Parasitology Commons^™

Polymorphism Of Eimerian Oocysts: A Dilemma Posed By Working With Some Naturally Infected Hosts, Brent B. Parker, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

First paragraph:

Morphological variation of sporulated oocysts within individual eimerian species is well documented (Joyner, 1982. In Biology of the Coccidia, P. L. Long (editor). University Park Press, Baltimore, pages 35-62). In some cases, oocysts of a single eimerian species are known to vary in size by as much as 40% during patency (Duszynski, 1971, Journal of Parasitology 57: 948- 952). During a survey to determine the prevalence of coccidiosis in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) wintering in New Mexico (Parker and Duszynski, 1986, Journal of Wildlife Diseases 21: 25-35), marked polymorphism was observed among sporulated oocysts of …

Aspects Of Ecology And Biogeography Of Acanthocephala On Antarctic Seabirds [Données Écologiques Et Biogéographiques Sur Les Acantocéphales D’Oiseaux Marins Antarctiques], Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Four species of acanthocephalans are reported from seabirds, nototheniid fishes and gammaridean amphipods in the western Antarctic. Corynosoma hamanni (von Linstow, 1892) was found in Phalacrocorax atriceps King, Chionis alba (Gmelin), Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, and Catharacta lonnbergi (Mathews). The complete life cycle of this acanthocephalan was elucidated: cysticanths develop in the haemocoel of a gammaridean amphipod, Pontogeneiella sp. of the family Eusiridae and presumably, following ingestion of parasitized amphipods, encyst in the body cavity of Antarctic fishes of several species. Corynosoma singularis Skriabin and Nikol’skii, 1971 was found only in P. atriceps. Corynosoma bullosum (von Linstow, 1892) occurred in both …

Two New Species Of Litomosoides (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) From Pocket Gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae) In Colorado, Scott Lyell Gardner, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two new species of nematodes representing the genus Litomosoides were obtained from pocket gophers collected in the early 1960s and during 1982 in Colorado. Individuals of Litomosoides thomomydis n. sp. were recovered from the abdominal cavities of two species of pocket gopher, Thomomys tulpoides (Richardson) and T. bottae (Eydoux & Gervais). Nematodes representing L. westi n. sp. were recovered from the abdominal and pleural cavities of the plains pocket gopher Geomys bursarius (Shaw) from eastern Colorado. These two species of filarioid nematodes appear to be restricted in geographical range to those pocket gophers inhabiting the central grasslands and …

Phylogenetics And The Future Of Helminth Systematics, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Phylogenetic systematics is a relatively new formal technique that increases the precision with which one can make direct estimates of the history of phylogenetic descent. These estimates are made in the form of phylogenetic trees, or cladograms. Cladograms may be converted directly into classifications or they may be used to test various hypotheses about the evolutionary process. More than 20 phylogenetic analyses of helminth groups have been published already, and these have been used to investigate evolutionary questions in developmental biology, biogeography, speciation, coevolution, and evolutionary ecology.

Eimerians From Different Karyotypes Of The Japanese Wood Mouse (Apodemus Spp.), With Descriptions Of Two New Species And A Redescription Of Eimeria Montgomeryae Lewis And Ball, 1983, Constance D. Wash, Donald W. Duszynski, Terry L. Yates

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Examination of 131 wood mice (Apodemus spp.) representing 2 species and 6 subspecies collected from the Japanese islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Tsushima showed that 70 mice (53%) had coccidian oocysts in their feces. These included 21 of 42 (50%) Apodemus argenteus argenteus; 7 of 14 (50%) Apodemus argenteus hokkaidi; 2 of 3 (67%) Apodemus argenteus sagax; 3 of 9 (33%) Apodemus speciosus ainu; 36 of 61 (59%) Apodemus speciosus speciosus; and 1 of 2 (50%) Apodemus speciosus tusimaensis. Four distinct coccidians were identified: Eimeria argenteus n. sp. from A. a. argenteus …

American Society Of Parasitologists Henry Baldwin Ward Medal Acceptance Speech, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Transcript of American Society of Parasitologists Henry Baldwin Ward Medal acceptance speech, by Daniel R. Brooks, in 1985.

Eimeria Species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Infecting Peromyscus Rodents In The Southwestern United States And Northern Mexico With Description Of A New Species, David W. Reducker, Lynn Ann Hertel, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Of 198 deermice (Peromyscus spp.) collected from various localities in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, 106 (54%) had eimerian oocysts in their feces when examined. These included 50 of 106 (47%) Peromyscus truei, 34 of 54 (63%) Peromyscus maniculatus, 4 of 17 (24%) Peromyscus leucopus, and 18 of 21 (86%) Peromyscus eremicus. The following Eimeria were identified from infected mice: Eimeria arizonensis and Eimeria langebarteli from P. truei; E. arizonensis, Eimeria peromysci, and Eimeria delicata from P. maniculatus; E. arizonensis and Eimeria lachrymalis n. sp. from P. eremicus; …

Reticulotaenia N. Gen. For Lateriporus Australis Jones And Williams, 1967, And Lateriporus Mawsoni Prudhoe, 1969 (Cestoda: Dilepididae), From Sheathbills, Chionis Spp., In Antarctica, With A Consideration Of Infraspecific Variation And Speciation, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Reticulotaenia n. gen. was established in the family Dilepididae for two species of cestodes, formerly referred to Lateriporus Fuhrmann, 1907, that are characteristic helminths in sheathbills, Chionis spp., in Antarctica. The new genus was most similar to Lateriporus and Dilepis Weinland, 1858, but was easily distinguished from these and other genera of Dilepidinae having a unilateral genital pore. The salient features of Reticulotaenia were a rostellum armed with a single row of 10 hooks, a vaginal sphincter, and a reticulate ovary and uterus. Reticulotaenia australis (Jones and Williams, 1967) n. comb. was redescribed on the basis of specimens from Chionis …

Helminth Parasites Of Thomomys Bulbivorus (Richardson) (Rodentia: Geomyidae), With The Description Of A New Species Of Hymenolepis (Cestoda), Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A cestode, Hymenolepis tualatinensis n. sp., is described from the pocket gopher, Thomomys bulbivorus (Richardson) (Rodentia: Geomyidae), from the Willamette Valley in Oregon. Helminths of four additional species were found. Trichuris fossor Hall, 1916, Ransomus rodentorum Hall, 1916, Heligmosomoides thomomyos Gardner and Jasmer, 1983, and Hymenolepis horrida (von Linstow, 1901), of which all but H. thomomyos represent new host records. A significant change in prevalence of the whipworm T. fossor in the population of T. bulbivorus from spring through summer was noted. Significant differences in prevalence of infection of helminths in pocket gophers collected from two different …

Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Of Microtus Spp. (Rodentia: Arvicolidae) From The United States, Mexico, And Japan, With Descriptions Of Five New Species, Tedman L. Vance, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Beginning in July 1980, 149 voles (Microtus spp.) representing 9 species and 14 subspecies collected in Japan, Mexico and the United States were examined for coccidia; 67 (45%) had oocysts in their feces. These included 1 of 3 (33%) M. californicus sactidiegi; 0 of 1 M. longicaudus longicaudus; 0 of 1 M. l. macrurus; 48 of 111 (43%) M. mexicanus including 11 of 26 (42%) M. m. fulviventer, 1 of 2 (50%) M. m. fundatus, 13 of 31 (42%) M. m. mexicanus, 1 of 4 (25%) M. m. mogollonensis and 22 of 48 …

Eimeria From Bats Of The World: A New Species In Tomopeas Ravus From Peru, Donald W. Duszynski, Linda J. Barkley

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two of 17 (12%) crevice bats, Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), from Peru had coccidian oocysts in their feces when examined. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tomopea n. sp. are ellipsoid to subspheroid, 30.6 x 24.6 (26-34 x 20-28) μm with ovoid sporocysts 13.9 x 9.0 (12-15 x 8-10) μm. A micropyle and substieda body are absent, but polar bodies, oocyst and sporocyst residua, and small, indistinct Stieda bodies are present. The oocyst wall is thick, ≈1.5 μm and consists of 2 layers, the outermost being rough and mammillated. This is only the 13th eimerian to be described from bats worldwide. The …

Presidential Address: Parasitology: Retrospect And Prospect, Robert L. Rausch, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Transcript of the presidential address given by Dr. Robert L. Rausch, of the University of Washington, at the 59th Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, August 9, 1984, in Snowbird, Utah, with a transcript of introductory remarks given by Dr. Gerald D. Schmidt, of the University of Northern Colorado.

Nearshore Foodwebs And The Distribution Of Acanthocephalan Parasites In Antarctic Seabirds, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Field studies, in the vicinity of Palmer Station during the austral summer of 1982— 1983, yielded an extensive collection of acanthocephalans and other parasites from seabirds, fish and invertebrates. The continuing analysis of this material has resulted in the elucidation of factors that control the occurrence of Corynosoma spp. in Antarctic seabirds. Notably, the host-distribution of Corynosoma spp. suggested that these parasites were being acquired from piscine or possibly amphipod prey, generally in nearshore habitats.

Development And Life Cycles, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Embryological development and biology of the Acanthocephala occupied the attention of several early investigators. Most notable among these were Leuckart (1862), Schneider (1871), Hamann (1891 a) and Kaiser (1893). These works and others, including his own observations, were summarized by Meyer (1933) in the monograph celebrated by the present volume. For this reason findings of these early researchers are not discussed further, except to say that it would be difficult to find more elegant, detailed and correct studies of acanthocephalan ontogeny than those published by these pioneers.

Since Meyer's monograph, many studies have been published on most aspects of …

A List Of Records Of Freshwater Aspidogastrids (Trematoda) And Their Hosts In North America, Sherman S. Hendrix, Malcolm F. Vidrine, Raymond H. Hartenstine

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Published records for the six species of North American freshwater aspidogastrid trematodes from molluscs and vertebrates have been compiled, listing both hosts and localities for state or province. Seventeen new unionid mussel hosts (Bivalvia) are reported for Aspidogaster conchicola along with new state records for Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, New York, Virginia, and San Luis Potosi (Mexico); 12 new unionid host species for Cotylaspis insignis, with new state records for Arkansas, Delaware, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin; five new unionid hosts for Cotylogaster occidentalis, with new state records for Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, …

The Pentastomid Sebekia Mississippiensis Sp. N. In The American Alligator And Other Hosts, Robin M. Overstreet, J. Teague Self, Kent A. Vliet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Sebekia mississippiensis sp. n. is described from Alligator mississippiensis in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Florida. Closely related to S. oxycephala in South American crocodilians, it differs by having a smaller and less spinous hook shield, a broader base for the posterior extensions of the oral cadre. and a thinner and more delicate tegument. The male reproductive system differs somewhat from that described for other pentastomids. Nymphs parasitize several fishes as well as turtles, snakes, and mammals.

Introduction [To Biology Of The Acanthocephala], Brent B. Nickol

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Introduction to Biology of the Acanthocephala, edited by D.W.T. Crompton and Brent B. Nickol; Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Development And Life Cycles: [Chapter 8 In Biology Of The Acanthocephala], Gerald D. Schmidt, Brent B. Nickol

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Embryological development and biology of the Acanthocephala occupied the attention of several early investigators. Most notable among these were Leuckart (1862), Schneider (1871), Hamann (1891a) and Kaiser (1893). These works and others, including his own observations, were summarized by Meyer (1933) in the monograph celebrated by the present volume. For this reason findings of these early researchers are not discussed further, except to say that it would be difficult to find more elegant, detailed and correct studies of acanthocephalan ontogeny than those published by these pioneers.

Since Meyer's monograph, many studies have been published on most aspects of the biology …

Epizootiology: [Chapter 9 In Biology Of The Acanthocephala], Brent B. Nickol

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In practice, epizootiology deals with how parasites spread through host populations, how rapidly the spread occurs and whether or not epizootics result. Prevalence, incidence, factors that permit establishment of infection, host response to infection, parasite fecundity and methods of transfer are, therefore, aspects of epizootiology. Indeed, most aspects of a parasite could be related in sorne way to epizootiology, but many of these topics are best considered in other contexts. General patterns of transmission, adaptations that facilitate transmission, establishment of infection and occurrence of epizootics are discussed in this chapter.

When life cycles are unknown, little progress can be made …

Effects Of Space Shuttle Exhaust Plumes On Gills Of Some Estuarine Fishes: A Light And Electron Microscopic Study, William E. Hawkins, Robin M. Overstreet, Mark J. Provancha

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The first few launches of the space shuttle resulted in fish kills in a lagoon near the launch site. To study this phenomenon further, sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna), and mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) were exposed to the exhaust plume in buckets placed near the launch site. An open bucket provided a full exposure, a partly closed one provided an intermediate exposure, and a closed one was the control. Three h after launch, the pH of the water from the full exposure had decreased from about 7 to about 3, Al and …

A New Gall-Forming Species Of Anguina Scopoli, 1777 (Nemata: Anguinidae) On Bluegrass, Poa Annua L., From The Coast Of California, I. Cid Del Prado Vera, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Anguina pacificae n. sp. is described and illustrated from stem galls on bluegrass, Poa annua L., from golf courses along coastal California. The females are characterized by constrictions in the anterior and posterior connections of the isthmus with the respective parts of the esophagus, the long multicellular columella, and the sharply pointed tail tip. Males are dorsally curved after death; body width is increased markedly after 13 annuli in both sexes, and the tail is conical and with an acute terminus.

In Memoriam: Konstantin Minaevich Ryzhikov, 1912-1983, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obituary of Konstantin Minaevich Ryzhikov, 1912-1983.

Alcataenia Pygmaeus Sp. N. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) From The Whiskered Auklet, Aethia Pygmaea, In The Western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, With A Comment On The Genera Alcataenia And Rissotaenia, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Alcataenia pygmaeus sp. n. is described from whiskered auklets, Aethia pygmaea (Gmelin), from the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska. It is distinguished from its congeners by the overall small size of the strobila and a combination of other characters. The rostellum is armed with 34-38 hooks that measure 41-49 µm in length. The cirrus sac is relatively short, 101-174 µm in length, and reaches or just crosses the poral osmoregulatory canals. There are 36-50 testes located entirely posterior to the female organs. The scolex is deeply embedded in the mucosal tissue of the duodenum of the host. This is the first …

Discobothrium Caribbensis Sp. N., A Lecanicephalidean Cestode From A Yellow-Spotted Stingray, Urolophus Jamaicensis, In Jamaica, Scott Lyell Gardner, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Discobothrium caribbensis sp. n. (Lecanicephalidea) is described from the spiral valve of the yellow- spotted stingray, Urolophus jamaicensis from Jamaica. The new species is the only member of the genus described with four testes. It is most similar in number of testes to D. japonicum Yamaguti, 1934, which has six testes and a myzorhynchus. A myzorhynchus is absent in D. caribbensis.

The Taxonomic Status Of Echinococcus Cruzi Brumpt And Joyeux, 1924 (Cestoda: Taeniidae) From An Agouti (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae) In Brazil, Robert L. Rausch, A. D'Alessandro, M. Ohbayashi

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Paratype material of Echinococcus cruzi Brumpt and Joyeux, 1924, described from an agouti, Dasyprocta leporina (L.), in Brazil, was compared with Echinococcus oligarthrus (Diesing, 1863), of which the larval stage occurs also in agoutis and other rodents in South America and Central America. Comparisons of the larval cestodes (metacestodes) showed that the rostellar hooks from protoscolices of the two taxa corresponded in form, and their slightly greater lengths in E. cruzi were considered to be of no taxonomic significance. They agreed as well in other morphological characteristics. Echinococcus cruzi was compared also with the other neotropical species, E. vogeli Rausch …

Ultrastructure Of The Interface Between Stages Of Eimeria Funduli (Apicomplexa) And Hepatocytes Of The Longnose Killifish, Fundulus Similis, William E. Hawkins, John W. Fournie, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The interface between stages of Eimeria funduli and hepatocytes of the experimentally infected killifish Fundulus similis was studied ultrastructurally. Parasitophorous vacuoles (PV's) in which meronts, macrogamonts, and microgamonts developed were lined by an inner, smooth membrane and an outer, ribosome-studded membrane. The outer membrane bordered on the cytoplasm of the host cell, whereas the inner one limited the PV. The origins of these membranes have not been determined with certainty, but images were observed in which both membranes appeared to be continuous with the outer nuclear membrane of the host cell. Furthermore, the outer PV membrane was continuous with membranes …

Review Of Concepts In Nematode Systematics: Proceedings Of An International Symposium Held Jointly With The Association Of Applied Biologists, By A.R. Stone, H.M. Platt, L.F. Khalil And D.L. Hawksworth (Academic Press, 1983), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Review of Concepts in Nematode Systematics: Proceedings of an International Symposium held jointly with the Association of Applied Biologists, in Cambridge, September 2-4, 1981, by A.R. Stone, H.M. Platt, L.F. Khalil and D.L. Hawksworth (Academic Press, 1983).

Helminth Parasites Of The Endangered Houston Toad, Bufo Houstonensis Sanders, 1953 (Amphibia, Bufonidae), Robert A. Thomas, Steven A. Nadler, W. Lynn Jagers

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The Houston toad, Bufo houstonensis Sanders, has an extremely restricted range in southeastern Texas, being known historically from 6 counties with viable populations remaining in only 2, Due to its relative rarity and federally protected status as an endangered species, its parasites have received attention only once. Harwood (1932, Proc. U.S. Natl Mus. 81: 1-71) identified 2 Harris County specimens of this toad as B. terrestris and reported Cosmocercoides dukae (Oxyuridae) in both and Oswaldocruzia pipiens (Diaphanocephalidae) in 1. In the course ofecological studies on the Houston toad, additional information on its parasitic helminths has been acquired.

Trematode Parasites Of Marine Birds In Antarctica: The Distribution Of Gymnophallus Deliciosus (Olsson 1893), Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

During continuing studies of avian helminths at Palmer Station, Antarctica (Hoberg 1983) trematodes were found as parasites only of charadriiform birds. Digeneans were not represented in extensive collections (including several thousand specimens of helminths) from spheniscids, procellariids, and phalacrocoracids.

The pattern of distribution of trematodes in marine birds in Antarctica is influenced by the availability of suitable intermediate hosts (mollusca) and the foraging behavior of potential final hosts. Littoral environments near Palmer are structurally simple and of low diversity due to ice scouring. The limpet, Nacella polaris, is the dominant intertidal invertebrate and one of the few molluscs that …

Postembryonic Development Of The Redwood Nematode, Rhizonema Sequoiae (Nemata: Heteroderidae), I. Cid Del Prado Vera, Armand R. Maggenti, B. F. Lownsbery

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Second-stage larvae of Rhizonema sequoiae Cid del Prado Vera et al. developed into adult females in 6 months or adult males in 3-4 months on roots of Sequoia sempervirens maintained in a growth chamber at 16 C with a 12-hour light period. Under these conditions the second-stage larvae increased in diameter, the central cells of the genital primordium increased in size, and their nuclei enlarged. Mesenchymal cells accumulated in the esophageal and tail regions. Second-stage larvae become third-stage males or females 2 months after inoculation of redwood roots. Their sex could be distinguished by the ratio of length to width …