint ability in female collegiate athletes after a fatiguing protocol. Twenty female athletes (age: 20.1±1.4 years; height: 166.7±6.9 cm; mass: 66.6±9.8 kg; BMI: 24.0±3.9 kg/m²; body fat: 24.9±4.6%) participated in a randomized crossover study. Sessions …

Age Of Anaerobic, Aerobic, And Skill-Based Olympic Athletes 1988 - 2024, Corban J. Ruiz, Iliana G. Hernandez, Edward K. Merritt

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(3): 404-414, 2025. The age at which athletes compete at a high-level provides understanding of human physiology, development, aging and skill refinement. The Olympics, with high-level performances across events with differing metabolic demands, provide unique data for analysis of optimal performance age given the type of performance required. The aim of this study was to classify Olympic events from 1988-2024 into aerobic, anaerobic, mixed, or skill, and compare male and female athlete ages in each classification. Events of maximal effort under 2-minutes duration were classified as anaerobic. Events longer than 5 minutes were classified as …

Does Body Mass Index Affect Postural Control In Adults?, Taylor Kruse, Andrew Shim, Ian Bonder

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(7): 394-403, 2025. Obese adults are faced with greater challenges to maintaining balance compared to their healthy-weight counterparts. Due in part to the ongoing national and global obesity epidemic, it’s imperative to identify if body mass index (BMI) could negatively affect postural control and balance. The purpose of this study was to determine if CoP scores displayed a significant relationship with BMI in healthy adults. Cross-sectional, archival data from 225 adults (40 males; 185 females; age 29.6 + 14.25 years; weight 77.95 + 21.33 kilograms [kg]; height 168.43 + 0.66 centimeters [cm]; BMI 27.52 + …

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Associated With Physical Fitness And Activity Levels: An Exploratory Study Of Us College Students, Keegan T. Peterson, Gabrielle Barraco, Jennifer Niessner, Melissa Rodgers, Melissa Bopp

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(8): 379-393, 2025. College students are a vulnerable population at risk of developing and/or experiencing poor physical fitness and insufficient physical activity (PA) levels, both associated with poor cardiometabolic health. Thus, this study assessed the association of physical fitness and domain-specific PA levels on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) among college students. A volunteer sample of students enrolled in general health and wellness courses at a large, Northeastern U.S. institution from Spring 2023 – Spring 2024 (n=1418, 69.0% male, 89.9% non-Hispanic White) completed an objective health assessment as part of a required course assignment. CMRFs (e.g., …

Comparative Effects Of Exercise And Glp-1 Ras On Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model: A Systematic Review, Sumera Afzal, Hira Attique Dr., Abdul Hameed Dr., Sumaira Imran Farooqui Prof.Dr, Sofia Amjad Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(6): 363-378, 2025. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a major health problem worldwide having life-threatening complications causing mortality and a rise in prevalence. Effective treatment strategies are vital for managing diabetes and its associated complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD), nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. This systematic review aims to evaluate effective treatment approaches, focusing on the comparative effects of exercise and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in T2D rat models. Current pharmacological therapies primarily target glycemic control and insulin sensitivity. However, there is a growing concern in non-traditional approaches that involve exercise and GLP-1 RAs for …

Shielding The Skull: Exploring The Influence Of Facial Protection, Impact Location And Neck Stiffness On Hockey Helmet Safety During A Linear Impact, Leigh Jeffries, Dr.Meilan Liu, Dr. Paolo Sanzo, Dr. Eryk Przysucha, Dr. Carlos Zerpa

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(7): 343-362, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/REVL1750 Originally designed to mitigate skull fractures and traumatic brain injuries in hockey players, hockey helmets have now become a critical focus for further research due to the rise in mild traumatic brain injuries. With the sport's evolution introducing stronger and faster players, new approaches that incorporate facial shielding in helmet technology and enhance athletes’ neck strength are needed to reduce concussion risks. This study pursued two primary objectives. Firstly, it sought to determine if a hockey helmet's stiffness fluctuated at different contact locations during static compression with the inclusion of facial …

Do Cheaters Prosper? Effect Of Externally Supplied Momentum During Resistance Training On Measures Of Upper Body Muscle Hypertrophy, Francesca Augustin, Jeff Nippard, Alec Pinero, Alysson Enes, Adam Mohan, Max Sapuppo, Max Coleman, Milo Wolf, Patroklos Androulakis Korakakis, Paul Swinton, Brad Schoenfeld

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(3): 329-342, 2025. Exercise technique, defined as the controlled execution of bodily movements to ensure an exercise effectively targets specific muscle groups while minimizing the risk of injury, is a resistance training (RT) variable frequently highlighted as critical to successful RT program outcomes, with proper technique suggested to play a role in maximizing muscle development. This study examined the effects of externally applied momentum on RT-induced muscular adaptations in the upper extremities. Thirty young adults were recruited to participate in a within-participant design, with one limb randomly allocated to perform biceps curls and triceps pushdowns …

Dark Chocolate Elevates Resting Energy Expenditure In Postmenopausal Women, Aubrey L. Johnson, Michael Webster

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(6): 316-328, 2025. Several recent reports have indicated positive health benefits of consuming (-)-epicatechin-rich cocoa products. Postmenopausal women are predisposed to reduced metabolism due to decreased levels and activity of the sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and estradiol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of dark chocolate consumption on resting and exercise metabolism in postmenopausal women. Using a randomized, double-blind design, 26 postmenopausal participants were assigned to a 30-day supplementation with 20-g per day of 72% dark chocolate (DC) or calorically matched white chocolate (WC). Before supplementation, participants underwent two control trials …

Perceived Changes In Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, And Stress During The Pandemic Predict Current Levels Of These Same Variables, Gretchen E. Elsey, Jessica L. Smith-Ricketts, David Kohan, Andrew Lepp, Jacob E. Barkley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(4): 306-315, 2025. The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions placed on daily life may have negatively impacted overall physical and psychological health as well as health behaviors such as decreased physical activity and increased sedentary behavior. It is important to understand if these potential changes during the pandemic may be predictive of current health behaviors where pandemic-related restrictions are no longer being implemented. This study aimed to assess the relationships between perceived changes in physical activity, sitting, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic to current measures of these same variables. In April 2022, participants …

The Effects Of Intermittent Sprint Training On Running Economy And Leg Stiffness In Highly Trained Runners, Drew Thibault, Connor Ellis, Garrett B. Toms, Allison Schaefer, David Titcomb

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(5): 290-305, 2025. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of once-weekly sprint training on running economy (RE) and leg stiffness (LS) in highly trained athletes (12 M, 13 F, mean age 24.8 ± 7.1). Participants were recruited based on weekly exercise volume (minimum 4 hours) and athletic ability calculated by World Athletics score (minimum 500). RE and LS were evaluated at three velocities before and after 12 weeks of once-weekly sprint training. On average, participants experienced a non-statistically significant improvement in RE (average percent change -2.0 ± 5.6%, -1.2 ± 5.2%, …

Treatment Related Exercise And Supportive Care Needs Of People Living With And Beyond Breast Cancer, Elise Legault, Dominique Matthys, Lise Gauvin, Isabelle Doré, Alain Steve Comtois Phd, François B. Tournoux Dr, Paula A. B. Ribeiro

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(5): 276-289, 2025. People living with and beyond breast cancer (LWBBC) experience different side effects relative to the type of medical treatments they received which may influence their needs for additional supportive care. Investigating people LWBBC’s needs according to treatment regimen may guide decision making about supportive care priorities. The study’s objectives were to identify individuals LWBBC’s needs for supportive care and to determine exercise program participation facilitators according to treatment type. A survey assessing the needs for supportive care and exercise facilitators was distributed on the Facebook pages of five non-profit Canadian cancer organizations …

Comparison Of A Low Load Eccentric Training Protocol And A Static Stretching Protocol On Hamstring Muscle Flexibility, Nancy Henderson, Haley Worst, Ryan Decarreau, Dixie Edalgo, Hunter Lewis, James Rowe

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(8): 263-274, 2025. The purpose of this study was to compare eccentric strengthening to static stretching for increasing hamstring flexibility. Sixty-three asymptomatic participants were recruited via convenience sampling. Nineteen participants did not meet the inclusion criteria, thus leaving 44 participants. Inclusion criteria included hamstring tightness defined using the passive knee extension test (PKE). Exclusion criteria included a history of any lower extremity injury, including hamstring injury, within the past 12 months. Participants were randomized into one of three groups: Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) eccentric group, static hamstring stretching, or control group. Hamstring flexibility was assessed, …

Learn By Doing: A Flipped Classroom Approach To Teaching Exercise Testing And Prescription, Zakkoyya H. Lewis

Educational Practices in Kinesiology

The purpose of this paper is to describe a case-study based flipped classroom approach for teaching exercise testing and prescription. The goal of this approach is to provide students with supervised “real world” experience while also exposing students to diverse populations (e.g. health, age, culture, employment, ability). Students will complete a client interview, conduct a complete fitness assessment included a graded exercise test, and develop an individualized exercise prescription. The flipped classroom is intended to be incorporated into an in-person advanced level course, ideally less than 20 students per section. Completion of an introductory level exercise testing and prescription course …

Effects Of A Sprint Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Stimulus On Discus Throw Performance In Collegiate Division I Throwers: A Pilot Study, Reagan Hulet, Mark Debeliso Phd, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(3): 251-262, 2025. No study has determined the impact a sprinting potentiating stimulus has on discus throwing performance in collegiate throwers. To test the hypothesis, that compared to a dynamic warm-up alone (DyWU), a dynamic warm-up with a multi-set sprinting potentiating stimulus (DyWU+SPR) would enhance discus throw performance. 12 NCAA Division I thrower athletes (18-25 year) randomly completed two sessions separated by at least 48 hours. One session involved a standardized dynamic warm-up (DyWU) and the other session involved a DyWU with multiple sets of a sprinting post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) stimulus (DyWU+SPR), with both …

Force And Gait Mechanics At Reduced Body Weight On A Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill, Julia Paige Phillips, Eesha Gudiseva, Silvio Polly Da Costa Valladao, Thomas Andre

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(7): 239-250, 2025. Lower body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPT) have gained increasing attention due to their potential applications in sports training, rehabilitation, and biomechanics research. However, there is limited understanding of how differing body weight percentages influence gait and force production. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between force and gait parameters at different body weight percentages on a LBPPT. Twenty-seven healthy participants completed a series of walking, jogging, and running trials at three different body weight conditions: 100%, 90%, and 75%. Gait parameters, including cadence, stride length, stance time, and ground reaction force, …

A Comparison Between The Traditional And Novel Isometric Mid-Thigh Methods And The Relationship To Countermovement Jump Performance, Meir Magal, Jay R. Hoffman, Matan Amitay

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 18(3): 226-238, 2025. The isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) test using the traditional bar grip (BAR) is a reliable and effective measure of strength performance in different populations. In addition, IMTP performance has been linked to jump performance. Recent research has shown that the pelvic belt (PEL) IMTP method produces higher absolute and relative peak force values than the Bar IMTP method. However, limited scientific data has examined the PEL IMTP method performance data and its relationship to dynamic strength and sports performance. The study aimed to provide a more robust comparison between the BAR and …

Equipping Exercise Science Students With Motivational Interviewing Skills For Real-World Client Interactions, Jessica A. Albers

Educational Practices in Kinesiology

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a widely recognized communication technique originally developed to treat addictive behaviors. Its application has expanded to various health domains, including exercise science, where it is used to enhance client motivation and adherence to health behaviors. However, despite its proven efficacy, exercise science students often struggle to see the relevance of MI to their future careers, particularly outside of roles focused on health coaching. This teaching and learning resource aims to bridge the gap between MI theory and its practical application for exercise science students. This resource aims to equip students with the communication tools necessary for …

Erratum For Recovery Effects Of Foam Rolling On Psychophysiological Responses In Thai National Male Ice Hockey Players

International Journal of Exercise Science

An erratum is being issued to an article published in 2023 in the International Journal of Exercise Science. The article is entitled “Recovery Effects of Foam Rolling on Psychophysiological Responses in Thai National Male Ice Hockey Players,”: 16(7): 1191-1204, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.70252/DJVQ6733

The initial publication listed the dates of the study as between May 2020 and August 2021.

The dates of the study were between May 2021 and August 2021.

Learn By Doing: A Cure Approach To Teaching Exercise Testing And Prescription, Zakkoyya H. Lewis

Educational Practices in Kinesiology

The purpose of this paper is to outline a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) for exercise testing and prescription. The CURE is a non-human research study aimed to evaluate whether readily available fitness applications (apps) follow the Frequency-Intensity- Time-Type (FITT) principle for exercise prescription. The CURE is intended to be incorporated into an in-person introductory level course over the final month of the term. Through the project, students will develop a research question and hypothesis, conduct a literature review of related research, appraise fitness apps, and congregate the results. The overall structure of the CURE is a mini-lecture from the …