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Articles 2311 - 2340 of 2356

Full-Text Articles in Kinesiology

Modeling Oxygen Uptake During V1 Treadmill Roller Skiing, Robert S. Bowen†, Randall L. Jensen‡, Jennifer M. Ryan†, Phillip B. Watts‡ Jan 2009

Modeling Oxygen Uptake During V1 Treadmill Roller Skiing, Robert S. Bowen†, Randall L. Jensen‡, Jennifer M. Ryan†, Phillip B. Watts‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

The use of regression equations to predict oxygen uptake in relation to speed, grade, power output, and anthropometric characteristics is common in cardiac rehabilitation and athlete fitness testing. Research has suggested that sport specific testing improves the reliability of the test methodology and is appropriate for the development of effective training programs. This study focused on the development of a cross-country skiing specific predictor of maximal oxygen uptake based on treadmill speed, treadmill grade, gender, and body mass. This project simulated snow skiing on a large research treadmill using roller skis. A small sample size (N = 34) warranted the …

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Exercise Bouts At Three Different Intensities Fail To Potentiate Concentric Power, Chad A. Cabrera†, Jacobo Morales‡, Felicia Greer‡, Robert W. Pettitt‡ Jan 2009

Exercise Bouts At Three Different Intensities Fail To Potentiate Concentric Power, Chad A. Cabrera†, Jacobo Morales‡, Felicia Greer‡, Robert W. Pettitt‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Postactivation potentiation (PAP) has been hypothesized previously to occur during voluntary, concentric actions. We tested the hypothesis that one of at least three different intensities of conditioning exercises would evoke potentiation of power during the concentric, bench press throw (BPT). Twelve men (age = 22.9 &#; 2.7 years, bench press 1 repetition maximum (1RM) = 1.20 ± 0.12 kg•kg-1 body weight) completed five isotonic conditioning presses at ~55, 70, and 86% 1RM, in counterbalanced order, and on separate days. Average and peak power of the BPT using a load of 55% 1RM along with surface electromyography (EMG) of the triceps …

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Influence Of Body Composition, Oral Contraceptive Use, And Physical Activity On Bone Mineral Density In Premenopausal Women, Vanessa D. Sherk†, Clint D. Howard†, Michael G. Bemben‡, Debra A. Bemben‡ Jan 2009

Influence Of Body Composition, Oral Contraceptive Use, And Physical Activity On Bone Mineral Density In Premenopausal Women, Vanessa D. Sherk†, Clint D. Howard†, Michael G. Bemben‡, Debra A. Bemben‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

In premenopausal women, low bone density may reflect attainment of a lower peak bone mass which can increase risk of osteoporosis after menopause. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between total body, lumbar spine, and proximal femur bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition and oral contraceptive (OC) use in 18-30 year old women. Sixty-five healthy women, split into groups of oral contraceptive users (OC, n = 36) and non oral contraceptive users (Non-OC, n = 29), completed Baecke physical activity, calcium intake, and menstrual history questionnaires. Total body, AP lumbar spine, and dual proximal femur …

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Comparison Of Body Composition Measurements Using A New Caliper, Two Established Calipers, Hydrostatic Weighing, And Bodpod, Erin E. Talbert*, Michael G. Flynn‡, Jeffrey W. Bell†, Andres E. Carrillo†, Marquita D. Dill†, Christiania N. Christensen*, Colleen M. Thompson† Jan 2009

Comparison Of Body Composition Measurements Using A New Caliper, Two Established Calipers, Hydrostatic Weighing, And Bodpod, Erin E. Talbert*, Michael G. Flynn‡, Jeffrey W. Bell†, Andres E. Carrillo†, Marquita D. Dill†, Christiania N. Christensen*, Colleen M. Thompson†

International Journal of Exercise Science

Purposes: (1) To compare the Lafayette Instruments (LI) skinfold caliper to the Lange (L) and Harpenden (H) calipers using a diverse subject population. (2) To determine the validity of the LI caliper in a subset of subjects by comparing body compositions from skinfold thicknesses to those measured by hydrostatic weighing (HW) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP). (3) To compare measurements obtained by experienced (EX) and inexperienced (IX) technicians using all three calipers. Methods: Skinfold measurements were performed by both EX and IX technicians using three different calipers on 21 younger (21.2 ± 1.5 yrs) and 20 older (59.2 ± 4 …

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Timing Carbohydrate Beverage Intake During Prolonged Moderate Intensity Exercise Does Not Affect Cycling Performance, George G. Schweitzer†, John D. Smith‡, James D. Lecheminant‡ Jan 2009

Timing Carbohydrate Beverage Intake During Prolonged Moderate Intensity Exercise Does Not Affect Cycling Performance, George G. Schweitzer†, John D. Smith‡, James D. Lecheminant‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Carbohydrate beverages consumed during long-term exercise have been shown to attenuate fatigue and improve performance; however, the optimal timing of ingestion is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if timing the carbohydrate ingestion (front-loading (FL), continual loading (CL), and end-loading (EL)) during prolonged exercise influenced exercise performance in competitive cyclists. Ten well-trained cyclists completed three separate exercise bouts on a bicycle ergometer, each lasting 2 hours at an intensity of ~67% VO2 max, followed by a 15-minute “all out” time trial. In the FL trial, participants ingested a carbohydrate beverage during the first hour and …

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From The Editors: Assessing The International Journal Of Exercise Science After One Year, T. Scott Lyons, James W. Navalta Jan 2009

From The Editors: Assessing The International Journal Of Exercise Science After One Year, T. Scott Lyons, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

Western Kentucky University (WKU) strives to be a “leading American university with international reach.” In an effort to contribute to that mission, Drs. Scott Lyons and James Navalta of the Exercise Science program endeavored in 2007 to start a student-focused, on-line journal. Working closely with Berkeley Press, the platform for the International Journal of Exercise Science (IJES) was established during the summer of 2007 and it went “live” in January 2008. The journal has now been on-line for over one year and has enjoyed great success, with quality research submitted from graduate and undergraduate students, as well as professionals. We …

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Impact Of Seated And Standing Bicycle Riding Position On Subsequent Running Performance, Randall L. Jensen‡, Brendon J. Ewers†, Brian Cunniffe*, Brian Phelan*, Andrew J. Harrison‡, Amir Shafat‡ Oct 2008

Impact Of Seated And Standing Bicycle Riding Position On Subsequent Running Performance, Randall L. Jensen‡, Brendon J. Ewers†, Brian Cunniffe*, Brian Phelan*, Andrew J. Harrison‡, Amir Shafat‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

This study examined the effects of cycling posture on subsequent running performance similar to the transition phase of a triathlon. Experienced, non-elite triathletes completed two trials of a cycle-run transition. During the last three minutes of a 30 minute cycling bout, at power output equal to lactate threshold, subjects either remained seated (SEAT), or alternated seated and standing cycling (30 s at a time; ALT). Heart rate, RPE, minimum and maximum knee angle, stride frequency and length, and onset and duration of quadriceps and hamstrings activity were obtained at the end of a three-minute control run and at minutes 0, …

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Aerobic Capacity And Postprandial Flow Mediated Dilation, Kevin D. Ballard†, James J. Miller‡, James H. Robinson†, Jennifer L. Olive‡ Oct 2008

Aerobic Capacity And Postprandial Flow Mediated Dilation, Kevin D. Ballard†, James J. Miller‡, James H. Robinson†, Jennifer L. Olive‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

The consumption of a high-fat meal induces transient vascular dysfunction. Aerobic exercise enhances vascular function in healthy individuals. Our purpose was to determine if different levels of aerobic capacity impact vascular function, as measured by flow mediated dilation, following a high-fat meal. Flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery was determined before, two- and four-hours postprandial a high-fat meal in young males classified as highly trained (n = 10; VO2max = 74.6 ± 5.2 ml·kg·min-1) or moderately active (n = 10; VO2max = 47.3 ± 7.1 ml·kg·min-1). Flow mediated dilation was reduced at two- (p < 0.001) and four-hours (p < 0.001) compared to baseline for both groups but was not different between groups at any time point (p = 0.108). Triglycerides and insulin increased at two- (p < 0.001) and four-hours (p < 0.05) in both groups. LDL-C was reduced at four-hours (p = 0.05) in highly trained subjects, and two- and four-hours (p ≤ 0.01) in moderately active subjects. HDL-C decreased at two- (p = 0.024) and four-hours (p = 0.014) in both groups. Glucose increased at two-hours postprandial for both groups (p = 0.003). Our results indicate that a high-fat meal results in reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in highly trained and moderately active individuals with no difference between groups. Thus, high aerobic capacity does not protect against transient reductions in vascular function after the ingestion of a single high-fat meal compared to individuals who are moderately active.

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Effect Of Different Resistance Exercise Methods On Post-Exercise Blood Pressure, Daniel Rodriguez†, Marcos D. Polito‡, Reury F.P. Bacurau‡, Jonato Prestes‡, Francisco L. Pontes Jr‡ Oct 2008

Effect Of Different Resistance Exercise Methods On Post-Exercise Blood Pressure, Daniel Rodriguez†, Marcos D. Polito‡, Reury F.P. Bacurau‡, Jonato Prestes‡, Francisco L. Pontes Jr‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the post-exercise blood pressure (BP) responses to two different methods of resistance exercise (RE, traditional multiple set and tri-set). Young adult men (n = 30, 19.6 &#; 0.7 years old; 76.0 ± 2.7 kg; 178.2 ± 6.7 cm; 90.5 ± 5.8 MBP) with six months of previous experience in RE were selected. The volunteers were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10, each group): non-exercised control group (CON); multiple set group (MS); and a tri-set group (TRI). The TRI group performed three consecutive exercises (3 sets of 10 repetitions with …

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Age-Related Differences In Systolic Blood Pressure Recovery After A Maximal-Effort Exercise Test In Non-Athletic Adults, Uchechukwu Dimkpa†, Andrew C. Ugwu‡ Oct 2008

Age-Related Differences In Systolic Blood Pressure Recovery After A Maximal-Effort Exercise Test In Non-Athletic Adults, Uchechukwu Dimkpa†, Andrew C. Ugwu‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

The present study investigated the rate of systolic blood pressure recovery (SBPR) amongst three male age groups. Ninety-six apparently healthy, non-athletic adult males (48 young [23.91±4.58 years], 32 middle-aged [41.78±5.98 years] and 16 elderly [62.87±2.57 years]) participated in the study. Subjects performed a maximal-effort ergometer exercise test. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured during the exercise protocol; heart rate (HR) and SBP were measured before exercise (after 10 and 15 minutes of rest), during exercise (at 2-minute intervals), and at the first minute of post-exercise recovery and subsequently at 2-minute intervals until the recovery of SBP. Results showed that third-minute …

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Student Reflections On A Study Abroad Course To The 2008 Summer Olympics In Beijing, James W. Navalta, T Scott Lyons, Fred W. Gibson Oct 2008

Student Reflections On A Study Abroad Course To The 2008 Summer Olympics In Beijing, James W. Navalta, T Scott Lyons, Fred W. Gibson

International Journal of Exercise Science

The authors lead a study abroad trip to Beijing, China during the 2008 Summer Olympic Games. Included are reflections from the students who participated. Throughout the visit, students had the opportunity to complete learning outside of the traditional classroom setting. In addition, various challenges were faced and overcome which also constituted a learning experience and was the cause of reflection. The country of China and all of its historical landmarks had a great impression on these students, especially the day that was spent at the Great Wall. Finally, being able to be at the Olympic Games was a life-changing experience, …

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Muscular Strength And Body Composition Comparison Between The Charlotte-Mecklenburg Fire And Police Departments, Robert W. Boyce‡, Satya Ciulla*, Glenn R. Jones‡, Edward L. Boone‡, Steven M. Elliott‡, Clarice S. Combs‡ Sep 2008

Muscular Strength And Body Composition Comparison Between The Charlotte-Mecklenburg Fire And Police Departments, Robert W. Boyce‡, Satya Ciulla*, Glenn R. Jones‡, Edward L. Boone‡, Steven M. Elliott‡, Clarice S. Combs‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Firefighters and police have different physical job requirements and selection processes. Firefighters have on-duty exercise time and police do not. This could affect body composition and strength. The purpose of this investigation was to compare body composition and bench press strength between firefighters and police officers in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg departments. Current 2006 fitness records were analyzed to compare firefighters and police (N = 2330). Variables included: gender, age, body mass, percent body-fat, fat mass, lean mass, bench press strength, bench press/lean mass, bench press/body mass, and percent that were obese. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences were found between male firefighters …

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Resulting Shifts In Percentile And Standard Placements After Comparison Of The Bod Pod And Dxa, Timothy Heden†, Steven Shepard†, John Smith‡, Kay Covington‡, James Lecheminant‡ Sep 2008

Resulting Shifts In Percentile And Standard Placements After Comparison Of The Bod Pod And Dxa, Timothy Heden†, Steven Shepard†, John Smith‡, Kay Covington‡, James Lecheminant‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the BOD POD® when compared to the DXA and if placement on a percentile chart and standard table is affected by any differences between the two measures. A total of 244 (27.7 ± 10.8 yrs, 77.3 ± 16.1 kg, 171.4 ± 10.1 cm, 26.31 ± 5.42 BMI) males and females between the ages of 18 and 52 were recruited to participate in this study. The participant’s body fat percentage (%BF) was tested in random order on the BOD POD® and DXA during a 30-minute session following manufacturer’s guidelines and …

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Test-Retest Reliability Of The Digijump Machine, J Cody Sivley†, James W. Navalta‡, T Scott Lyons‡, Leigh K. Marable* Jul 2008

Test-Retest Reliability Of The Digijump Machine, J Cody Sivley†, James W. Navalta‡, T Scott Lyons‡, Leigh K. Marable*

International Journal of Exercise Science

Repetitive jumping has been identified as a possible exercise modality able to provide sufficient stimulus to improve bone health. However, it is necessary to establish whether repetitive jumping can elicit a consistent physiological response with the ablity to monitor work rate. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the stability reliability of the Digijump device for the commonly used laboratory measures of oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). College-aged individuals (N = 17) completed two 3-min repetitive jumping bouts on the Digijump machine (120 jumps per minute, jump height = 1.27 cm) at …

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Swim Positioning And Its Influence On Triathlon Outcome, Grant J. Landers†, Brian A. Blanksby‡, Timothy R. Ackland‡, Ronald Monson† Jul 2008

Swim Positioning And Its Influence On Triathlon Outcome, Grant J. Landers†, Brian A. Blanksby‡, Timothy R. Ackland‡, Ronald Monson†

International Journal of Exercise Science

Questions have been raised regarding which of the three legs of a triathlon influences the final finishing position. Some coaches subjectively believe that the swim and run are more important than the cycle, especially since the introduction of drafting during the cycle. This study analysed race position shifts between each of the three disciplines to assess the importance of the swim finish position and final finish position during draft legal Olympic distance triathlon events. Ten male and 10 female triathlon world cup events during one season were analysed. The results suggested that the triathlon swim leg is important because the …

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Undergraduate Research: Importance, Benefits, And Challenges, John K. Petrella, Alan Jung Jul 2008

Undergraduate Research: Importance, Benefits, And Challenges, John K. Petrella, Alan Jung

International Journal of Exercise Science

Developing and maintaining undergraduate research programs benefits students, faculty mentors, and the university. Incorporating a research component along with a sound academic foundation enables students to develop independent critical thinking skills along with oral and written communication skills. The research process impacts valuable learning objectives that have lasting influence as undergraduates prepare for professional service. Faculty members at teaching intensive institutions can enhance learning experiences for students while benefiting from a productive research agenda. The university in turn benefits from presentations and publications that serve to increase visibility in the scientific community. Whether projects are derived through student-generated or mentor-generated …

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Relationship Of Vo2 Peak, Body Fat Percentage, And Power Output Measured During Repeated Bouts Of A Wingate Protocol, John R. Mclester‡, J. Matthew Green‡, P. Jason Wickwire†, Thaddeus R. Crews‡ May 2008

Relationship Of Vo2 Peak, Body Fat Percentage, And Power Output Measured During Repeated Bouts Of A Wingate Protocol, John R. Mclester‡, J. Matthew Green‡, P. Jason Wickwire†, Thaddeus R. Crews‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

The principle of specificity would indicate that being aerobically trained would not necessarily enhance performance in events relying principally on oxygen-independent metabolic pathways (i.e. “anaerobic” exercise). Body fatness may be associated with aerobic and anaerobic performance. VO2 Peak was determined with a graded cycle ergometry and, in a separate session 4 consecutive Wingate power tests (3 min recovery) in 31 males. Pearson correlations were calculated for VO2 Peak and Body Fat Percentage with Peak Power, Mean Power, Minimum Power, Fatigue Index, Peak Heart Rate, and Recovery Heart Rate. No significant correlations were found for VO2 Peak or Body Fat Percentage …

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Exercise Induced Alterations In Rat Monocyte Number, Morphology, And Function, Marcia Guereschi†, Jonato Prestes‡, Felipe Donatto‡, Rodrigo Dias‡, Anelena Frollini‡, Clílton Ferreira‡, Claudia Cavaglieri‡, Adrianne Palanch‡ May 2008

Exercise Induced Alterations In Rat Monocyte Number, Morphology, And Function, Marcia Guereschi†, Jonato Prestes‡, Felipe Donatto‡, Rodrigo Dias‡, Anelena Frollini‡, Clílton Ferreira‡, Claudia Cavaglieri‡, Adrianne Palanch‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to verify the histophysiological alterations in monocytes and macrophages induced by short periods of exercise. Male Wistar rats (age = 2 months, body weight = 200g) were divided into seven groups (N=6 each): sedentary control (C), groups exercised (swimming) at low intensity for 5 (5L), 10 (10L), and 15 minutes (15L), and groups exercised at moderate intensity for 5 (5M), 10 (10M) or 15 minutes (15M). At moderate intensity the animals carried a load of 5% of body weight on their backs. Blood monocytes were evaluated for quantity and morphology, and peritoneal macrophages were …

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Effects Of Exercise Induced Fatigue On Postural Balance: A Comparison Of Treadmill Versus Cycle Fatiguing Protocols, Katherine Wright May 2008

Effects Of Exercise Induced Fatigue On Postural Balance: A Comparison Of Treadmill Versus Cycle Fatiguing Protocols, Katherine Wright

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of muscle fatigue after a treadmill versus cycle ergometer incremental test on postural balance indices and recovery time recreationally trained individuals. The Bruce Treadmill Test and the Incremental Cycle Ergometer test were used to induce fatigue. Each subject (N=16) performed both exercises, but the order of the exercises was randomized. The subjects performed balance measures on a Biodex Balance System via the Dynamic Balance Test at level 5 and indices were recorded as given. Balance was measured a total of nine times (pre-exercise, immediately post, and at 3, 6, 9, …

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Changes In Emg And Finger Force With Repeated Hangs From The Hands In Rock Climbers, Phillip B. Watts‡, Randall L. Jensen‡, Sara M. Agena†, John A. Majchrzak†, Rebecca A. Schellinger†, Cory S. Wubbels† Apr 2008

Changes In Emg And Finger Force With Repeated Hangs From The Hands In Rock Climbers, Phillip B. Watts‡, Randall L. Jensen‡, Sara M. Agena†, John A. Majchrzak†, Rebecca A. Schellinger†, Cory S. Wubbels†

International Journal of Exercise Science

The nature and degree of fatigue in muscles that control finger position during repeated sustained efforts in rock climbing have not been described. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in maximum hang time and forearm electromyogram (EMG) during repeated maximum duration hangs from a simulated rock feature. A second objective was to determine the effect of different recovery times between hangs upon changes in finger force. Five experienced rock climbers performed 2 test sessions on different days in a randomized order. Each session involved 8 repetitions of a maximum duration hang with either 1 min (R1) or …

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Do The Principles Of Motor Program Editing Apply To Longer Sequences Of Rapid Aiming Movements? Part Ii, Eric J. Wilson*, David E. Sherwood‡ Apr 2008

Do The Principles Of Motor Program Editing Apply To Longer Sequences Of Rapid Aiming Movements? Part Ii, Eric J. Wilson*, David E. Sherwood‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

In Part I of this study, it was shown that performing a shorter distance aiming movement prior to a longer distance aiming movement resulted in overshooting of the short movement and undershooting of the longer movement compared to control conditions. However, the finding was limited, unexpectedly, to the nondominant hand. To replicate the prior result and to determine the effect of practice organization on movement accuracy, right-handed (n =24) participants (aged 18-22) produced a sequence of three rapid lever reversals combining short (20°) and long (60°) movements with an intermovement interval of 2.5 s with the dominant hand. Greater overshooting …

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Reviewing An Original Research Manuscript For The International Journal Of Exercise Science: A Guide For Students And Professionals, Kathy J. Simpson Apr 2008

Reviewing An Original Research Manuscript For The International Journal Of Exercise Science: A Guide For Students And Professionals, Kathy J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science

Considerations for the review process of manuscripts submitted to the International Journal of Exercise Science are presented. Initial steps to evaluation include reading the abstract to determine your ability as a reviewer, becoming familiar with the journal requirements, and formulating an initial impression of the manuscript. At this point an assessment is made to determine how the reviewer should treat the manuscript. If it is determined that the manuscript is acceptable with minor revisions, or may be acceptable with major changes, a full review should be performed. A full review of the manuscript requires a thorough examination of the major …

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Do The Principles Of Motor Program Editing Apply To Longer Sequences Of Rapid Aiming Movements? Part I, Eric J. Wilson, David E. Sherwood Jan 2008

Do The Principles Of Motor Program Editing Apply To Longer Sequences Of Rapid Aiming Movements? Part I, Eric J. Wilson, David E. Sherwood

International Journal of Exercise Science

Prior work had shown that performing a shorter distance aiming movement prior to a longer distance aiming movement resulted in overshooting of the short movement and undershooting of the longer movement compared to repetition of the same movement. The main question was whether the same interference effects would be found in a three-movement sequence. Right-handed (N = 24) participants (aged 18-22) produced a sequence of two or three bimanual rapid lever reversals combining short (20°) and long (60°) movements with an intermovement interval of 2.5 s beginning with either the dominant or nondominant hand. Participants overshot the short target and …

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The Relationship Between Upper Arm Anthropometrical Measures And Vertical Jump Displacement, Richard A. Reeves, Ocie D. Hicks, James W. Navalta Jan 2008

The Relationship Between Upper Arm Anthropometrical Measures And Vertical Jump Displacement, Richard A. Reeves, Ocie D. Hicks, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to determine if upper body segment length or mass contributes to vertical jump (VJ) displacement. Seventeen men (n=9) and women (n=8) who were active recreationally participated in this investigation. Subjects performed VJ for maximal displacement, and skeletal length measurements of the humerus (acromion following the lateral lip to the greater tuberosity), ulna (olecranon to the ulnar styloid process), and hand (lunate to distal end of third phalanx) were obtained by palpation of boney landmarks and a standard tape measure. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients were used to compare the data with statistical significance accepted …

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Dabbing The Skin Surface Dry During Ice Massage Augments Rate Of Temperature Drop, Amrik S. Sidhu, Gary Lentell, Robert Pettitt Jan 2008

Dabbing The Skin Surface Dry During Ice Massage Augments Rate Of Temperature Drop, Amrik S. Sidhu, Gary Lentell, Robert Pettitt

International Journal of Exercise Science

While ice massage (IM) is a rapid cooling technique used to facilitate therapeutic movements in the rehabilitation process, evidence of its efficacy over alternative therapeutic protocols is scarce. We determined whether dabbing the skin surface dry during a standard IM treatment would lead to greater rate of skin temperature reduction in comparison to without dabbing; and whether dabbing the skin would lead to an acute change in flexibility. Sixteen healthy volunteers received a “dabbing” and “non-dabbing” 7-minute IM treatment over the surface of each triceps surae muscle. Minute-by-minute temperature change in skin surface was evaluated using an infrared thermometer. Active …

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Forearm Emg During Rock Climbing Differs From Emg During Handgrip Dynamometry, Phillip B. Watts, Randall L. Jensen, Edward Gannon, Randy Kobeinia, Jeremy Maynard, Jennifer Sansom Jan 2008

Forearm Emg During Rock Climbing Differs From Emg During Handgrip Dynamometry, Phillip B. Watts, Randall L. Jensen, Edward Gannon, Randy Kobeinia, Jeremy Maynard, Jennifer Sansom

International Journal of Exercise Science

Grip force, as measured via handgrip dynamometry, is often given importance in the study of rock climbing performance. Whether handgrip dynamometry produces a degree of muscle activation comparable to actual climbing has not been reported. Furthermore, the degree and variability of muscle activation for various configurations during climbing are unknown. The purpose of this study was to record forearm EMG responses for six hand configurations during climbing and to compare these responses to a maximum handgrip test. Five experienced climbers signed informed consent to participate in the study. Subjects performed four moves up (UP) and down (DN) on an overhanging …

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On A State-Sponsored Sport System In China, Jie Cao, Pan Zhiwei Jan 2008

On A State-Sponsored Sport System In China, Jie Cao, Pan Zhiwei

International Journal of Exercise Science

The gold medal success of China in recent Olympic Games can be traced to the advancement of the state-sponsored sport system (SSSS). While the program was developed initially through socialist ideals, it is more than a centralized government system to monopolize resources for glorified sport performance. Participation in competition is an inherent part of the human condition. Success in athletics is associated with national identity and has economic, social, and cultural implications. Because of this, it is essential that the SSSS adjust and improve to keep pace with other facets of China’s quickly changing national reform. In association with emerging …

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Low Back Pain Among College Athletes - A Survey Of Basketball Players, Swimmers, Track And Field Athletes And Nonathletic Controls, Nicholas Bacon Dec 2007

Low Back Pain Among College Athletes - A Survey Of Basketball Players, Swimmers, Track And Field Athletes And Nonathletic Controls, Nicholas Bacon

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Study Design. Cross-sectional survey among athletes competing at the collegiate level in basketball, swimming, and track and field, as well as a matched nonathletic control group. Objective. To compare the prevalence of low back pain between sports: basketball, swimming, and track and field, as well as nonathletic control group. Summary of Background Data. With conflicting reports, it is not clear whether athletes are at higher risk for low back pain when compared to nonathletic counterparts. Some literature has found that low back pain was less common in former elite athletes when compared to nonathletes; however, much of the literature supports …

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Hammer Strength Vs. Free Weights: Upper Body 1 Rm Comparisons, Matthew Thoma Dec 2006

Hammer Strength Vs. Free Weights: Upper Body 1 Rm Comparisons, Matthew Thoma

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Thirty-one trained male subjects performed one-repetition maximum lifts (IRM's) on three Hammer Strength Externally Loaded Machines and three comparable Free Weight Exercises. All tests were counterbalanced and randomly assigned. Subjects performed two 1RM tests during each lab session, with at least 48-72 hours of recovery between each. IRM's were recorded as the greatest amount of weight lifted with proper technique. 1RM data was used to (1) determine the relationship between 1RM performed on Hammer Strength machines versus Free Weights and (2) to develop regression equations that can accurately predict IRM's when switching from one exercise modality to another. Statistics revealed …

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Effects Of Caffeine On Muscular Strength, Scott Wilson Dec 2006

Effects Of Caffeine On Muscular Strength, Scott Wilson

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Caffeine is the most widely consumed drug in the world. Research has suggested that caffeine can enhance aerobic performance. However, its benefits in the resistance training world are not fully understood. Due to caffeine's ability to alter pain perception and the onset of peripheral fatigue it may positively affect performance. This study examined the effects of caffeine on muscular strength, determined by the number of successfully completed reps at 85% of 1RM bench press. Fifteen recreationally trained males were tested for their 1RM on bench press. Subjects completed 3 randomized, double blind tria ls at 85% of their 1RM to …

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