Parasitology Commons^™

Studien An Der Helminthenfauna Von Alaska. Iv. Haploparaxis Galli N. Sp., Ein Cestode Aus Dem Schneehuhn, Lagopus Rupestris (Gmelin) = Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Iv., Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Eine neue Haploparaxis--Art, H. galli, aus dem Darm des Schneehuhns, Lagopus rupestris (Gmelin), wird beschrieben und von den verwandten Formen differenziert. Die typische Lokalität ist Tolugaksee, Brooksgebirge, arktisches Alaska.

Hydatid Disease (Echinococcosis) In Alaska And The Importance Of Rodent Intermediate Hosts, Robert L. Rausch, Everett L. Schiller

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Hydatid disease, caused by the larval form of a tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786), is of circumpolar distribution, but has not previously been considered to be of much public health significance in North America. It is the purpose of this paper to present observations on this disease in Alaska, with special reference to its transmission to humans.

Biotic Interrelationships Of Helminth Parasitism, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Biotic interrelationships in Alaska have so far suffered little from man's attempts to improve upon nature. As a result of these favorable circumstances, biological investigation in Alaska offers unusual opportunity for elucidating problems which can no longer be approached in the more populated parts of North America. One is very fortunate to have the opportunity of working under these conditions, since present trends indicate that Alaska is soon to go by the way of the great wildernesses which once existed in the United States and Canada.

The Acanthocephalan Parasites Of Eider Ducks, Harley J. Van Cleave, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Because of their wide geographical distribution through arctic and subarctic regions of the northern hemisphere, the eider ducks offer some unusual opportunities for the study .of distribution and hostrelations of their parasites. When the Acanthocephala from eider ducks were first studied, the fauna of each continent was regarded as distinct, because it had been reasonably well established that the majority of species of these parasites encounter~d in the United States were distinct from those found in central Europe. This belief failed to take into account the fact that in the arctic the usual distributional bartl:ers to both the definitive and …

Observations On A Cyclic Decline Of Lemmings (Lemmus) On The Arctic Coast Of Alaska During The Spring Of 1949, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The importance to the biotic community of various species of lemmings in arctic and subarctic regions has long been recognized, but there is little known about the ecology of these mammals. of the two species that occur on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, namely, the collared lemming, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus rubricatus (Richardson), and the brown lemming, Lemmus trimucronatus alascensis Merriam, during the spring of 1949 the writer had the good fortune to observe a cyclic decline in the population of the brown lemming on the Arctic Coast of Alaska. Observations were made during the peak density preceding this decline and were …

A Preliminary Note On Trichinosis Investigations In Alaska, P. J. Brandly, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Trichinosis in the arctic regions of the world has received considerable attention during recent years, particularly since the work of Roth (1948) in Greenland. In Connell's (1949) review of arctic trichinosis some Alaskan and Canadian records were included but, until now, little has been known of the status of the disease in Alaska. Information available at the present time indicates that the incidence of trichinosis is high in circumpolar carnivores and that marine mammals have a definite place in its epizootiology. Present knowledge cannot explain the survival of trichinosis in marine mammal populations, but it is evident that they may …

A New Species Of The Acanthocephalan Genus Arhythmorhynchus From Sandpipers Of Alaska, Harley J. Van Cleave, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In the spring of 1949, a survey of the parasites of birds of Alaska, especially in the vicinity of Juneau, was conducted by Robert L. Rausch and Ralph B. Williams. Among the Acanthocephala encountered there were specimens of the genus Arhythmorhynchus in two species of sandpipers, Erolia ptilocnemis couesi (Ridgway) (the Aleutian sandpiper) and Erolia alpina pacifica (Vieillot) (the red-backed sandpiper). This parasite was present in such numbers as to make morphological and taxonomic study profitable. The species is clearly distinct from all other members of the genus and is here described as Arhythmorhynchus comptus n. sp.

Notes On Microtine Rodents From The Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska, Robert L. Rausch, David H. Johnson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In connection with parasitological studies carried on during 1949 for the U.S. Public Health Service, the writer collected a considerable number of mammals from the northern edge of the "Endicott" section of the Brooks Range, in Arctic Alaska. The mammalian fauna of this region is poorly known, since apparently no previous collecting has been done here. About 200 microtine rodents were collected, mostly near Tolugak Lake (latitude 68° 24' N, longitude 151° 26' W), near the head of the Anaktuvuk River Valley. A few specimens were also taken at Umiat, on the Colville River, about 80 miles north of Tolugak …

Observations On Histopathological Changes Associated With Starvation In Wisconsin Deer, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Heavy winter losses in deer, apparently resulting directly from an inadequate food supply, have long been known in the United States. The general situation has been well reviewed by Leopold (1943) and by Leopold, Sowls, and Spencer (1947). There is a conservable volume of literature available concerning deer starvation from the management standpoint. The ill-advised attempts at the total destruction or, at best, the severe reduction of natural predator on deer have resulted in the removal of this important population control.

An Ecological Study Of Helminths Of Some Wyoming Voles (Microtus Spp.) With A Description Of A New Species Of Nematospiroides (Heligmosomidae: Nematoda), Merle L. Kuns, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

An ecological and taxonomic study of the helminth parasites of voles (Microtus spp.) in the Jackson Hole region of Wyoming is reported.

Nematospiroides microti n. sp. from Microtus montanus nanus and M. richardsoni macropus is described and figured.

A cestode, Paranoplocephala infrequens, and a nematode, Syphacia obvelata, were generally distributed throughout the region in all habitats except the sage flats.

A trematode, Quinqueserialis hassalli, was recovered only from voles collected near streams at low altitudes. This was presumably due to the localized distribution of the molluscan intermediate host.

Four helminths, viz., Hymenolepis horrida, Heligmosomum costellatum …

Studies On Some North American Shrew Cestodes, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In spite of the importance of the various species of shrews to the biotic community, several aspects of their ecology remain very incompletely known. The helminths parasitic in the more conspicuous small mammals in North America have been studied more or less completely, but those occurring in shrews have been largely disregarded. This situation is particularly inappropriate when one considers that shrews often constitute the most abundant mammalian group in a given area. We have attempted to secure an adequate amount of shrew helminth material for study, and it is the purpose of this paper to present observations resulting from …

A Contribution To The Study Of North American Strigeids (Trematoda), Robert L. Rausch, George Dubois

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The material upon which this study is based was collected in the states of Ohio, Michigan, and Wisconsin, and consisted entirely of avian parasites. The laboratory work was executed mainly at the Institut de Zoologie of the Université de Neuchâtel (Switzerland). We take this opportunity to thank Dr. Jean G. Baer for making available to us his material and working space.
Fourteen species have been identified, of which 7 are new: Strigea falconis Szidat, Diplostomum gavium (Guberlet), Strigea macroconophora n. sp., Diplostomum repandum n. sp., Apharyngostrigea cornu (Zeder), Mesoophorodiplostomum pricei (Krull), Apatemon gracilis (Rudolphi), Neodiplostomum buteonis n. sp., Cotylurus aquavis …

A New Genus Of Amphistome (Trematoda) From A Tasmanian Marine Fish, Harold W. Manter, Peter W. Crowcroft

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

This paper describes a new genus of trematode collected by the junior author from the intestine of Dactylosargus arctidens Gill (kelp fish) from the southern coast of Tasmania. The trematode is an "amphistome" of unusual interest because of the peculiar character of the acetabulum which possesses a posterior pore as well as a ventral opening.

Observations Of The Life Cycle And Larval Development Of Paruterina Candelabraria (Goeze, 1782) (Cestoda: Dilepididae), Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Paruterina candelabraria (Goeze, 1782) is parasitic in owls in Europe and North America, and appears to be the most frequently encountered cestode occurring in strigiform birds (Wolffhugel, 1900; Rausch, 1948). It is the purpose of this paper to present observations on the larval development and life cycle of P. candelabraria. Apparently nothing is known concerning the life cycles of cestodes of the genus Paruterina Fuhrmann, 1906, most of which occur in passeriform birds.

The Occurrence Of Contracaecum Travassosi (Nematoda) In North America [Research Notes], Banner Bill Morgan, Robert L. Rausch, Everett Schiller

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Seven specimens of a nematode (five males and two females) of the genus Contracaecum were collected from the ventriculus of Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gmelin) (osprey) captured at Greenville, Ohio. After a comparison with C. travassosi described by Gutierrez (1943. Sobre la morfología de una nueva especie de "Contracaecum" (Nematoda: Ascaroidea) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 3: 159-172) from the cormorant (Phalacrocorax albiventer) collected at the San Jose light-house, Territory of Chubut, Argentina, our material has been assigned to that species. So far as the writers have been able to determine, this is the first record of the species …

A Critical Study Of North American Cestodes Of The Genus Andrya With Special Reference To A. Macrocephala Douthitt, 1915. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae), Robert L. Rausch, Everett Schiller

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Eight species of cestodes belonging to the genus Andrya Railliet, 1883, have been described from North American rodents. To the present time, 6 of these have been considered valid (A. primordialis Douthitt, 1915; A. macrocephala Douthitt, 1915; A. neotomae Voge, 1946; A. microti Hansen, 1947; A. sciuri Rausch, 1947; A. ondatrae Rausch, 1948). The genus Andrya was separated by Kirschenblatt (1938) into two subgenera, depending upon the presence or absence of a prostate gland. Of the North American species, only one (A. primordialis) possesses a prostate gland. Since we are concerned essentially with the other 5 closely-related …

An Additional Trematode From Tortugas, Florida, And A New Name For Opisthoporus Manter, 1947, Preoccupied, Harold W. Manter

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Professor José M. Ruiz of Sao Paulo, Brazil, has kindly called my attention to the fact that the generic name Opisthoporus Manter, 1947 had been used several times previously, a condition which I had indeed checked but thoughtlessly forgot. For Opisthoporus Manter, 1947 (nec Opisthoporus Benson, 1851; Opisthoporus Minot, 1877; Opisthoporus Fukui, 1929), the name Postporus is proposed. The two species become Postporus epinepheli (Manter, 1947) and Postporus mycteropercae (Manter, 1947).

The combination Pleurogonus candidulus (Linton, 1910) (misspelled "candibulus" in my paper) had been made in 1946 by Ruiz (1946: 295) where, however, it was first printed " …

Some Additional Observations On The Morphology Of Dendrouterina Botauri Rausch, 1948 (Cestoda: Dilepididae), Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The scolex has never been described for cestodes of the genus Dendrouterina Fuhrmann, 1912. The two species belonging to this genus, D. herodiae Fuhrmann, 1912, and D. botauri Rausch, 1948, were described from incomplete material. Because of the lack of a scolex, this genus was only tentatively placed by Fuhrmann (1912) in the family Dilepididae.
Persistent collecting during the spring migration of 1948 made possible the examination of a number of bitterns, Botaurus l. lentiginosus (Montagu). A single bird, collected on May 5, 1948, at Madison, Wisconsin, was found to be infected with two specimens of Dendrouterina botauri. Observations …

The Occurrence Of Platynosomum Illiciens (Braun, 1901) In A North American Hawk., J. Fred Denton, Robert Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A series of 160 hawks of 12 species from ten states and the Province of Manitoba has been examined for dicrocoeliid trematodes. Only one species of dicrocoeliids was found in them indicating the infrequency with which North American hawks are infected with trematodes of this group.

Of the 160 hawks examined 4 were broad-winged hawks. Buteo platypterus, 2 of which, collected in Ohio and Wisconsin, harbored in their bile ducts 3 and 8 specimens respectively of a trematode of the genus Platynosomum. These specimens, after comparison with both the original and the recently expanded description by Travassos (1944, …

Some Observations On Cestodes Of The Genus Paranoplocephala Luehe, Parasitic In North American Voles (Microtus Spp.), Robert Rausch, Everett L. Schiller

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Although cestodes of the genus Paranoplocephala Luehe, 1910, are common parasites of voles and certain other rodents in North America, their taxonomic status to the present time has been much confused. It is the purpose of this paper to clarify the situation in regard to those species parasitic in voles of the genus Microtus Schrank.

While certain of the cestodes considered here occur in hosts of other microtine genera, they are by far more abundant in the various species of Mi· crotus. At least two are also common in geomyid rodents. With the possible exception of Paranoplocephala brevis Kirschenblatt, …

Studies On The Parasitic Helminths Of The North Central States. Ii. Helminths Of Voles (Microtus Spp.) Preliminary Report, Robert L. Rausch, Jack Tiner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The helminths of North American mouse-like rodents have received little study. Previous work has been based on low numbers of animals examined, and there has been little reference to the ecology involved. The purpose of this paper is to present data resulting from the examination of over 600 voles, with special reference to host-parasite relationships

Observations On Cestodes In North American Owls With The Description Of Choanotaenia Speotytonis N. Sp. (Cestoda: Dipylidiinae), Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Little is known concerning the helminths parasitic in several major groups of the North American avifauna. This appears to be particularly true of the parasites of owls. Over the past few years the writer has had the opportunity of examining a fairly large series of these birds, and they have been found to be infected with several helminths of unusual interest (Chandler and Rausch, 1947).

A Contribution To The Study Of Certain Avian Strigeids (Trematoda), Asa C. Chandler, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The examination of more than 200 species of birds by Rausch during the past few years, has disclosed a number of interesting strigeids, some of which are considered in the present paper. Three species appear to be undescribed and two of these are of particular interest in that they occur in passeriform birds, a group rarely parasitized by strigeids. In addition to the descriptions of the new species, remarks concerning Hysteromorpha triloba (Rudolphi, 1819) are included.

Studies On The Parasitic Helminths Of The North Central States. I. Helminths Of Sciurida, Robert L. Rausch, Jack Tiner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

It is accepted that a fair degree of completeness is being achieved in our knowledge of North American mammals and birds. It can be assumed that nearly all the described species of the higher vertebrates are parasitized by helminths, but many of these helminths probably remain undescribed, and little is known of their geographical distribution. Very little information is available on the incidence of the parasites, or their effect on the host.

Sarcocystis (Aspergillus?) In Wood Warblers [General Notes], George H. Breiding, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

On August 9, 1944, near Columbus, Ohio, Breiding collected an immature male black and white warbler (Mniotilta varia). Upon preparing it as a study skin, the bird was found to be heavily infected with Sarcocystis. This experience was repeated with an adult male Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia), taken near Cheat Bridge, Randolph County, West Virginia, June 14, 1945. Both birds appeared to be in healthy condition.

Two species of wood warbler, the olive-backed warbler (Parula pitiayumi) and the American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) have previously been recorded as hosts for this organism …

Dendrouterina Botauri N. Sp., A Cestode Parasitic In Bitterns, With Remarks On Other Members Of The Genus, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A single cestode belonging to the genus Dendrouterina Fuhrmann, 1912, was taken from the small intestine of a least bittern, Ixobrychus e. exilis (Gmelin), collected by the writer on May 31, 1945, at Buckeye Lake, Ohio. Considerable difficulty was experienced in obtaining adequate material of this cestocde, although bitterns were collected in Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Manitoba. A second infected bird, an American bittern, Botaurus l. lentiginosus (Monatgu), was collected on April 24, 1947, at Horicon Marsh, Wisconsin. Three specimens of Dendrouterina were obtained from this bird.
Unfortunately, since refrigeration was not available in the field, the scolices of all …

Bakererpes Fragilis N. G., N. Sp., A Cestode From The Nighthawk (Cestoda: Dilepididae), Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The examination of an Eastern Nighthawk (Chordeiles m. minor (Forster)), collected September 25, 1945, at Marion, Ohio, revealed numerous, very small cestodes free in the lumen of the small intestine. About fifty specimens were found, but, because of the delicate strobila of this species, few were entire.
Although these cestodes were very thin and translucent, the preparation of well-stained whole mounts presented unusual difficulty. Best results were obtained with a mixture of Ehrlich's and Delafield's haematoxylin stains. Frontal and transverse serial sections, cut at 10 and 15 μm, were made.
This cestode clearly belongs in the sub-family Dilepidinae, but, …

The Digenetic Trematodes Of Marine Fishes Of Tortugas, Florida, Harold W. Manter

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

189 species of digenetic trematodes are reported from teleost fishes of the region of Tortugas, Florida. Among these are recognized: 44 new species, 9 new genera, 44 new combinations, 14 new synonyms, and 51 new host records. Several genera and species are considered synonyms of those previously named.

Of 237 species (approximately 2,039 specimens) of teleost fishes examined, 182 species or 76.8% were parasitized by adult, digenetic trematodes. Most of the host species harbored from one to three species of trematodes; 79 (or 43.4% of the 182) had a single species of trematode. Two fishes, however, were each susceptible to …

Observations On Some Helminths Parasitic In Ohio Turtles, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The examination of a number of turtles, collected in Ohio, has disclosed at least thirty-three species of parasitic helminths. Little information is available on the parasites of turtles in the Central States, and it is the purpose of this paper to present data resulting from examinations made on 128 turtles, of seven species.

Ec1549 External Parasites Of Chickens And Ddt, Ephriam Hixson, Martin H. Muma

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension circular 1549 discusses external parasites of chickens and DDT.