Parasitology Commons^™

Fabespora Vermicola Sp. N., The First Myxosporidan From A Platyhelminth, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The myxosporidan Fabespora vermicola sp. n., tentatively placed in the family Myxidiidae, is described from the digenean Crassicutis archosargi in an estuarine fish. The myxosporidan becomes the first known from a platyhelminth and the third from an invertebrate. It differs from the only other member of the genus primarily by having polar filaments 32 to 44 μm long rather than about 8 μm, and an infection with it can stop reproduction in the digenean host either by physical means or by necrosis of gametes.

A Redescription Of Crassicutis Archosargi, A Digenean Exhibiting An Unusual Tegumental Attachment, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The homalometrine Crassicutis archosargi from the northern Gulf of Mexico is redescribed, and some related digeneans are discussed. Numerous unidentified refractile bodies occurred in the tegument and other tissues of a few specimens of C. archosargi, and an intimate relationship between the parasite and its piscine host resulting from a modified tegument is reported for others. Binding by the described adhesive tegument increases the number of known ways digeneans attach to their hosts. Several specimens also harbored a histozoic myxosporidan in several tissues and a flagellate, Hexamita sp., in their ceca.

Anesthetization Of Morphologically Similar Species With Carbon Dioxide For Separation And Culture, Gregory R. Noel, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Nematologists frequently encounter congeneric species in sampling for nematodes. No convenient method for the separation of morphologically similar species has been described. For Meloidogyne spp., inoculum consisting of hundreds of eggs can be easily obtained from a single egg mass and a pure population reared on a suitable host. The separation and culture of other plant parasitic nematode species, such as Paratrichodorus spp., is often more difficult. The species may be separated by placing a single female in the rhizosphere of a host plant, but the chances of a single nematode increasing to a high population in a short time …

Neodeuterobaris Pritchardae Gen. Et Sp. N. (Digenea: Microscaphidiidae) In A Sideneck Turtle, Podocnemis Lewyana Dumeril 1852, From Colombia, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Neodeuterobaris pritchardae in the stomach of the freshwater turtle, Podocnemis lewyana, from Colombia resembles members of Deuterobaris in possessing ventral glands, a dorsal oral hood, and vitelline follicles confluent posteriorly, but apparently differs from them by possessing 5 rather than 7 rows of ventral glands; by lacking ventral spines, extracecal uterine loops, and a muscular esophageal bulb; and by inhabiting the stomach of freshwater turtles rather than the intestine of marine turtles. Those characters are considered significant enough to erect a new genus. Diagnosis of the Deuterobaridinae is emended to accommodate the new species.

Five Species Of Platyhelminths From Bufo Marinus L. (Anura: Bufonidae) In Colombia With Descriptions Of Creptotrema Lynchi Sp. N. (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) And Glypthelmins Robustus Sp. N. (Digenea: Macroderoididae), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Gorgoderina diaster, Cylindrotaenia americana, and Ophiotaenia bonariensis are reported, and Creptotrema lynchi and Glypthelmins robustus described from Bufo marinus from 3 localities in the Republic of Colombia. All are new locality records and B. marinus is a new host for G. diaster and C. americana. Creptotrema lynchi differs from C. creptotrema in possessing smaller eggs, relatively smaller oral papillae and suckers, and elongate rather than spherical testes. Glypthelmins robustus differs from all other species in the genus in possessing a pharynx which is significantly larger than the acetabulum and tegumental spines restricted to the anterior fifth of …

Parasites Of California Marine And Estuarine Fish, Milton S. Love, Mike Moser

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

While working on the parasites of several California marine fish, it was difficult to find out which parasites had been reported from our fish. Pertinent sources were scattered over a number of journals, covering many years. We compiled this list because we felt there was a need for a single source which would give all the parasites infecting California marine fish. As "marine fish" was a somewhat vague term, we decided to use it in a broad sense and included estuarine and anadromous fish in the survey. In addition, we have included records from landlocked populations of anadromous fish, such …

Prevalence Of Antibodies To Toxoplasma Gondii In Wild And Domestic Animals Of New Mexico, Arizona And Colorado, Alan A, Marchiondo, Donald W. Duszynski, Gary O. Maupin

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Using the Sabin-Feldman dye test, sera from wild and domestic animals in New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado were tested for the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. The prevalence of positive titers (≥ 1:8) in animals from these areas was: New Mexico (178 of 569, 31%), Arizona (11 of 56, 20%), and Colorado (2 of 7, 29%). The overall prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma was 30% (191 of 632).

Nine of 17 fecal samples from wild zoo felines contained Toxoplasma-like oocysts which were inoculated per os and intraperitoneally into mice. Mice from six of these nine inoculations later …

Immunoglobulins Attached To And In The Integument Of Adult Schistosoma Mansoni Sambon 1907, From First Infection Of Cf1 Mice, Franklin Sogandares-Bernal

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

7S_γ2b antibody was found attached to and in the integument of adult Schistosoma mansoni removed from CF₁ white mice. With the techniques used, I_gA, I_gM, 7S_γ1, 7S_γ2a, 7S_γ3, and C3 complement were not found to be attached to the integumental surfaces. 7S_γ2b does not seem to fix C3, and it is suggested this antibody may be acting in enhancing and blocking roles which protect the worms from the host.

A Review Of The Genus Allassostomoides Stunkard 1924 (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) With A Redescription Of A. Chelydrae (Maccallum 1919) Yamaguti 1958, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A redescription of Allassostomoides chelydrae and a review of the genus is presented, based on new collections of A. chelydrae and A. parvus from Nebraska, and examination of all type material relating to the genus. A. chelydrae, A. parvus, and A. louisianaensis are considered valid species. New host records for A. chelydrae are Bufo americanus, Rana catesbeiana, Chrysemys picta, and Graptemys pseudogeographica.

Prevalence Of Toxoplasma Antibodies In Range Vs. Dairy Cattle From The Bitterroot Valley Of Montana, Franklin Sogandares-Bernal, A. A. Marchiondo, Donald W. Duszynski, J. K. Ward

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

"Natural" or unaltered foods have become a fad in recent years. This includes the drinking of unpasteurized cow's milk as well as that designated "Certified." This report is made to call attention to a high prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma in dairy as compared with range cattle. Previous to this study, few papers have considered the breed or conditions of management of cattle sampled for toxoplasma antibodies (McIlwain, 1969, Arch Environ Health 19: 885-886; Vanderwagen et aI., 1974, J Am Vet Med Assoc 164: 1,034-1,037).

Buquinolate As A Preventive Drug To Control Microsporidosis In The Blue Crab, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

When administered a single meal containing spores of Nosema michaelis and buquinolate, specimens of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, were less likely to acquire spore-ridden muscle tissue than individuals not allowed the drug. Those crabs presented the drug 48 hr preceding or following the introduction of spores also exhibited minimal incidence of infection. Even after 2 mo, spores were not observed in the musculature of most crabs.

Phyllodistomum Scrippsi Sp. N. (Digenea: Gorgoderidae) And Neobenedenia Girellae (Hargis, 1955) Yamaguti, 1963 (Monogenea: Capsalidae) From The California Sheephead, Pimelometopon Pulchrum (Ayres) (Pisces: Labridae), Daniel R. Brooks, Monte A. Mayes

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Phyllodistomum scrippsi sp. n. is described from the urinary bladder and Neobenedenia girellae is reported from the skin of Pimelometopon pulchrum from La Jolla, California. Phyllodistomum scrippsi differs from P. borisbychowskyi in possessing lobed vitell ari a, fewer extracecal uterine loops, irregular to lobed gonads, and larger eggs; and from P. acceptum in possessing a short esophagus, nondigitiform vitelline lobes, and an oral sucker larger than the acetabulum. An annotated checklist of trematodes parasitizing P. pulchrum is given.

Platyhelminths Of Nebraska Turtles With Descriptions Of Two New Species Of Spirorchiids (Trematoda: Spirorchiidae), Daniel R. Brooks, Monte A. Mayes

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Twenty-one species of platyhelminth parasites are reported from 8 species of turtles collected in Nebraska. Two species of spirorchiids are reported as new. Vasotrema brevitestis sp. n. from Trionyx muticus and T. spiniferus differs from V. amydae Stunkard, 1926, in possessing a relatively shorter, more compact testis, postcecal length equal to one-fifth the body length, a cirrus sac which does not extend to the opposite cecum, and vitellaria composed of discrete follicles more restricted in distribution. Hapalorhynchus foliorchis sp. n. from Chelydra serpentina differs from H. gracilis Stunkard, 1922, in possessing a narrower oral sucker and larger acetabulum, a prominent …

Histochemistry Of The Tissue Capsule Surrounding Intradermal Mites, Hannemania Spp. (Acarina: Trombiculidae) In New Mexico Amphibians, Jill J. Grover, Donald W. Duszynski, Barbara C. Bogan

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The first occurrence of larval intradermal mites, Hannemania spp., from New Mexico amphibians was recently reported (Duszynski and Jones, 1973, Int. J. Parasit. 3: 531-538). These parasites are always encapsulated by host connective tissue in the dermis of their host and the capsules are grossly visible below the epidermis. Basic histochemical procedures were used to help characterize and give us a better understanding of the structure and formation of this tissue capsule.

Thynnascaris Reliquens Sp. N. And T. Habena (Linton, 1900) (Nematoda: Ascaroidea) From Fishes In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico And Eastern U.S. Seaboard, Donald E. Norris, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Thynnascaris reliquens sp. n. is described from the type host, the sheepshead, Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum), and other fishes of the northern Gulf of Mexico and southern Florida, including the Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta (Goode and Bean); the spiny boxfish, Chilomycterus schoepfi (Walbaum); the slippery dick, Halichoeres bivittatus (Bloch); and the Atlantic croaker, Micropogon undulatus (Linnaeus). Its salient characters are: length up to approximately 12.5 cm; lips broad, with pedunculate pulp and equatorially constricted flanges; esophagus 8 to 12% and spicules 3 to 6% of body length; preanal and postanal papillae up to 33 and 6 pairs, respectively. In the type …

Fine Structure Of The Oocyst Walls Of Isospora Serini And Isospora Canaria And Excystation Of Isospora Serini From The Canary, Serinus Canarius L., Clarence A. Speer, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Oocysts of Isospora serini and Isospora canaria, from the canary Serinus canarius, were broken, added to a cell suspension, fixed in Karnovsky's fluid, and studied in the electron microscope. The oocyst wall of each species had an electron- lucent inner layer, a more osmiophilic middle layer and an outer layer of electron-lucent (I. serini) or electron-dense material interspersed with some electron-lucent material (I. canaria). A few, relatively large lipid-like bodies were present in the outer or middle layer of the oocyst wall of I. canaria. As many as 9 membranes were present in …

Taxonomy And Zoogeography Of Lemmus Spp. (Rodentia: Arvicolinae), With Notes On Laboratory-Reared Lemmings, Robert L. Rausch, Virginia R. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Lemmings of the genus Lemmus Link, 1795, have long attracted interest because of the high numerical densities attained at intervals by their populations. In earlier times, in northern Europe, such events seemed so remarkable as to be explained by some as a consequence of the animals' having fallen from the sky (HaGSTROM 1749). During the last 25 years, lemmings have been the object of intensive ecological investigation in Eurasia and North America, although there has been no consensus concerning their taxonomic relationships. In 1959, a colony of brown lemmings from arctic Alaska was established in our laboratory, primarily to provide …

Pilogalumna Cozadensis, A New Species Of Galumnid From Nebraska, U.S.A., F. Reese Nevin

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In working with the galumnids in my collection of oribatid mites I found that a number of specimens from Nebraska showed several characteristics which differentiated them from other species of pilogalumnids. The description and drawings of the new species is based upon a study of these specimens.

Rabies In Experimentally Infected Bears, Ursus Spp., With Epizootiologic Notes, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Ten black bears, Ursus americanus Pallas, and three brown bears, U. arctos Linnaeus, were inoculated with rabies virus from naturally infected foxes in Alaska. The bears were more resistant than canine species, requiring at least 1,000 MLD₅₀ of virus for infection. Low titres or negative results were obtained in salivary glands titrated in mice. Clinical course of the disease, post mortem findings, and microscopic lesions are described. Microscopic lesions were more· severe in brown bears, in which the inflammatory response was distinguished by the presence of numerous eosinophils in the perivascular infiltrate and among cells diffusely infiltrating the parenchyma. …

Prevalence And Potential Vectors Of Haemoproteus In Nebraska Mourning Doves, Ellis C. Greiner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Three hundred and nine mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) from Lancaster County, Nebraska, were examined for species of Haemoproteus. Older doves possessed higher Haemoproteus prevalences than younger doves. Mean total prevalence for each dove age group was as follows: adults, 61% H. sacharovi and 83% H. maccallumi; immatures, 35% H. sacharovi and 42% H. maccallumi; and nestlings, 31 % H. sachairovi and 16% H. maccallumi. Yearly prevalences were less variable in mature doves than in immature and nestling doves. No correlation between nestling and parent Haemoproteus infections were observed, but nestmates in 10 or 18 …

Digenetic Trematodes In Cephalopods, Robin M. Overstreet, F. G. Hochsberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In addition to listing digenetic trematodes found in cephalopods, we provide descriptions of adults of Derogenes varicus and larvae of Lecithochirium microstomum, Lecithochirium sp., Elytrophallus sp., Monilicaecum sp., and Stephanochasmus sp. Only the first had been described previously from cephalopods, and the last represents the first record of a nonpiscine second intermediate host for a species of Stephanochasmus. We found 15 species infected, which brings to nearly 30 the total number of squids, octopods, and cuttlefish reported to be infected with Digenea. Many early records of trematodes in cephalopods are actually reports of Monogenea, Cestoda, or reproductive organs …

Marine Leeches Of The Eastern United States And The Gulf Of Mexico With A Key To The Species, Roy T. Sawyer, Adrian R. Lawler, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Unlike the Eurasian marine leeches (Johansson, 1896; Selensky, 1915; Herter, 1935; Vasileyev, 1939; Knight-Jones, 1961; Sawyer, 1970; Soós, 1965), those from North America comprise an unusually neglected group, due primarily to the bewildering taxonomy of the members. Most early descriptions were brief, ambiguous, and concerned only with superficial characters. Some of the nominal species reported from the eastern United States and Canada are unrecognizable today, thus perpetuating nomenclatural confusion.

We attempt to analyze critically the marine leeches from Newfoundland to Texas, with emphasis on those of the southern states from Virginia to Mississippi. An illustrated dichotomous key and a diagnosis …

Cetacean Notes. I. Sei And Rorqual Whales On The Mississippi Coast, A Correction. Ii. A Dwarf Sperm Whale In Mississippi Sound And Its Helminth Parasites, Gordon Gunter, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

I. Gunter and Christmas (1973) described the events leading to the stranding of a baleen whale on Ship Island, Mississippi, in 1968, giving the species as Balaenopteru physalus, the Rorqual. Unfortunately the identification was in error, but fortunately good photographs were shown. The underside of the tail was a splotched white, but there was no black margin. The specimen also had fewer throat and belly grooves than the Rorqual, as a comparison with True’s (1904) photograph shows. Dr. James Mead (in litt.) pointed out that the animal was a Sei Whale, Balaenoptera borealis. This remains a …

An Estuarine Low Temperature Fish Kill In Mississippi, With Remarks On Restricted Necropsies, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In January 1973, large numbers of Mugil cephalus (striped mullet), weighing approximately 250 gm each, died in two freshwater localities in tidewater bayous of Jackson County, Mississippi. Fish identified as Mugil curema, M. cephalus, Megalops atlantica, Dormitator maculatus, and Fundulus grandis were found dead in other low saline estuarine areas. Fish-kills during cold periods are less commonly encountered in Mississippi than in Texas or Florida. This particular incident is attributed to conditions of stress for fishes incompletely acclimated to the encountered low temperatures. The most deleterious stress was the low saline water which probably allowed a breakdown in the …

A Possible Function Of The Fibrillar Coat In Acanthocephalus Jacksoni Eggs, David F. Oetinger, Brent B. Nickol

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Discusses a possible function of the fibrillar coat in Acanthocephalus jacksoni eggs.

Review Of Suomen Nisäkkäät [Mammals Of Finland] By L. Siivonen (Otava Publishing Company, 1972), Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Review of Suomen Nisäkkäät [Mammals of Finland] by L. Siivonen (Otava Publishing Company, 1972).

Helminths Of Three Species Of Goby (Pisces: Gobiidae) From Mission Bay, San Diego, Daniel R. Brooks, Edward B. Brothers

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

From August 1971 to June 1973, 351 gobies representing three species, Ilypnus gilberti (Eigenmann and Eigenmann), Clevelandia ios (Jordan and Gilbert), and Quietula y-cauda (Jenkins and Evermann), were collected by Brooks from Mission Bay, San Diego, California, and examined for helminths. The worms were removed from the organs to saline solution, fixed in 40% isopropyl alcohol or warm AFA, and stored in 70% ethanol. All platyhelminths were stained in Mayer's hematoxylin and mounted in Canada balsam. Nematodes were cleared in glycerine and mounted in glycerine gel. Representative mounts are on deposit with the H. W. Manter Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, …

Differentiation Of Microsporidian Spore-Tails In Inodosporus Spraguei Gen. Et Sp. N., Robin M. Overstreet, Earl Weidner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The new genus Inodosporus was erected to accept I. spraguei, a new species having eight sporoblasts per pansporoblast with each subsequent spore possessing three or four basal spore-tails and one branched apical one. It is primarily by the apical tail that the species is separated from the only other recognized species, I. octospora (Henneguy, 1892) comb. n., formerly Thelohania octospora.

Spore-tails of I. spraguei are membranous channels which originate within differentiating pansporoblasts during genesis of sporonts into sporoblasts. During the switch from vegetative to spore-forming development, cytoplasmic constituents of I. spraguei segregate into two distinctive domains for which …

On Some Anoplocephaline Cestodes From Pikas, Ochotona Spp. (Lagomorpha), In Nepal, With The Description Of Ectopocephalium Abei Gen. Et Sp. N., Robert L. Rausch, Masashi Ohbayashi

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Three species of anoplocephaline cestodes, Anoplocephalinae gen. et sp. indet., Schizorchis cf. altaica Gvozdev, 1951, and Ectopocephalium abei gen. et sp. n., are reported from pikas, Ochotona roylei (Ogilby) and O. macrotis (Giinther), from central Nepal. The taxonomic status of Schizorchis esarsi Lovekar et al., 1972, and of Schizorchodes dipodomi Bienek and Grundmann, 1972, is discussed, with the conclusion that both species belong in the subfamily Linstowiinae, near the genus Atriotaenia Sandground, 1926. Ectopocephalium gen. n. is distinguished from other genera in the subfamily Anoplocephalinae by the modified anterior portion of the strobila, which is embedded in the tissue of …

Herpetomonas Megaseliae: Architectural Rearrangements During Amastigote Formation, John J. Janovy Jr., P. M. Daggett, K. W. Lee

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

The ultrastructure of Herpetomonas megaseliae Daggett, Dollahon, and Janovy, 1972, culture forms has been described in detail by Janovy et aI. (1974, J. Prot. 21: 53-59). Pellicular microtubules were described in pro- and opisthomastigotes as parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body and to the axis of the flagellar pocket. Microtubules lay in an electron translucent zone directly beneath the limiting membrane, and the flagellar pocket opened at the anterior end.

Unpublished studies in this laboratory have indicated that Herpetomonas megaseliae and a number of other "lower" trypanosomatid parasites are capable of transforming into amastigotelike forms upon phagocytosis by …