Parasitology Commons^™

A New Blood Fluke From Turtles, Henry Baldwin Ward

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

For several years an interesting trematode has been under observation in the laboratory here. It occurs in various species of turtles, and was first discovered in some material shipped in from the south for class work. Peculiar importance attaches to the fact that it is a species inhabiting the circulatory system, and in fact it shows a relationship to the blood-inhabiting flukes of man which has become more clearly evident as the observations have accumulated. Since the material is easily obtained, it will afford perhaps the best opportunity available in this country for the laboratory study of forms adapted to …

Un Linguatulide Nouveau Parasite D’Un Batracien, Louis Gedoelst

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Parmi des matériaux parasitqlogiques rec;us de l'Indian Museum de Calcutta et comprenant essentiellement des larves de dipteres, nous avons trouvé un objet d'un particulier intérêt, dont nous donnons la description ci-après.

Albert Francis Coutant [Obituary]

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Obituary of Albert Francis Coutant, parasitologist. Born Brooklyn, New York, USA, July 7, 1892 - Died April 18, 1919, Manila, Philippine Islands.

Bibliograpy

Coutant, Albert F. 1915. The habits, life history and structure of a blood-sucking muscid larva (Protocalliphora azurea). Journal of Parasitology 1: 135-150.

Coutant, Albert F. 1916. Chenopodium poisoning: Report of case. Journal of the American Medical Association 67: 1,599-1,600.

Coutant, Albert F. 1918. An epidemic of influenza at Manila, P. I. Journal of the American Medical Association 71: 1,566-1,567.

Notes On North American Myxosporidia, Henry Baldwin Ward

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

In this paper are published data on three new species of Myxosporidia. Two species were observed in Lake Erie as parasites of a minnow; the third came from a species of Pacific salmon. Both cases present some unusual features that seem worthy of record.

Included are descriptions of Myxobolus aureatus nov. spec., Henneguya brachyura nov. sp., and Henneguya salminicola nov. spec.

I am greatly indebted to my colleague, Dr. Rokusaburo Kudo, for valuable assistance given while I was working up the material. The beautiful sketch illustrating the species from Lake Erie was prepared by Mrs. H. S. Jennings, to whom …

On The Specific Identity Of Heronimus Chelydrae Maccallum And Aorchis Extensus Barker And Parsons, Horace Wesley Stunkard

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

The monostomes are among the least known of North American trematode groups. Records give descriptions of only six species, each the single representative of a genus, and according to the classification of Ward (1918) belonging to four different families. Existing descriptions in most cases are far from complete and data necessary for taxonomic determination are lacking. This deficiency has been pointed out by other workers, both in this country and in Europe, and the classification of the monostomes is not well established. In fact, certain investigators regard them as aberrant forms, sprung from different distome groups, which alike have lost …

Winthrop Davenport Foster [Obituary]

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

December 28, 1880, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA - October 6, 1918, Washington, DC, USA. Cause of death: Pneumonia, as a complication of influenza.

Winthrop Davenport Foster's work in parasitology was done principally on the parasites of swine and along the lines of critical tests of the efficacy of anthelmintics, though he published a number of notes on other lines.

On A Species Of Hedruris Occurring Commonly In The Western Newt, Notophthalmus Torosus, Asa C. Chandler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

It has recently been pointed out by Ward and Magath (1916) that the nematode fauna of North American freshwater fishes is almost unknown. From a survey of the literature this state of affairs appears to be almost if not quite as true of the nematodes of other cold-blooded vertebrates in North America.

While making stomach examinations of the Western Newt or water-dog, Notophthalmus torosus, the writer found a large percent of specimens captured in the vicinity of Corvallis, Oregon, infested by a nematode which was evidently a species of Hedruris. The structure and ecology of this worm are …

On The Structure And Classification Of North American Parasitic Worms, Henry Baldwin Ward

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

For many years I have been engaged in the study of parasitic worms from North American freshwater hosts, mostly fish; during this time I have had opportunity to examine and compare material from a large number of localities embracing many widely separated points. In this work I have been aided very greatly by studies on individual groups undertaken and published under my direction by various graduate students to whom my obligation is freely expressed here. In connection with this work it has been necessary to examine critically all original records of parasites from similar hosts and to endeavor to reach …

Notes On Some Nematodes From Fresh-Water Fishes, Henry Baldwin Ward, Thomas B. Magath

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

The parasitic nematodes are of conspicuous importance in the field of human disease and also in diseases of the domestic animals, and in his treatise on fish diseases, Hofer (1906), discussing the significance in fish culture of parasites and parasitic disease5, states that among them the nematodes outrank all others in number of types. Yet as fish parasites these forms are almost unknown in North America, and references to them are confined to a few brief notes, almost all of which came from the pen of the distinguished Philadelphia microscopist, anatomist, and parasitologist, Joseph Leidy, whose pioneer work published between …

Notes On Two Free-Living Larval Trematodes From North America, Henry Baldwin Ward

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Summary

A description is given of the structure and activity of two new cercariae of peculiar type captured free in Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair. They are designated Cercaria anchoroides nov. spec. and C. gorgonocephala nov. spec., and are compared with known European species. Although such an occurrence must be common, these forms are the first to be taken in open fresh waters.

On The Anatomy And Relationships Of Some North American Trematodes, Horace Wesley Stunkard

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Summary

Extended study of North American representatives of the three trematode families, Polystomidae, Aspidogastridae, and Paramphistomidae has made possible the first comprehensive treatment in this country of their structure and classification. Four new species are added to the genus Polystoma and three new species of two new genera are added to the Paramphistomidae.

Gongylonema In The Role Of A Human Parasite, Henry Baldwin Ward

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Summary

A specimen of Gongylonema, probably G. pulchrum, has been recovered from man. This species is normally a parasite of the pig.

Infection of the human host was brought about probably by the ingestion of larvae in the infective stage which had developed in some insect. Very likely the croton bug, known by experiment to be able to serve as intermediate host for this species, was the source of the infection which might readily occur by accident.

The presence of the parasite was accompanied by clinical symptoms indicating marked digestive and nervous disturbances, associated with anemia. These symptoms …

Notes On The Trematode Genus Telorchis With Descriptions Of A New Species, Horace Wesley Stunkard

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Summary

The study of abundant material, both adult and immature forms from the trematode genus Telorchis, including four species new to science and others from new hosts and localities, has given data for the first general discussion of the genus yet made. The sub-genera Telorchis and Cercorchis proposed by Lühe intergrade and can not be retained. T. augustus and T. leptus if correctly described should be removed to an independent genus. The new and some older species are discussed in detail.

Mallophaga From Apteryx, And Their Significance, With A Note On The Genus Rallicola, Launcelot Harrison

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Regards the skins of five species of Apteryx in the collection at the Cambridge University Museum in England. From these were collected three species of Mallophaga belonging to the genus Rallicola. These are described with discussion about the significance of this occurrence upon Apteryx, from which no Mallophaga have previously been recorded.

Otacariasis In The Bighorn, Henry Baldwin Ward

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Summary

The ear of a mountain sheep at Estes Park, Colorado, USA, was found to be heavily infested with a Sarcoptid mite which was not the common scab mite of domesticated sheep but is new in this country.

This form is similar to a mite found in the ear of goats in the Pyrenees and in the Congo. Nevertheless there is reason to consider it a new species and it is named Psoroptes cervinae.

The complaint to which it gives rise is likely to be serious if its effects are like those of the related European form. The Bighorn …

The Habits, Life History, And Structure Of A Blood-Sucking Muscid Larva (Protocalliphora Azurea), Albert Francis Coutant

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

While studying the blood parasites Halteridium and Proteosoma, and the Filaria of the common crow (Corvus americana), my attention was attracted by an external parasite of some young nestlings which were brought into the laboratory. Observations on this parasite, which proved to be the larva of Protocalliphora azurea (Fall.), form the basis of this paper. The parasite is the immature form of one of the so-called "blue-bottle" or flesh-flies, whose larvae are generally regarded as useful scavengers. More careful observations on the life-histories of many species, however, have shown that they may be, and often are, parasites …

A Revision Of The Cestode Family Proteocephalidae, George Roger La Rue

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Introduction

Several years ago while studying under Professor Henry B. Ward .at the University of Nebraska the writer began an investigation of a cestode parasitic in Amblystoma tigrinum (Green). That investigation resulted in a paper (La Rue 1909) in which a number of points in the anatomy of Proteocephalids were cleared up and certain problems were -outlined for investigation at an early date. In the meantime the writer became interested in the large number of Proteocephalids which Professor Ward had secured by work in the field and by exchange. The writer had also made some collections. A preliminary study of …

The Destruction Of The Vitality Of Cysticercus Bovis By Freezing, Brayton H. Ransom

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

First two paragraphs:

The question as to the length of time Cysticercus bovis may survive after the death of its host has been quite definitely settled by the researches of Perroncito, Zschocke, Ostertag and others. Perroncito (1877) found that the cysticerci in an artificially infested calf were all dead fourteen days after the slaughter of the animal. However, Zschocke (1896) succeeded in infesting the human subject with a tapeworm by feeding five cysticerci from beef kept from fourteen to sixteen days after slaughter. No infestation followed the swallowing of five cysticerci from beef kept twenty-one days after slaughter. Ostertag (1897) …

Summary Of Two Years' Study Of Insects In Relation To Pellagra, Allan H. Jennings

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Excerpt:

With the growing interest in pellagra, following the authoritative recognition of its presence in the United States in 1907, the study of its etiology was taken up by various investigators and the several theories of causation were subjected to close scrutiny.

Prominent among these theories was that of insect transmission, first advanced by Sambon, who limited this function to the species of blood-sucking gnats comprising the genus Simulium.

The importance of the disease and the possibility of such a factor in its causation, led the Bureau of Entomology, late in 1911, to undertake an investigation of the subject …

Variation In Oxyurias: Its Bearing On The Value Of A Nematode Formula, Stanley B. Fracker

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Excerpt:

One of the most difficult problems in zoologic science is the classification of round worms. Authors and lecturers, after a carefully outlined and definitely arranged discussion of trematodes and cestodes, are compelled to consider nematodes in a somewhat desultory and inaccurate fashion. Two reasons for this may be given, the greater being the apparent lack of a basis for determining the phylogeny of the major groups, a condition with which we are not at present concerned. The other obstacle is the difficulty of differentiating between species and uncertainty as to the value of different kinds of taxonomic characters. The …

Observations On The Eggs Of Ascaris Lumbricoides, Winthrop D. Foster

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

First paragraph:

The appearance of the ova of Ascaris lumbricoides as seen in fresh feces is so well known to physicians and zoologists that description is unnecessary. Occasionally, however, ascarid eggs are found which differ so widely from the normal egg of Ascaris lumbricoides as to cause considerable confusion on the part of observers, and may even be so misleading in appearance as to be attributed to another species. One of these atypical forms, the unfertilized egg of Ascaris lumbricoides, first reported by Miura and Nishiuchi (1902), is by no means rare, and is usually seen in the feces …

Dr. Nott's Theory Of Insect Causation Of Disease, William A. Riley

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Excerpt:

The danger in using isolated sentences from an article as a basis for interpreting the author's theories, is generally recognized, but sometimes the most careful workers fall into the trap. Once the mistaken interpretation is published, it may be copied over and over again until it rises to the dignity of a dogma.

A striking illustration is afforded by the practical unanimity with which writers on the subject of insects and disease credit Dr. Josiah Nott with being the earliest to formulate definitely the theory of mosquito transmission of yellow fever.

Nuttall, in his classic monograph On the Role …

Rhabditin, Nathan Augustus Cobb

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Excerpt:

Rhabditin is the term applied by the writer to an organic substance, the type form of which is found crystallized in brilliantly doubly refractive spheres arranged in a definite way in the cells of the intestine. Rhabditis monhystera Bütschli, and other nematodes, in whose metabolism it plays an important role.

Rhabditin crystallizes under the life influences of Rhabditis monhystera into spheres, about 1 to 3 microns in diameter, which are rather slowly soluble in water, rapidly so in alkalies and acids—in the latter without effervescence—and are insoluble or but very slowly soluble in alcohol, glycerin, xylol and oils. The …

Experimental Ingestion By Man Of Cysticerci Of Carnivore Tapeworms, Maurice C. Hall

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Excerpt:

Having experimentally eaten the larvae of dog tapeworms on two occasions, I undertook to look up the literature on this subject in connection with the ingestion of Cysticercus pisiformis to check the frequently quoted record of T. pisiformis from man. I find that there are more cases of the sort than I had supposed, so I have collected these cases in connection with a recent similar case of my own.

Taenia pisiformis, under the name of T. serrata, has been recorded as a parasite of man by Vital ( 1874), who records, in effect, two cases. One …

Contributions To A Science Of Nematology, Nathan Augustus Cobb

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Contents

I. Antarctic Marine Free-Living Nematodes of the Shackleton Expedition.

II. North American Free-Living Fresh-Water Nematodes.

III. The Asymmetry of the Nematode Bunonema inequale, n. sp.

IV. Selachinema, a New Nematode Genus with Remarkable Mandibles.

V. Notes on Nemas.

VI. The Mononchs, a Genus of Free-Living Predatory Nematodes.

VII. Filter-Bed Nemas: Nematodes of the Slow Sand Filter-Beds of American Cities.

VIII. The Orders and Classes of Nemas.

IX. One Hundred New Nemas (Type Species of 100 New Genera).

X. Howardula benigna, a Nemic Parasite Cucumber-Beetle.

XI. Marionella.

XII. Greeffiella.

XIII. An Amendation of Hoplolaimus …

Ectoparasiten Und Abstammungslehre, Heinrich Fahrenholz

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Bei Studien an parasitischen Milben im Jahre 1907 tauchte mir die Frage auf: Lassen sich aus dem Vorkommen gleicher oder verwandter Schmarotzer auf verschiedenen Wirten Rückschlüsse auf die Verwandtschaft letzterer machen?

Revision Of The Non-Combed Eyed Siphonaptera, Karl Jordan, Nathaniel Charles Rothschild

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Introduction (excerpt)

The importance of certain species of fleas in relation to the epidemiology of plague has been so amply demonstrated (see Journal of Hygiene, volumes VI 1906, p. 426, and VII 1907, p. 395) that an explanation appears scarcely necessary for our publishing a paper dealing with a revision of the non-pectinated eyed Siphonaptera. With the demonstration that fleas are capable of transmitting plague, their study at once ceased to be the mere hobby of a small group of entomological specialists. An accurate knowledge of fleas, both with regard to their structure and biology, is at present a …

The Arrhenuri Of The United States, Ruth Marshall

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The Arrhenuri comprise the largest genus of the Hydrachnidre, and one of the most highly differentiated and widely distributed. The genus is easily recognized by the following characters. The thick chitinous covering of the body is pierced by large pores. A circular furrow on the dorsal side marks off an area which is entirely enclosed in the female, in the male usually open onto the posterior extension of the body. The females are oval in form and much alike; the males are smaller and vary greatly from each other and from the females. They are characterized by a posterior prolongation …

On A Coccidium (Klossiella Muris, Gen. Et Spec. Nov.) Parasitic In The Renal Epithelium Of The Mouse, Theobald Smith, Herbert P. Johnson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

In 1889, Smith published a preliminary description of a polysporous coccidium found in the epithelium of the convoluted tubules of the mouse's kidney. Several stages of the parasite were seen but the scantiness of the material left many gaps in the life-cycle. During investigations recently made to determine the mode of transmission of the Sarcosporidium of the mouse, Smith found a considerable number of gray mice, caught in the animal room connected with this laboratory, whose kidneys were abundantly invaded by this coccidium. This favorable opportunity of examining more thoroughly into the life-history of this sporozoon was utilized, and, as …

Note On Taenia Confusa, Henry B. Ward

Studies from the University of Nebraska Zoological Laboratory

About a year ago I described in the Western Medical Review (Vol. I. pp. 35, 36) a new tape-worm under the name of Taenia confusa. Only two specimens of the form were available at that time and I have not been successful in obtaining others since then. During the past 'year, one of the students in the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Nebraska has been conducting a careful investigation of this form and one specimen has been entirely sacrificed to that purpose, In advance of the publication of his thesis it seems that I should make a short explanation …