Parasitology Commons^™

Cucullanus Palmeri N. Sp. (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) From The Batfish Ogcocephalus Nasutus In The Gulf Of Mexico, John L. Crites, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cucullanus palmeri n. sp. is described from the shortnose batfish, Ogcocephalus nasutus, in the Gulf of Mexico. This species is anatomically most similar to Cucullanus gendrei but differs from it in having a shorter esophagus and longer tail. Males differ in having a smaller gubernaculum and a different arrangement of a lateral caudal papilla. Cucullanus palmeri is readily distinguished from Cucullanus lophii, also from a lophiform fish host, in that the deirids and excretory pore are not posterior to the posterior end of the esophagus like in C. lophii.

Parasite Biodiversity And Emerging Pathogens: A Role For Systematics In Limiting Impacts On Genetic Resources, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Emergence of pathogenic organisms continues as a threat to overall biodiversity and genetic resources. Macroparasites including helminths constitute a potential threat to economically important resources in agriculture and conservation biology. Limitation of this threat can be achieved through survey and inventory for biodiversity and the application of systematics to understand the host range , biogeography and history of faunas. Systematics constitutes the foundation for recognition of endemic and introduced elements of faunas and the basis for predicting the behavior of pathogens introduced to new ecological settings or host groups. The basis for emergence of pathogens has both a deep historical …

Isoelectric Focusing Of Soluble Proteins In The Characterization Of Species And Isolates Of Nematodirus (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea), Lora G. Rickard, Eric P. Hoberg, Donna M. Mulrooney, Gary L. Zimmerman

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Isoelectric focusing was performed on extracts from Nematodirus spathiger, Nematodirus filicollis, Nematodirus helvetianus, and three geographic isolates of Nematodirus battus. Gender-specific differences were noted within species; however, the overall protein profile of each species and isolate was distinct and reproducible and allowed unequivocal differentiation. A coefficient of similarity (Sm) for males of each species and isolate was calculated, and a dendrogram, based on evaluation of Sm by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means, was produced. Although cluster analysis of the three isolates of N. battus indicates the North American and Weybridge isolates are similar, interpretation …

Genetic Susceptibility Of Cultured Shrimp (Penaeus Vannamei) To Infectious Hypodermal And Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus And Baculovirus Penaei: Possible Relationship With Growth Status And Metabolic Gene Expression, Acacia Alcivar-Warren, Robin M. Overstreet, Arun K. Dhar, Keith Astrofsky, William H. Carr, James Sweeney, Jeffrey M. Lotz

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Offspring of four crosses (I, II, III, and IV) of Penaeus vannamei from known high- and low-growth families were challenged with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and Baculovirus penaei (BP) to compare their susceptibility to these viral agents and examine the genetic component involved in disease resistance or susceptibility. Family crosses were made using broodstock from five families developed by the U.S. Marine Shrimp Farming Program. The prevalence of IHHNV infection was highest in cross I and lowest in cross III. Cross I was developed using male and female broodstock from the low-growth family 1.6, and cross III …

Paradigm Shifts And Tapeworm Systematics, Eric P. Hoberg, Scott Lyell Gardner, Ronald A. Campbell

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The phylogeny of tapeworms provided the focus for the 2nd International Workshop for Tapeworm Systematics, which led to the development of novel hypotheses from the ordinal to the species level for taxa of the Eucestoda. Conceptual roots for this meeting ema­nated from discussions initiated during the Ist Workshop chaired by Claude Vaucher and Jean Mariaux at the Museum of Natural History, Geneva in 1993.

Coccidia From Bats (Chiroptera) Of The World: A New Eimeria Species In Pipistrellus Javanicus From Japan, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Fecal samples from 56 Japanese bats representing 6 species in 2 families were examined for coccidian oocysts. Two of the 56 (< 4%) were infected with coccidia; however, only 1 animal was infected with sufficient numbers of sporulated oocysts to allow the description of a new species of Eimeria. Sporulated oocysts (n = 150) of this new species are subspheroidal, 20.3 x 18.1 (16-25 x 14-21) μm, with ellipsoidal sporocysts 10.6 x 6.6 (8-12 x 5-8) μm; this species occurred in 1 of 4 (25%) pipistrelles, Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray, 1838) (Vespertilionidae). Oocysts of another coccidium, also an Eimeria sp., were found in 1 of 3 (33%) horseshoe bats, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) (Rhinolophidae), but only 2 sporulated oocysts were seen, which is not enough …

Parasitological Data As Monitors Of Environmental Health, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

When an appropriate fish host is selected, analysis of its parasites offers a useful, reliable, economical, telescoped indication or monitor of environmental health. The value of that information increases when corroborated by another non-parasitological technique. The analysis of parasites is not necessarily simple because not all hosts serve as good models and because the number of species, presence of specific species, intensity of infections, life histories of species, location of species in hosts, and host response for each parasitic species have to be addressed individually to assure usefulness of the tool. Also, different anthropogenic contaminants act in a distinct manner …

Parasitological Data As Monitors Of Environmental Health, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

When an appropriate fish host is selected, analysis of its parasites offers a useful, reliable, economical, telescoped indication or monitor of environmental health. The value of that information increases when corroborated by another non-parasitological technique. The analysis of parasites is not necessarily simple because not all hosts serve as good models and because the number of species, presence of specific species, intensity of infections, life histories of species, location of species in hosts, and host response for each parasitic species have to be addressed individually to assure usefulness of the tool. Also, different anthropogenic contaminants act in a distinct manner …

Flea News 53 (December 1996), Robert E. Lewis

Flea News

Robert E. Lewis to retitre from Iowa State University effective January 1, 1997

Book reviews

Obituaries: Robert S. Traub (October 26, 1916-December 21, 1996); Dorald Mervin Allred (July 11, 1923-June 20, 1996)

Miscellanea

Siphonaptera literature

Report: Use of an orally administered insect development inhibitor (Lufenuron) as a flea control agent in the California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi by Richard M. Davis

Phylogenetic Analysis Of Opisthadena (Digenea: Hemiuridae), Virginia León-Règagnon, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De León, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Systematic study of the closely related hemiurid genera Mitrostoma, Neopisthadena and Opisthadena revealed that Opisthadena cortesi is a junior synonym of Opisthadena dimidia and Opisthadena fujianensis and Opisthadena marina are species inquirendae. Phylogenetic analysis of the 7 recognized species, based on 21 transformation series derived from comparative morphologic characters, produced a single tree with a consistency index of 0.735. The five species of the genus Opisthadena constitute a monophyletic clade and Neopisthadena habei is their sister group. Mitrostoma nototheniae is the sister group of the other 6 members of the clade. Geographic distribution suggests an ancient circum-Pacific distribution of …

Hemorrhagic Gastritis In Free-Living Rodents In Idaho, Patricia G. Wilber, Donald W. Duszynski, B. Van Horne

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Between February 1992 and March 1994, four species of rodent from the Snake River Birds of Prey Area near Boise, Idaho (USA) were necropsied. Hemorrhagic gastritis was observed in 16 of 131 Townsend’s ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii), one of 11 Ord’s kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii) and the one Great Basin pocket mouse (Perognathus parvus) evaluated. No lesions were observed in 14 white-footed deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Tissue from one Townsend’s ground squirrel was negative for Helicobacter sp.-like bacteria.

In Memoriam: John Teague Self (1906-1995), John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Obituary of John Teague Self, parasitologist, 1906-1995.

Flea News 52 (July 1996), Robert E. Lewis

Flea News

Editorial, Robert E. Lewis

Miscellanea

Announcement

Siphonaptera literature

New flea species

A Survey Of The Coccidian Parasites Of Reptiles From Islands Of The Galápagos Archipelago: 1990-1994, Lee Couch, Paul A. Stone, Donald W. Duszynski, Howard L. Snell, Heidi M. Snell

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

From 1990 through 1994, fecal samples were collected and examined for coccidian parasites from 26 giant land tortoises Geochelone nigra, from 715 lava lizards Tropidurus spp., from 139 land iguanas Conolophus subcristatus, and from 128 marine iguanas Amblyrhynchus cristatus, all of which inhabit various islands in the Galápagos Archipelago. None of the samples from A. cristatus or from C. subcristatus was infected with coccidia. Only 1 of 26 (4%) G. nigra was infected with a single Eimeria species that we describe here as new. A total of 262 of 715 (37%) individuals representing 3 species of Tropidurus …

A New Species Of Acanthobothrium Van Beneden, 1849 (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) In Dasyatis Longus Garman (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatididae) From Chamela Bay, Jalisco, Mexico, Scott Monks, Daniel R. Brooks, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De León

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A new species of Acanthobothrium in Dasyatis longus from Chamela Bay, Jalisco, Mexico, is a member of a presumed clade of species diagnosed by being anapolytic or nearly so, having more than 100 testes per proglottis, with immature and mature proglottides wider than long to square, aspinose scolex, muscular bothridia fused to the scolex at their posterior ends, H- to V-shaped ovaries, relatively short symmetrical to asymmetrical ovarian arms that extend anteriorly to, or nearly to, the cirrus sac, and vitellaria arranged in fields rather than a single row of follicles. The new species most closely resembles Acanthobothrium terezae from …

Two New Species Of Tetraphyllidean Cestodes In Himantura Pacifica (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatididae) From The Northwest Coast Of Costa Rica, Fernando Marques, Daniel R. Brooks, Helena Molina Ureña

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two new species of tetraphyllidean cestodes inhabiting Himantura pacifica from the northwest coast of Costa Rica are apparently most closely related to species inhabiting Himantura schmardae from the Atlantic coast of Colombia. Acanthobothroides pacificus n. sp. differs from Acanthobothroides horsoni, the only other species in the genus, primarily by having smaller lateral (98-123 μm rather than 168-198 μm long) and medial (handles 92-116 μm rather than 162-168 μm long) hooks, and more testes (up to 125 rather than up to 97) per proglottis. The generic diagnosis of Acanthobothroides is modified to include the presence of a small inner prong …

Behavioral Basis Of Second Intermediate Host Specificity Among Four Species Of Haematoloechus (Digenea: Haematoloechidae), Scott D. Snyder, John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Cercarial behavior patterns were examined in four species of frog lung flukes (Haematoloechus spp.). Cercariae of Haematoloechus complexus, Haematoloechus medioplexus, Haematoloechus longiplexus, and Haematoloechus varioplexus were exposed to three species of experimental arthropods and an inanimate control. The number of cercariae attached to an experimental host at 5 min postexposure was recorded. Haematoloechus longiplexus and H. complexus cercariae attached to experimental hosts at higher rates than cercariae of H. medioplexus and H. varioplexus. Cercariae of H. longiplexus attached to experimental hosts in approximately the same numbers as H. complexus, but H. longiplexus penetrated only damselfly naiads, …

Burhinotaenia Colombiana N. Sp. (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea) From The Double-Striped Stone Curlew Burhinus Bistriatus (Aves, Charadriiformes) In Colombia, Boyko B. Georgiev, Éva Murai, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Burhinotaenia colombiana n. sp. (Dilepididae) is described from the small intestine of the double-striped stone curlew Burhinus bistriatus (Burhinidae) captured at Carimagua, Colombia. The new species is distinguished from the most similar Burhinotaenia delachauxi (Baer, 1925), a parasite of the Old World Burhinus spp., by the longer cirrus-sac (375-590, average 514 μm vs. 322-393, average 354 μm) and longer rostellar hooks (412-451, average 440 μm vs. 358-367, average 364 μm). The validity of the genus Burhinotaenia Spasskii and Spasskaya, 1965 and its generic diagnosis as proposed by Bona (1994) are confirmed. This is the first record of a species of …

Re-Evaluation Of Mazamastrongylus Dagestanica (Trichostrongylidae) With Descriptions Of The Synlophe, Genital Cone, And Other Structural Characters, Eric P. Hoberg, A. V. Khrustalev

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The synlophe of specimens of Mazamastrongylus dagestanica was characterized laterally and ventrally by a strongly tapering system of ridges in the cervical zone. This pattern, including the prominent system of "hood" ridges adjacent to the excretory pore and the absence of continuous subdorsal and subventral ridges is considered typical for the genus Mazamastrongylus. The synlophe of males and females was largely identical, with 37-41 ridges at the midbody. The lateral synlophe, where 2 pairs of ridges converge and terminate on the lateralmost ridge anterior to the cervical papillae appears unique for M. dagestanica and indicates that species-specific patterns may be …

Carmine-Propionic Acid Stain For Elucidation Of Fine Cellular Structure In Nematodes, Alexander V. Khrustalev, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Carmine-propionic acid staining was found to enhance the elucidation of cellular membranes in the esophagus and genital tract and the structure of sperm in strongylate nematodes. This regressive staining technique may also have general utility for differentiation of cellular membranes and nuclear structure in other taxa of parasitic helminths.

Emended Description Of Mazamastrongylus Peruvianus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) With Comments On The Relationships Of The Genera Mazamastrongylus And Spiculopteragia, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Resurrection of Mazamastrongylus as proposed by Jansen (1986) was validated and placement of Mazamastrongylus peruvianus in this genus was confirmed, based on characters of the synlophe, copulatory bursa, and spicules. The cervical synlophe consists of a strongly tapering pattern and prominent "hood ridges" at the level of the excretory pore; there are 40 ridges at the midbody of males. The bursa is of the 2-2-1 type, with rays 2 and 3 parallel and rays 4 and 5 of near equal length and only slightly divergent at the tips. The spoon-shaped dorsal process of the spicules, typical of M. peruvianus and …

Field Parasitology Techniques For Use With Mammals, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obtaining parasites from mammals that are collected during surveys or bioinventories is time-consuming, and in the past such collections have rarely been made. Parasites and other symbionts are important components of the biology of the host, however, and must be sampled for a complete picture of its ecology and other aspects of its life history. For example, work on parasite diversity and biogeography of mammals in Bolivia (Gardner and Duszynski 1990; Gardner 1991: Gardner et al. 1991; Gardner and Campbell 1992a, 1992b) could not have been accomplished without proper collections of the parasite and symbiont fauna of the hosts.

Many …

Técnicas De Parasitología De Practicas De Campo Para El Uso Durante La Investigación De Mamíferos, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

First paragraph of the introduction:

La obtención de parásitos de mamíferos que son colectados durante las investigaciones o bio-inventarios toma mucho tiempo; y en el pasado, estas colectas ráramente se realizaban. De cualquier forma, los parásitos y otros simbiotas forman un componente importante de las características biologicas y ecologicas de los hospederos y deben ser muestreados. Por ejemplo, trabajos recientes en la diversidad parasitaria y la biogeografía en mamíferos de Bolivia por Gardner y Duszynski (1990), Gardner (1991), y Gardner y Campbell (1992 a,b) no hubiera popdido realizarse sin el trabajo de colección apropiado de la fauna parasitaria/simbiótica de los …

Faunal Diversity Among Avian Parasite Assemblages: The Interaction Of History, Ecology, And Biogeography In Marine Systems, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Systematics and parasite biodiversity provide power and predictability in broad studies of history, ecology and biogeography in marine systems. Parasitic helminths are elegant markers of contemporary and historical ecological relationships, geographic distribution and host-phylogeny. Complex life cycles of helminths are strongly correlated with intricate food-webs. Dependence on a series of intermediate, paratenic, and definitive hosts indicates that each parasite species represents an array of organisms within a community and tracks broadly and predictably across many trophic levels. Host and geographic ranges of parasites are historically constrained by genealogical and ecological associations, and these determinents interact resulting in characteristic parasite community …

Microevolutionary Patterns And Molecular Markers: The Genetics Of Geographic Variation In Ascaris Suum, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Molecular markers have been used only rarely to characterize the population genetic structure of nematodes. Published studies have suggested that different taxa may show distinct genetic architectures. Isoenzyme and RAPD markers have been used to investigate geographic variation of Ascaris suum at the level of infrapopulations (nematodes within individual hosts), within localities, and among geographic regions. Independent estimates of genetic differentiation among population samples based on isoenzyme and RAPD data showed similar patterns and substantial correlation. Heterozygote deficiencies within infrapopulations and large values for inbreeding coefficients among infrapopulations suggested that the composition of these populations was not consistent with a …

Analytical Perspectives On A Protohistoric Cache Of Ceramic Jars From The Lower Colorado Desert, James M. Bayman, Richard H. Hevly, Boma Johnson, Karl J. Reinhard, Richard Ryan

Karl Reinhard Publications

A cache of hermetically sealed ceramic jars found in the Lower Colorado Desert was examined using chronometric dating, pollen and macrofossil extraction, design analysis, and water retention experimentation. The cache apparently dates to the protohistoricfifteenth through seventeenth centuries. Findings from these studies contribute to knowledge in four problem areas: (1) ceramic jar function and use-history; (2) storage technology and caching behavior; (3) ceramic dating and chronology; and (4) symbolic iconography. Biotic remains from inside the jars document their use for transporting a variety of riverine and desert plants, before they were finally filled with flowers and seeds, and placed in …

The Synlophe And Other Structural Characteristics Of Sarwaria Bubalis (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) From Cattle In Guyana, J. Ralph Lichtenfels, Eric P. Hoberg, Patricia A. Pilitt, T. M. Craig

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The synlophe (longitudinal, surface cuticular ridges) of Sarwaria bubalis is described for the first time. It is a tapering lateral synlophe of about 40 ridges. The synlophe of S. bubalis is similar to that of Ostertagia ostertagi but markedly different from that of species of Spiculopteragia and Mazamastrongylus. New information is provided also on the structure of the esophagus and perivulval pores. The esophageal valve is more than twice as long as wide. The bilateral perivulval pores were located 192-267 μm posterior to the vulva and dorsal to the lateral lines. The new information will be useful in a …