Kinesiology Commons^™

Single Leg Hop Landing Analysis In Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability, Lateral Ankle Sprain Copers, And Healthy Individuals, Jordyn Ashlyn Rine

Theses and Dissertations

CONTEXT: There are an estimated 28,000 ankle injuries that occur per day in the United States, thus making the pathology one of the most common sports-related injuries. Lateral ankle sprains account for 80% of all athletic injuries and approximately 73% will suffer from a recurrent injury. The residual symptoms that linger following repetitive lateral ankle sprains are often correlated with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) copers successfully cope with the damage that results from sustaining a lateral ankle sprain, whereas CAI patients suffer from residual symptoms. Traditional measures of COP from force-plate data are useful in evaluating …

Body Mass As The Optimal Load Predictor For Power Clean Variations: A Practical Approach, Marcel Lopes Dos Santos

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of estimating the optimal load of the Hang Power Clean (HPC), Hang High Pull (HHP), and Mid-thigh Clean Pull (MTP) based on a relative percentage of the subjects’ body mass (BM). Fifteen males with experience in weightlifting (age: 21.8 ± 1.9 years; BM: 83.2 ± 9.0 kg; height: 175.4 ± 6.0 cm; 1-repetition maximum [1RM]: 93.0 ± 12.7 kg; 1RM to BM ratio: 1.12 ± 0.13) performed HPC, HHP, and MTP at intensities of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% BM. Kinematic data were collected through a 16-camera …

Impact Of A Single Injury Prevention Instructional Session On The Incidence Of Injury Among U.S. Army Rotc Cadets, Joshua Wooldridge

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Musculoskeletal injuries are the leading health concern for the United States Army. These injuries are the third leading cause of hospitalizations for Army service members and the primary cause for the majority of service-connect disability discharges. Over 80% of musculoskeletal injuries are overuse injuries caused by physical training. The Joint Services Physical Training Injury Prevention Work Group considers education to be a mandatory component of all injury prevention efforts; however, little military research has investigated the impact of education as a primary intervention. Objective: To examine the effect of an injury prevention education class on the incidence of injuries …

Comparing Bmi Perceptions Of Self-And Others Between Kinesiology And Non-Kinesiology University Students, Dzenita Bahtic

Theses and Dissertations

Misperception of own BMI has been postulated as a factor contributing to the increasing prevalence rates of overweight and obesity. Objectives: To examine 1) perceptions university students had toward their own and others’ BMI, and 2) if Kinesiology majors could better assess others’ BMI classifications than non-Kinesiology majors. Methods: Data were collected from 567 (male, n = 144; female, n = 423) university students using a structured questionnaire. Measures consisted of height, weight, perception of own BMI, and visual perception of own and others’ BMI. Self-reported BMI was calculated from height and mass then classified per World Health Organization classifications. …

Graston Technique Pressure Changes On Hamstring Range Of Motion, Emily Martz

Theses and Dissertations

Context: Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) can be applied as a myofascial treatment using a set of instruments and is growing in popularity with clinicians. There is a gap in the literature identifying the best pressure application recommendation without eliciting unnecessary discomfort.

Objective: To investigate if using light or firm pressure applied with the Graston Technique (GT) would have an impact on changing range of motion (ROM).

Design: Single blinded randomized control trial

Setting: Laboratory

Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-seven physically active participants (14 females and 13 males; age: 23±3.4 years; height: 68.59±3.32; weight: 83.6±30.79) were recruited and assessed …

Supporting The Medial Longitudinal Arch: A Comparison Between Intrinsic And Extrinsic Musculature, James D. Schaefer

Theses and Dissertations

Context: Much Research has been done to study what muscles best support the medial longitudinal arch (MLA). However these studies look at intrinsic or extrinsic muscles individually rather than comparing their effects at support of the MLA in a static stance. Researchers have yet to examine the changes to the MLA in the gait cycle rather than just looking at it from a static point of view. Objective: To study the effectiveness of two strengthening protocols for supporting the medial longitudinal arch during stance and gait. Design: Single-blinded, randomized control trial. Setting: Testing was completed in two athletic training facilities. …

Exercise Is Medicine On Campus Program Comparisons: A Descriptive Study, Jacquelyn Sherman

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research is to gain a better understanding of how universities are implementing EIM-OC at their campus with specific focus on the involved departments/entities, the client experience, and programming options.

METHODS: The participants for the study were the university representatives for all currently recognized Exercise is Medicine® on Campus programs. The date was collected via Qualtrics survey, containing 49 questions, which was distributed via email to 172 schools (both domestic and international), to which 24 responses were submitted. Participants were identified via ACSM Exercise is Medicine® on Campus advisor email list for all universities with a …

Testing The Effects Of Message Framing On Physical Activity Motivation In Active And Non-Active Adults, Derek James Hevel

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: Understanding how to best “sell” physical activity (PA) is a critical goal. This study investigated the effects of message framing on motivation to participate in a PA program, and tested whether the effectiveness of messages framed to promote either affective benefits, physical health benefits, or a combination of benefits varied based on one’s current PA status.

METHODS: Adult participants (N=188) from a Midwestern university, who were recruited via email, completed an online survey assessing demographic information and current stage of change. They then viewed one of four randomly assigned promotional flyers for a PA program offered on campus. The …

The Association Between Parental Beliefs About Sport Specialization And Athlete Sport Specialization Classification, Henry Mercier

Theses and Dissertations

Context: Previous research has demonstrated a high prevalence of extrinsic pressures among single sport athletes. The influence of parental beliefs on a high school student athlete’s decision to participate in a single sport rather than multiple sports has yet to be determined. Objective: To estimate a student athlete’s level of sport specialization from parental sport specialization beliefs and to investigate independent relationships of potential factors influencing the decision to pursue a single sport. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: High school athletics. Participants: Fifty-seven high school student athletes (25 females, 32 males; mean age 15.6±1.6 years) selected onto freshmen, junior varsity, or …

The Physical And Psychological Effects Of Standing Desks In Office Workers, Hannah Dohm

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to determine differences in energy expenditure between sitting and standing conditions in typically sedentary office workers. A secondary purpose of this study was to determine if there are mindset differences with regards to job boredom, job stress, and job satisfaction between conditions. METHODS: Participants (N = 26, 4 males and 22 females) were from two moderately sized communities in the Midwest that had standing desk options available to them. Data was collected using BodyMedia SenseWear armbands for energy expenditure and self-reported Likert-scale surveys for psychological data. Intake data included sex, age, height, weight, …

Students’ Time In Their Heart Rate Zone With And Without Polar Display, Amy Marzano

Theses and Dissertations

The lack of physical activity (PA) and rise in sedentary behavior has become an increasing problem in the United States (Owen, Sparling, Healy, Dunstan & Matthews, 2010). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) recommends sixty minutes of daily PA for young people ages 6-17 (CDC, 2013). Despite this recommendation, the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data reported that only 24% of youth 12-15 years of age were obtaining sixty minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) every day (Fakhouri, et al., 2014). Physical education (PE) is one of the few environments where all children are …

Differences In Lower Limb Kinetics In College Age Female Gymnasts To Coaches’ Perceived Efficiency In A Specific Counter Movement Jump Technique, Stephen Christopher Avgerinos

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis reports the results of a quantitative research project which examined kinetics of female collegiate gymnasts aged 18 to 21 performing a ‘punching’ counter-movement jump (CMJ) technique that is taught and required for exemplar scoring during NCAA competition. Twelve female gymnasts were recruited from the competitive team at Illinois State University. Participation was voluntary and athletes were not compensated. Each gymnast performed 8 punch-CMJ trials without coaching instruction except to perform a punching CMJ. The method of performing this CMJ began by stepping off from a 33 cm elevation, ‘punching’ off the force plates, and finishing with a landing …

The Effects Of Dietary Intake On Fuel Metabolism During Aerobic Capacity Exercise, Taylor Lynn Stephenson

Theses and Dissertations

In order to produce mechanical energy through muscular activity, the body must oxidize chemical energy, carbohydrate, fat, or protein through metabolic processes, which then results in the production of ATP as mechanical energy through exercise. Total body metabolism, specifically skeletal muscle depends on factors such as the intensity and duration of exercise, substrate availability, and Training status. During exercise at low intensities (25% of VO2 max) fat is the primary macronutrient that is oxidized for energy. As the exercise intensity progresses, (65% of VO2 max) there is an alteration in skeletal muscle utilization, which results in mainly the use of …

Comparison Of Clinician Assisted Versus Unassisted Pnf Stretching On Hamstring Flexibility, Isometric Force Output, And Maximum Vertical Jump Height, Joel T. Lockhart

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Hamstring strains are among one of the most common acute injuries that occur in soccer players. Previous research has shown that reduced hamstring flexibility is a risk factor for injury, however this is modifiable through stretching. Some stretching techniques have contributed to decreased performance on measures important to success in sport. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is one effective stretching technique to improve hamstring flexibility, but requires a trained partner or clinician to perform properly. It is unknown if the performance of PNF stretching without a clinician’s assistance could be as effective. It is also unknown if PNF stretching affects …

The Mediating Effect Of Self-Determined Motivation In Student-Athlete Perceptions Of Coaching Behaviors And Its Effect On Grit And Mental Toughness, Lloyd Scharneck

Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this current study was to examine the relationship between coaching behaviors, grit, mental toughness, and motivation. I hypothesized that coaching behaviors would have an indirect influence on grit and mental toughness through the motivational orientations of athletes. To examine these relationships, we surveyed 219 student athletes from Midwestern universities using valid and reliable measures assessing the key constructs in this study. Results revealed significant positive relationships between autonomy-supportive coaching, grit, mental toughness and autonomous motivation. Significant negative relationships between controlling coach, grit, and mental toughness were also found. Path analysis revealed two major findings. A significant positive …

The Effects Of Trx Suspension Training On An Asymmetrical Weight Shift During A Double-Leg Squat, Samantha J. Shruck

Theses and Dissertations

Context: It is estimated that 54% of all sport related injuries are to the lower extremity, specifically the knee and ankle. Following injury, many individuals demonstrate an asymmetrical weight shift during a double-leg squat, which may increase risk of further injury. Asymmetries are driven by a variety of factors including range of motion and neuromuscular control. The goal of rehabilitation is to identify asymmetrical movement and utilize evidence-based techniques to retrain deficient movement patterns. The double-leg squat is a reliable movement task to identify asymmetrical weight shifts. Based on the theory and purpose of suspension training (TRX), it may be …

Alterations In Foot Positioning During Ankle Taping And Its Effects On Range Of Motion And Jump Performance In Dancers, Eilish Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

Context: A closed basket-weave ankle tape application is commonly used by healthcare professionals in order to give support to the athlete’s ankle during activity. This closed basket-weave ankle tape is used to prevent the ankle joint from going into excessive plantarflexion and inversion. Previous research has demonstrated traditional ankle taping techniques, with the ankle in a dorsiflexed position, reduces range of motion at the ankle. Due to the extreme demands placed on the ankle during dancing, which often requires the dancer to place the ankle in a maximally plantarflexed position, it is unclear how taping in this position affects range …

The Influence Of Corrective Exercises On Functional Movement Screen And Physical Fitness Performance In Army Rotc Cadets, Marissa Jae Basar

Theses and Dissertations

Context: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a screening tool designed to identify limitations in mobility and stability throughout the body. The existing literature has demonstrated the FMS is effective at identifying movement dysfunctions; however, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness or improving FMS scores through individual corrective exercises. Theoretically, improving functional movement may provide assistance in improving physical performance and potentially decrease occurrence of injury. Objective: To examine if an individualized corrective exercise program is effective at improving FMS scores in Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. In addition, the study aimed to correlate improvements in composite FMS …

The Effectiveness Of A 4-Week Yoga Intervention On The Activation And Timing Of Transverse Abdominis And Lumbar Multifidus, Pain And Functional Disability Among Healthy And Low Back Pain Participants, Tamara Sagadore

Theses and Dissertations

Low back pain (LBP) poses a significant long-term health problem and requires the exploration of complementary alternative medicines, such as yoga. LBP patients often present with a delay in the onset of contraction of core musculature, which is necessary to stabilize the spine in dynamic movements. The aim of this study was two-fold. First, it was to determine the effectiveness of a 4-week yoga intervention on the timing of muscle activation and activation ratio of the transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscles among all participants. Second, it was to determine the effectiveness of a 4-week yoga intervention on …

The Therapeutic Effects Of Dry Cupping On Iliotibial Band Tightness, Madeline Marie Biehl

Theses and Dissertations

Context: The iliotibial band (ITB) is a muscle-like structure on the outside of the thigh and plays a vital role in movement and can become tight if overused. This tightness can lead to a wide array of injuries in an otherwise healthy individual. Previous research has proved the need to treat a tight ITB, but techniques previously researched have not proven to be effective in reducing ITB tightness. Dry cupping is a method in which suction is generated from a vacuum-sealed cup using a pump in order to alleviate pain, reduce tightness, and promote healing. Recently, cupping has been used …

Association Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake With Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Adolescents, Jonathan C. Grimwood

Theses and Dissertations

An association has been established between total dietary energy intake and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adolescents. However, there is little research examining specific dietary components, such as fruit and vegetable intake. PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this research is to determine if an association exists between fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake and CRF in adolescents. A secondary purpose of this study is to determine if an association exists between F/V intake and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: A sample of 424 adolescents (234 males and 190 females), age 10-18 years, completed the Dietary Behavior section of the Youth Risk Behavior …

Changes In Anthropometric And Physiological Characteristics Of Male Collegiate Rugby Union Players Throughout A Season, Edward Kyle Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Rugby Union is a physically demanding sport requiring a variety of anthropometric and physiological characteristics to maximize performance. Factors such as muscular power, speed, agility, maximal aerobic power, mobility, and body composition all factor into player performance. PURPOSE: To determine changes in body composition, anthropometric and physiological characteristics of collegiate rugby union players throughout a competitive season. METHODS: Participants included 37 (20.3 ± 1.5 years) men from a collegiate rugby club. Muscular power (vertical jump), speed (10m and 20m sprint), agility (L-drill), mobility (FMS active straight leg raise and shoulder mobility) maximal aerobic power (VO2peak via 20m multi-stage shuttle run …

A Comparison Of The Immediate Effects Of Muscle Energy Technique And Joint Mobilizations On Posterior Shoulder Tightness In Youth Throwing Athletes, Maddox L. Reed

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Due to the extreme forces on the glenohumeral (GH) joint during the throwing motion, and the high number of repetitions that occur during overhead sports, alterations in range of motion are a common occurrence in overhead athletes, particularly baseball and softball players. The presence of limited GH motion that occurs as a result of posterior shoulder tightness can increase the risk of injury. Despite clinical evidence pointing to the use of joint mobilizations and muscle energy technique (MET) for the treatment of various pathologies, there currently is no data examining comparing the overall effectiveness of joint mobilizations and MET …

Understanding Motivational Climate And Team Cohesion In Youth Sport, Annika M. Ewaldz

Theses and Dissertations

The effects of both peer-created and coach-created motivational climate on team cohesion was studied in a sample of 136 youth athletes. Task-involving aspects of both peer-and coach-created motivational climates were found to be positively related to team cohesion. Coach-created ego-involving climate was negatively related to team cohesion, most significantly attraction to group-task (ATG-T) cohesion. Peer-created ego-involving motivational climate was significantly, negatively related to group integration-task (GI-T) cohesion. Peer-created motivational climate accounted for variance above and beyond the influence of coach-created motivational climate on team cohesion. The results of this study suggest that a peer-created motivational climate influences team cohesion above …

The Effects Of Two Different Resistance Training Protocols With Similar Volume On Non-Uniform Muscle Hypertrophy, Vince Bendotti

Theses and Dissertations

Resistance training programs utilize variables such as exercise volume, intensity, muscular activation, and tension in order to obtain specific hypertrophic adaptations. The challenge of designing a hypertrophy-centric program is understanding the non-uniform adaptations of skeletal muscle. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to observe the impact of two volume-equated, whole body exercise protocols over 9 weeks utilizing 9 different compound exercises on non-uniform muscle adaptations. METHODS: Fourteen (age = 20.9 ± 1.3 years; body mass = 84.0 ± 11.1 kg; fat free mass = 67.3 ± 5.7 kg), well-trained men randomly assigned to a hypertrophy based protocol (HG) or …

Range Of Motion And Plantar Foot Pressures In Those With And Without A Lateral Hip Shift During An Overhead Squat, Erin M. Lally

Theses and Dissertations

Context: Asymmetrical loading between lower limbs can theoretically be explained as an inequality of strength, neuromuscular control, or subconscious reliance on one leg more than the other. Asymmetries are often identified utilizing costly equipment such as force plates and 3D motion analysis cameras. It is important to establish less costly ways of identifying movement and loading asymmetries for clinicians to utilize. One qualitative assessment that may identify asymmetries is a ‘lateral hip shift’ during an overhead squat. Objective: To identify differences in lower extremity range of motion (ROM) and plantar foot pressures in individuals with and without a lateral hip …

The Effects Of Two Different Resistance Training Protocols With Similar Volume On Muscular Strength, Muscle Thickness, And Fat-Free Mass, Cory Worthey

Theses and Dissertations

The manipulation of exercise volume, intensity, and order is associated with producing different musculoskeletal changes. These resistance training program variables affect mechanical tension and metabolic stress associated with resistance training, therefore affecting strength and hypertrophic outcomes. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two different volume-equated total body exercise protocols over 9 weeks using compound exercises on muscular strength, muscle thickness, and fat-free mass. METHODS: Eight well-trained men were randomly assigned to a hypertrophy-style protocol (HG) performing 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 90 seconds rest between sets (n = 4) or a strength-style protocol …

Understanding Flow Occurrence: Contributions From The 2x2 Achievement Goal Framework, Devan Antczak

Theses and Dissertations

Flow is often described as an optimal state, a rewarding experience, and highly motivating. Yet, much of how flow occurs is not understood. Multiple factors have been found to be antecedents of flow, one of which is motivation. The purpose of this study was to determine if variations in motivation according to the 2x2 achievement goal theory resulted in differences in occurrence of flow. An experimental design was utilized. Currently training male and female runners (N=60, ages 18-44 years), were randomly assigned to one of the four different achievement goal groups and reported on the level of flow experienced during …

The Effects Of Caffeine On Reaction Time Of Two Neurocognitive Tests, Kyle Petit

Theses and Dissertations

Context: A concussion is defined as a traumatically induced transient disturbance of the brain caused by a biomechanical force. These problematic injuries can prevent athletes from participating in physical activity for a number of days, weeks, or even months. Caffeine is known for improving mental alertness in everyday tasks and is found in many popular drinks such as, coffee, tea, energy shots, and even soda. Due to its increase in memory, mental alertness, and concentration, caffeine could potentially be utilized to improve the outcomes of post-concussion neurocognitive testing. This improvement would allow athletes to return to play before they have …

A Comparison Of Blood Flow Changes In Tissues Treated With Therapeutic Ultrasound And Electrical Stimulation, Ryanne Mcdaniel

Theses and Dissertations

Context: Therapeutic ultrasound and electrical stimulation both claim to achieve many effects on the body, one of which is increasing blood flow in tissues. Research on electrical stimulation in regards to blood flow has shown both increased and decreased blood flow, due to the electrode placement and the muscular contractions elicited during the treatment, while research on therapeutic ultrasound has provided mixed results, some suggesting that increased blood flow is seen only with intolerable treatment intensities for the patients. The two treatments have not been previously compared in the same study. Objective: To compare radial artery blood flow following therapeutic …