Kinesiology Commons^™

Cutaneous Blood Flow In Type 2 Diabetic Individuals After An Acute Bout Of Maximal Exercise, Sheri R. Colberg, Henri K. Parson, D. Robb Holton, Tanja Nunnold, Aaron I. Vinik

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE - We previously demonstrated a positive association between chronic aerobic exercise and dorsal foot skin blood flow during local heating in type 2 diabetic individuals. Thus, we hypothesized that a prior acute bout of maximal exercise would also have positive effects on postexercise blood now.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Subjects consisted of 32 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 26 nondiabetic control subjects further subdivided based on their physical activity status diabetic exerciser (DE), diabetic sedentary (DS), control exerciser (CE), or control sedentary. Dorsal foot cutaneous blood flow was measured noninvasively by continuous laser-Doppler assessment at baseline and …

Use Of Heart Rate Reserve And Rating Of Perceived Exertion To Prescribe Exercise Intensity In Diabetic Autonomic Neueropathy, Sheri R. Colberg, David P. Swain, Aaron I. Vinik

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Objective- Individuals with diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) exhibit an increased resting heart rate but depressed maximal heart rate. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the validity of using either percent of heart rate reserve (HRR) or a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale to prescribe exercise intensity in diabetic individuals both with and without DAN.

Research Design and Methods-The subjects consisted of 23 individuals with type 2 diabetes, ages 45-75 years, with (DAN; n=13) or without (No DAN; n=10) clinical signs of DAN, as assessed by heart rate variability using the expiration-to-inspiration ratio of the …

Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Does Not Affect Regulation Of Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity During Head-Up Tilt, Jian Cui, Rong Zhang, Thad E. Wilson, Sarah Witkowski, Craig G. Crandall, Benjamin D. Levine

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

To test the hypothesis that systemic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase does not alter the regulation of sympathetic outflow during head-up tilt in humans, in eight healthy subjects NO synthase was blocked by intravenous infusion of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). Blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were recorded in the supine position and during 60° head-up tilt. In the supine position, infusion of L-NMMA increased blood pressure, via increased TPR, and inhibited MSNA. However, the increase in MSNA evoked by head-up tilt during L-NMMA infusion (change in burst rate: 24 ± …

Ethnic Differences Of Lower Extremity Kinematics And Ground Reaction Force During Walking, Takuya Okamoto

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Although gait analysis has been conducted for a long time, there has been little attention paid to ethnic differences in kinematics and kinetics of walking gait. The purposes of this study were: to compare the lower extremity sagittal kinematics and ground reaction forces during walking gait cycle; and to compare the anthropometric dimensions oflower limbs during static standing between Japanese and American Caucasian males. 111 Thirty males from Indiana State University (fifteen from each ethnic group), aged twenty to twenty-nine years, served as subjects for this study. The lower extremity segmental characteristics were measured, using a tape measure, a Vernier …

The Effects Of Post-Cryotherapy Exercise On Ankle Capsular Temperature, Craig A. Jamison

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: Cryokinetics is a common rehabilitative technique. To date, no data describing capsular temperature cycling during cryokinetics have been reported. Objective: To compare ankle capsular temperature before and at the end of each exercise bout during a typical cryokinetics session. Design: A 2 x 10 repeated measure factorial design was used. The independent variables were treatment and bout. The dependent variable for this study capsular temperature of the lateral talo-crural joint. Setting: Data were collected in the Sports Injury Research Laboratory at Indiana State University. Subjects: Nineteen volunteers participated in this study (age= 24.6 + .6 yr; mass= 74.1 + …

An Investigation Of Perceived Restrictions On Certified Athletic Trainers Practice, Katy Taake

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency and nature of perceived restrictions by certified athletic trainers (ATCs) and to determine the frequency of perceived restrictions for each practice setting within states that have legislation. This was a qualitative-descriptive study performed with a web-based survey. 10,000 ATCs receiving electronic mail from the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) were invited to participate in this study. 1158 subjects participated in the study, and 724 subjects (295 female and 429 male; age=33.2 ± 8.3yrs) remained after exclusions. A webbased survey was created to evaluate perceived restrictions. Inorder to establish face validity …

Changes In Neuromuscular Function In Collegiate Sprinters During An Indoor Season, Jack W. Skaggs

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in neuromuscular function through the use of the Hoffman Reflex in male Division I collegiate sprinters during an indoor competitive season. Design: a 2 X 4 factorial design. The independent variables in this study were groups (Sprint and Control) and testing times (base, mid, peak and taper). The dependent variable was the soleus Hreflex, anaerobic power, and body composition. Setting: This study took place in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory located in the Health and Human Performance Building at Indiana State University. Subjects: Ten male Division I collegiate sprinters (age: …

Predictive Factors Of Perceived Stress And Work-Related Strain Among Collegiate Athletic Trainers, Shinichiro Sugiura

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: In a college/university setting, certified athletic trainers (ATCs) may have sport coverage, classroom teaching, and clinical instructor responsibilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the most important predictors of perceived stress and work-related strain among ATCs in a college/university setting, how athletic level affected perceived stress and work-related strain, and if the perceived stress score correlated with the work-related strain score. Design and Setting: This study was a webbased survey consisting of demographic and job responsibility questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Work-Related Strain Inventory (WRSI). To evaluate predictors of perceived stress and work-related strain, …

The Response Of The Hoffmann Reflex To Endurance Training In Male Cross-Country Runners, Randall J. Bergman

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Motoneuron pool excitability as measured by the Hoffinann reflex (H-reflex) in endurance-trained subjects has been shown to differ from their untrained counterparts. Further, the effects of endurance training on the H-reflex are equivocal. Objective: To determine if differences exist in the motoneuron pool excitability of the soleus in highly trained endurance athletes due to the effect of endurance training. Design: A 2 X 3 factorial design with repeated measures. Setting: This study took place in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory located in the Health and Human Performance Building on the Indiana State University campus. Subjects: Eleven male cross-country team members (XC; …

The Effects Of A 10-Week Exercise Program On Physiological Variables And Quality Of Life In Type 2 Diabetes, David Robb Holton

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between psychological and physiological parameters before and after a 10-week, aerobic training study of sedentary diabetic individuals and sedentary controls. Tests measuring physiological parameters (interstitial NO, blood flow, lactate threshold, VO₂ peak and glycosylated hemoglobin) and a quality of life survey were completed before and after training. Nine previously sedentary diabetic (DE, diabetic exerciser) and 10 control sedentary subjects (CE, control exerciser) engaged in 10 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise. A non-training diabetic group (DS, diabetic sedentary, n=12) and a non-training control group (CS, control sedentary, n=I0) were also …

We Want To Play Too, Peter J. Titlebaum, Kate Brennan, Tracy Chynoweth

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that persons with disabilities be integrated to the maximum extent possible, and that these persons cannot be excluded from participation. Intramural directors need to be proactive in this area. The benefits of intramural sports are vast, and they help many students become part of the college community.

Forming an alliance with the Disability Services on campus, the first step, is the most vital aspect of making these programs successful. It is important to remember the difference between what can be done and what must be done. Even with the best of intentions, it …

The Application Of Kinesio Tape Does Not Alter Knee Extensor Torque Production Following Muscle Fatigue, Takeru Hatachi

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Muscle fatigue is defined as the inability to maintain force output. It seems plausible that some sports injuries can be prevented if muscular fatigue can be reduced. Research evaluating Kinesio tape is still limited. And further study is needed in this area for clearing the effects of the elastic tape to apply effectively, and safely to the clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Kinesio tape on knee extensor force output before and after muscle fatigue. Design and Setting: A 2 x 3 factorial design was used to compare force output before and …

Focal Temperature Change Facilitates The Peak-To-Peak Soleus Hoffmann Reflex And Muscle Response, Bentley Andrew Krause

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Cryotherapy is a widely used rehabilitative modality in sports medicine. Cooling joint tissues has been observed to facilitate active exercise following injury. Mechanisms effecting motoneuron recruitment during and following cryotherapy are presumed to be both local and central in nature. Focal cooling facilitates motoncuron pool recruitment and may alter the excitability of motoncurons. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if changes in focal temperature alter the characteristics of the maximum peak-to-peak Hoffmann reflex (Hmax) and muscle response (Mmax). Design and setting: A 4x5 factorial design with repeated measures on time was used in this study. Hmax and …

Glycogen Resynthesis And Recovery From Exercise: Effects Of Very-Long Chain Acyl-Coenzyme, A Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Kyle E. Johnson

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Disorders of fatty acid metabolism pose a variety of problems including hypoglycemia, muscle weakness, muscle cramping, rhabdomyolysis, and, in the most severe cases, death. Individuals with a deficiency of very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD ), the enzyme initiating the oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids, are particularly prone to exercised-induced declines in muscle function because oft he importance of very-long-chain fatty acids to energy metabolism in exercise. The purpose of this project was to study muscle glycogen resynthesis in the recovery from high intensity exercise in VLCAD deficient mice. Recovery of skeletal muscle function (gastrocnemius) following exercise is not as rapid in …

Impulses And Ground Reaction Forces At Progressive Intensities Of Weightlifting Variations., Randall L. Jensen

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Of The Effects Of A 12-Week Exercise Programme For People With Diabetes, Olive Fanning

Theses

To determine and examine the effects of a 12-week exercise programme for people with diabetes on their blood glucose control, physiological components and psychological well-being.

The purpose of the study was to examine a wide variety of physiological components including assessment of aerobic capacity, body composition, lung, function, flexibility and blood glucose control (HbAlc levels). Psychological well-being was also assessed which includes sub scales for depression, anxiety, energy and positive well being. This had the purpose of identifying exact levels of these variables so as to compare these to the general public norms. It additionally had the benefit of being …

Vo2 Reserve And The Minimal Intensity For Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness, David P. Swain, Barry A. Franklin

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Purpose: The American College of Sports Medicine has stated that aerobic: training needs to occur at a minimum threshold intensity of 50% VO_2max for most healthy adults and at 40% VO_2max for those with a very low initial fitness. Recently, the concept of VO₂ reserve (% VO₂R, i.e., a percentage of the difference between maximum and resting VO₂ has been introduced for prescribing exercise intensity, This analysis was designed to determine the threshold intensity for improving cardiorespiratory fitness expressed as %VO₂R units. Methods: Previous studies in healthy subjects (N = 18) that …

The Effect Of Exercise Ball Training On Balance In Older Adults, Stephanie Happ

Masters Theses

Prevention of falls through balance training is of great interest to the aging population. Falls can cause debilitating injuries, such as fractures, and can also lead to the beginning of a series of health complications. These resulting complications can cause the older individual to become feeble, and susceptible to future recurring falls. There is no previous research on the effects of Swiss Ball exercises on the balance of older adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an exercise regimen involving the use of Swiss Balls to improve the balance of older adults.

Eleven apparently healthy …

Is There A Threshold Intensity For Aerobic Training In Cardiac Patients?, David P. Swain, Barry Franklin

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Purpose: Recent guidelines have recommended the use of a percentage of oxygen uptake reserve ((V) over dot O₂R) for prescribing aerobic exercise intensity for cardiac patients. Moreover, these guidelines suggest that a threshold intensity may exist, below which no improvement in peak oxygen uptake ((V) over dot O-_2peak) occurs, The purpose. therefore. was to translate the intensity of aerobic exercise in previous training studies using cardiac patients into %(V) over dot O₂R units, and determine whether a threshold intensity exists, Methods: Twenty-three studies, using 28 groups of aerobically trained cardiac patients. were identified in …

Determinants Of Erythropoietin Release In Response To Short-Term Hypobaric Hypoxia, Ri Li Ge, S. Witkowski, Y. Zhang, C. Alfrey, M. Sivieri, T. Karlsen, G. K. Resaland, M. Harber, J. Stray-Gundersen, B. D. Levine

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

We measured blood erythropoietin (EPO) concentration, arterial O2 saturation (SaO2), and urine PO2 in 48 subjects (32 men and 16 women) at sea level and after 6 and 24 h at simulated altitudes of 1,780, 2,085, 2,454, and 2,800 m. Renal blood flow (Doppler) and Hb were determined at sea level and after 6 h at each altitude (n = 24) to calculate renal O2 delivery. EPO increased significantly after 6 h at all altitudes and continued to increase after 24 h at 2,454 and 2,800 m, although not at 1,780 or 2,085 m. The increase in EPO varied markedly …

Skin Cooling Maintains Cerebral Blood Ffow Velocity And Orthostatic Tolerance During Tilting In Heated Humans, Thad E. Wilson, Jian Cui, Rong Zhang, Sarah Witkowski, Craig G. Crandall

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Orthostatic tolerance is reduced in the heat-stressed human. The purpose of this project was to identify whether skin-surface cooling improves orthostatic tolerance. Nine subjects were exposed to 10 min of 60° head-up tilting in each of four conditions: normothermia (NT-tilt), heat stress (HT-tilt), normothermia plus skin-surface cooling 1 min before and throughout tilting (NT-tiltcool), and heat stress plus skin-surface cooling 1 min before and throughout tilting (HT-tiltcool). Heating and cooling were accomplished by perfusing 46 and 15°C water, respectively, though a tube-lined suit worn by each subject. During HT-tilt, four of nine subjects developed presyncopal symptoms resulting in the termination …

A Comparison Of Training Methods To Increase Neck Muscle Strength [Thesis], Ryan Stuart Price

Theses : Honours

The purpose of this study WHS to determine if increases in isometric cervical muscle strength and range of movement (ROM) generated from ten weeks of training on the Multi-cervical unit (MCU) is significantly greater than the increase gained by training with the dynaband. The high rate of neck injury in the Air Force from pilots exposed to high +Gz force has instigated this research. 32 healthy subjects were split into three groups, with one group as the control, one group training on the MCU and one group training on the dynaband. Training groups completed ten weeks of resistance training in …

Changes In Muscle Function And Motorneuron Excitability Of The Triceps Surae Following A Bout Of Fatiguing Eccentric Exercise, Mikala Pougnault

Theses : Honours

A reduction in capacity of the neuromuscular system associated with exercise can occur from a wide range of physiological and psychological factors. Many researchers have investigated neural activation during exercise, or the effects of muscle damage associated with eccentric exercise, but few have studied the prolonged effects of a bout of eccentric exercise on strength and motorneuron excitability. Eleven male and female subjects (aged 20-43 years) were tested to determine the effects of a fatiguing bout of eccentric exercise upon maximal isometric plantarflexion strength, motorneuron excitability, and neural activation of the soleus (SOL) and medial gastrocnemius (MG). The exercise consisted …

A Comparison Of Hot Packs And Light Or Moderate Exercise On Rectus Femoris Temperature, Sean J. Sreniawski

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: Hot packs, light exercise, and or moderate exercise are used to heat soft tissue injuries before rehabilitation or competition for their desired effects. This comparison is beneficial to clinicians, so that they may be better educated on the use of the most effective therapeutic modality heating protocols when treating a soft tissue injury. Objective: To compare the application of a hot pack to light intensity exercise and moderate intensity exercise on peak temperature of the rectus femoris muscle, and the time at which peak temperature is reached. Design: A 1 x 3 factorial design was used in this study. …

Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of The Dynamic Effort, Maximum Effort, And Repeated Effort Methods With Compensatory Acceleration, Eric W. Patterson

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Resistance training is being used to better sports performances worldwide. Increases in strength have been shown to enhance performance and decrease the incidence of injury. The optimum speed and load needed to increase strength in the least amount of time has yet to be determined. Researchers have categorized different methods used to increase strength including the Dynamic Effort, Maximum Effort, and Repeated Effort Methods and Compensatory Acceleration. However, the optimum combination of these methods has not been shown through scientific study. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a six week training program using the Dynamic …

Childhood Obesity And Its Relationship To Sedentary Behavior Patterns Vs. Other Independent Risk Factors Of Obesity Among Navy Dependent Adolescents, Shaye Lauren Arluk

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Background According to data gathered in the NHANES 1999 survey 14% of American children are now classified as obese, a 60% increase in prevalence from the NHANES II survey in 1976. Multiple research studies have looked at the role of dietary intake, heredity, and physical activity participation as independent risk factors of obesity with mixed results. However, sedentary behavior patterns, which have markedly increased in the past ten years, have not been extensively studied in relation to childhood obesity. The goal of this study was to focus on the relationship between various sedentary behaviors and childhood obesity.

Methods Two descriptive …

Isokinetic Dynamometer Versus A Multi-Axial Stability Platform In The Proprioception And Strength Training Of The Peroneal Muscle Group, Eric Johnson

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Ankle injuries are the most common and frequent occurring injuries in sports today (Feuerbach, Grabiner & Koh, 1994). Ankle sprains usually occur in athletes that are participating in running or jumping activities. Injuries to the ankle joint represent about 20% of all sports related injuries, and 15% of all time lost injuries (Payne, Berg, & Latin, 1997). The majority of the sprains to the ankle occur to the lateral ligamentous structures due to the forcefully plantar flexion and inversion of the talocrural joint. This inversion mechanism accounts for 85% of all ankle sprains (Kinzey, Ingersoll, & Knight, 1997). Often after …

2) Jensen, R. Comparison Of Ground-Reaction Forces While Kicking A Stationary And Non-Stationary Soccer Ball, Randall L. Jensen

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Social Physique Anxiety Levels, Body Mass Index, And Program Type On Exercise Adherence And Reasons For Exercise, Colleen N. Vandever

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare adult females across various age groups, body mass index, and exercise facilities on their levels of social physique anxiety, reasons for exercise, and adherence rates over an 8-week period. Female members of the Eastern Illinois University Adult Fitness Program (n = 14), Curves for Women (n = 19), and the Sarah Bush Lincoln Health Center Employee Wellness Program (n = 14) took part in the study. Two age group categories were made: 30-50 (n = 21) and 51+ (n = 26) in order to compare female age groups. Specifically, the purposes of …

The Effect Of Moderate +Gz On Cervical Muscle Strength Of Raaf Trainee Pilots Flying Pc-9 Aircraft, Elissa Jane Burton

Theses : Honours

External stimulus/loading initiates adaptations within skeletal muscle. Whilst performing flying manoeuvres under +Gz it has been previously found that the cervical area has the highest loading. The purpose of this study was to examine cervical muscle response to moderate +Gz force (+4-6Gz) loading generated during RAAF pilot training. Cervical muscle strength was monitored in nine RAAF pilots completing an eight-month flight training course and ten controls matched for gender, age, height and weight. Cervical muscle strength and range of movement were measured at baseline and at eight months using the Multi-Cervical Rehabilitation Unit (Hanoun, Canada). Also measured, using EMG, was …