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Binder 178, Plagiorchiidae P [Trematoda Taxon Notebooks], Harold W. Manter Laboratory Of Parasitology

Trematoda Taxon Notebooks

Binder 178, Plagiorchiidae P [Trematoda Taxon Notebooks].

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

Created between 1960 and 1990.

Dr. Benjamin (Ben) Goodwin Chitwood, William F. Mai, Armand Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

An overview of the life and work of Dr. Benjamin (Ben) Goodwin Chitwood (1907-1972), nematologist with the United States Department of Agriculture.

The Morphometrics Of Xiphinema Americanum Sensu Lato In California, John A. Griesbach, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Ten populations of Xiphinema americanum sensu lato (S. l.)from California and two from the eastern United States were studied in a morphometric comparison. Morphometrics were generated by descriptive statistics and a stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) from nine California field populations, and voucher specimens from a previous California vector study (Hoy, Mircetich & Lownsbery, 1984); identifed as X. californicum. AIso included were greenhouse populations of X. americanum Cobb, 1913 sensu stricto (s. s.) from New York (N.Y.) and X. rivesi Dalmasso, 1969 from Pennsylvania (Pa). SDA canonical plots of individual specimens showed the X. rivesi population …

Description Of A New Species Of Plectus Bastian, 1865 (Nemata : Plectidae) From Mendocino County, California, Usa With Sem Observations, Peter A. Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, Fawzia Abdel-Rahman

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A new species of Plectus Bastian, 1865 is described and illustrated, P. minutus n. sp. is characterized by its small size, indistinct body annulation, generally one longitudinal ala visible with light microscope on each lateral surface of the body (two seen with SEM), cervical papilla dorsatlo lateral ala, high cephalic region not set off from the body, cephalic setae not reaching the apex of the cephalic region, and tail conoid elongated generally with three pairs of setae.

French language title: Description d’une nouvelle espèce de Plectus Bastian, 1865 (Nemata : Plectidae) provenant du Comté de Mendocino (Californie, USA), accompagnée d’observations …

An Alternative Approach For Evaluating The Efficacy Of Potential Biocontrol Agents Of Weeds. 2. Path Analysis, Dan J. Pantone, William A. Williams, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Path analysis was used to assess the efficacy of the fiddleneck flower gall nematode as a weed biocontrol agent of coast fiddleneck in competition with wheat during two years of field experiments. The path analysis revealed that the number of inflorescences/plant for fiddleneck and the number of heads/plant for wheat were the most important yield components that determine fecundity and seed yield. The density of fiddleneck had a much greater impact on the yield components of fiddleneck than did the density of wheat or the nematode rate of inoculation. The nematode had its greatest negative impact on the number of …

Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From Insectivores. Vii. Six New Species From The Hairy-Tailed Mole, Parascalops Breweri, Paulette L. Ford, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Sixteen hairy-tailed moles, Parascalops breweri, collected from the northeastern U.S.A. were examined for coccidian oocysts; all were infected with multiple species of coccidia and 3 genera were represented. Two cyclosporans, 2 eimerians, and 2 isosporans are described as new species. Sporulated oocysts of Cyclospora ashtabulensis n. sp. are subspheroid to ellipsoid, 18 x 14 (14-23 x 11-19) μm, and sporocysts are ovoid, 12 x 7 (8-14 x 5-9) μm; C. ashtabulensis was found in 7 of 16 (44%) moles. Sporulated oocysts of Cyclospora parascalopi n. sp. are spheroid, 17 x 14 (13-20 x 11-20) μm, and sporocysts are ovoid, …

The Phylogeny Of The Cercomeria (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) And General Evolutionary Principles, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The unified theory of evolution is an expansion of Darwinian theory that asserts that evolution is driven by entropic accumulation of genetic information that is constrained and organized primarily by the genealogical effects of phylogenetic history and developmental integration, and secondarily by ecological effects, or natural selection in its classical mode. Phylogenetic systematic analysis of the 8 major groups of parasitic rhabdocoelous platyhelminths permits empirical macroevolutionary evaluation of these postulates. Of the 131 characters considered, 127 are phylogenetically constrained, and 4 show evidence of 1 case of convergence each. Data from different developmental stages are phylogenetically congruent, despite differences in …

Phylogenetic Relationships Among Genera Of The Tetrabothriidae (Eucestoda), Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cladistic analysis of the generic-level relationships within the family Tetrabothriidae was conducted. A single cladogram resulted from evaluation of 28 homologous transformation series representing 41 character states. The genus Tetrabothrius was recognized as plesiomorphic followed by Chaetophallus and Trigonocotyle. The latter was considered as the sister group for the remaining tetrabothriid genera of marine mammals. Anophryocephalus, Strobilocephalus, and Priapocephalus are among the most highly derived genera and are postulated as having close evolutionary affinities. Comparisons to previous explicit hypotheses for relationships among the genera indicated the present analysis was the most efficient phylogenetic statement (consistency index = …

Salsuginus Thalkeni N. Sp. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) From Fundulus Zebrinus In The South Platte River Of Nebraska, John J. Janovy Jr., Tim R. Ruhnke, Terry A. Wheeler

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Salsuginus thalkeni n. sp. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) is described from the gills of the plains killifish, Fundulus zebrinus, in the South Platte River of Nebraska. Salsuginus thalkeni is distinguished from previously described species by measurements of sclerotized parts and by proportions (measurement ratios), differences between dorsal and ventral hamuli, and angles between deep and superficial hamulus roots.

Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From Two Species Of Caimans, Caiman Yacare Daudin And Caiman Latirostris Daudin (Alligatoridae), From Paraguay, Aida Luz Aquino-Shuster, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

From October 1986 to January 1987, feces from 119 Caiman yacare and 12 Caiman latirostris were collected in Paraguay and later examined for coccidian oocysts; 69 of 119 (58%) samples from C. yacare and 3 of 12 (25%) samples from C. latirostris contained coccidian oocysts. Two eimerians infected C. yacare and both are described as new species. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria paraguayensis n. sp., are ellipsoid, 34.0 x 23.6 (26-38 x 20-29) μm with sporocysts ovoid, 14.0 x 7.1 (10-19 x 6-10) μm. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria caimani n. sp, are spheroid, 22.4 (19-29) μm with sporocysts ovoidal, 12.9 x …

From The Gulf To The Rio Grande: Human Adaptation In Central, South, And Lower Pecos Texas, Thomas Hester, Stephen L. Black, D. Gentry Steele, Ben W. Olive, Anne A. Fox, Karl Reinhard, Leland C. Bement

Karl Reinhard Publications

The South Texas area, Region 3 of the Southwestern Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is synthesized from archeological and bioarcheological perspectives. Three distinct geographic units within Region 3 are treated in detail: Central Texas Plateau Prairie, South Texas Plains, and Lower Pecos Canyonlands. More than 11,000 years of human adaptation are chronicled for this area, stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to the Rio Grande along the border with northeastern Mexico. Particular attention is devoted to a consideration of the region's prehistoric record; significant problems and data gaps are outlined. For the first time, a compilation has been done …

Molecular Evidence For Inclusion On The Phylum Pentastomida In The Crustacea, Lawrence G. Abele, Won Kim, Bruce E. Felgenhauer

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

The phylogenetic status of the phylum Pentastomida (tongue worms) was considered on the basis of comparison of nucleotide sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA from the pentastome Porocephalus crotali, the branchiuran crustacean fish louse Argulus nobilis, other crustaceans, and representatives of the Annelida, Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and Insecta. Maximum parsimony and invariants (at P < 0.04) analyses support an Argulus/Porocephalus clade, providing strong support for the proposal that tongue worms are highly modified crustaceans closely related to fish lice.

Loss Of Biological Diversity: A Global Crisis Requiring International Solutions: A Report To The National Science Board, Craig Call Black, Perry L. Adkisson, Gardner Mallard Brown, Rita Rossi Colwell, Charles E. Hess, James B. Holderman, K. June Lindstedt-Siva, William A. Nierenberg, Peter Hamilton Raven, Theodore M. Smith, Edward O. Wilson, W. Franklin Harris

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Executive Summary

Biological diversity refers to the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur. Diversity can be defined as the number of different items and their relative frequency. For biological diversity, these items are organized at many levels, ranging from complete ecosystems to the chemical structures that are the molecular basis of heredity. Thus, the term encompasses different ecosystems, species, genes, and their relative abundance (OTA, 1987).

There is an ongoing, unprecedented loss of the variety as well as absolute numbers of organisms-from the smallest microorganism to the largest and most spectacular of …

Case Report Of Human Infection With Capillaria Philippinensis, Ching-Yu Chen, Wei-Chuan Hsieh, Tsang-Lie Chen

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

In July 1988, a case of human infection with Capillaria philippinensis, so-called the intestinal capillariasis, was discovered at the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH). This is the first case reported in Taiwan.

Capillaria philippinesis is a parasite of fish-eating birds In nature it has a fish-bird life cycle. When human populations disrupt the natural cycle by eating raw fish infected with the larvae of C. philippinensis, they may acquire the disease.

The Phylogenetic Status Of The Ancryocephalidae Bychowsky, 1937 (Monogenea: Dactylogyroidea), Delane C. Kitsky, Walter A. Boeger

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Phylogenetic analysis of selected subfamily and family taxa within the Dactylogyroidea indicates that the Ancyrocephalidae Bychowsky, 1937, is unnatural. The family contains both poly- and paraphyletic features. The analysis supports the previous elevation of the Pseudomurraytrematinae to family status and suggests that revision of the Ancyrocephalidae is necessary. Two options for revision are provided; that of returning the taxon to subfamily status within the Dactylogyridae is preferred, requiring a change in status of the Heterotesiidae to a subfamily within the Dactylogyridae.

Helminth Parasites Of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix Occidentalis Caurina) From Oregon, Eric P. Hoberg, G. S. Miller, E. Wallner-Pendleton, O. R. Hedstrom

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Helminth parasites are reported for the first time from northern spotted owls. Seventyone percent of a sample of Strix occidentalis caurina from western Oregon was infected. Nematodes (Porrocaecum depressum, Capillaria falconis, Microtetrameres sp. and Synhimantus hamatus) were the most prevalent parasites although cestodes (Paruterina rauschi) and acanthocephalans (Centrorhynchus conspectus) were also represented. There was an association between components of this helminth fauna and the diet of spotted owls which is dominated by small rodents. The occurrence of P. rauschi rather than P. candelabraria in this geographic region and host-species may provide additional …

A Mimbres Burial With Associated Colon Remains From The Nan Ranch Ruin, New Mexico, Harry J. Shafer, Marrianne Marek, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

The skeletal remains of an adult male associated with desiccated tissue and a coprolite were recovered from an apen-air midden deposit at the NAN Ranch Ruin (LA15049)) a large Mimbres site in Grant County) New Mexico. The find dates to about A.C. 1000-1100. Identifiable macroscopic elements in the caprolite consist offi nely fragmented corn and tiny seed fragments of an unknown plant. High amounts of willow (Salix) and mustard (Brassicaceae) pollen may indicate the ingestion of medicinal plants to combat a deteriorating health condition. The individual was approximately 35 -40 years old at the time of death and suffered from …

Bioarcheological Synthesis For "From The Gulf To The Rio Grande: Human Adaptation In Central, South, And Lower Pecos Texas", Karl Reinhard, Ben W. Olive, D. Gentry Steele

Karl Reinhard Publications

One of the main problems encountered in the review of the bioarcheology of Region 3 has been the limited number of sites where human skeletal material has been adequately recovered and analyzed. In the preceding chapter it was documented that less than 30% of the burials recovered from recorded sites have been reported in published literature. It was further estimated that of the 323 sites with burials, no more than 80 sites have published detailed bioarcheological reports on the burials recovered. Only 50 of these 80 reports provide individual descriptions of each burial which facilitate subsequent analyses and evaluation.

Four …

An Alternative Approach For Evaluating The Efficacy Of Potential Biocontrol Agents Of Weeds. 1. Inverse Linear Mode, Dan J. Pantone, William A. Williams, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Methods for evaluating the efflicacy of potential classical biocontrol agents were outlined for a model biocontrol agent-weed-crop system. A proposed biocontrol agent (the fiddleneck flower gall nematode), its weed host (coast fiddleneck), and wheat were used as representative organisms. An additive experimental design (inverse linear model) was used. Regression of the reciprocal of the average plant biomass of each species onto the density of itself and the other plant species yielded competitive indices that measure the competitive ability of the plants. The results of 2 yr of field experiments revealed a dramatic change in the competitive interaction between fiddleneck and …

An Alternative Approach For Evaluating The Efficacy Of Potential Biocontrol Agents Of Weeds. 2. Path Analysis, Dan J. Pantone, William A. Williams, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Path analysis was used to assess the efficacy of the fiddleneck flower gall nematode as a weed biocontrol agent of coast fiddleneck in competition with wheat during 2 yr of field experiments. The path analysis revealed that the number of inflorescences/plant for fiddleneck and the number of heads/plant for wheat were the most important yield components that determine fecundity and seed yield. The density of fiddleneck had a much greater impact on the yield components of fiddleneck than did the density of wheat or the nematode rate of inoculation. The nematode had its greatest negative impact on the number of …

Vector Capability Of Xiphinema Americanum Sensu Lato In California, John A. Griesbach, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Seven field populations of Xiphineraa americanum sensu lato from California's major agronomic areas were tested for their ability to transmit two nepoviruses, including the prune brownline, peach yellow bud, and grapevine yellow vein strains of tomato ringspot virus and the bud blight strain of tobacco ringspot virus. Two field populations transmitted all isolates, one population transmitted all tomato ringspot virus isolates but failed to transmit bud blight strain of tobacco ringspot virus, and the remaining four populations failed to transmit any virus. Only one population, which transmitted all isolates, had been associated with field spread of a nepovirus. As two …

Tribune: Genus And Family: Concepts And Natural Groupings, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A little over two hundred and fifty years ago Linnaeus (= Linne) began to maneuver his concepts of animal arrangement into Aristotle’s logic of classes. Twenty-three years elapsed between the publication of his first and tenth editions of Systema naturae. The tenth edition (1758) is the acknowledged starting point of zoological nomenclature. Often forgotten but highly significant is the fact that he spent those intervening twenty years orchestrating the then known animals into the world of philosophy.

Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From Insectivores. Viii. Four New Species From The Star-Nosed Mole, Condylura Cristata, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Twenty-four star-nosed moles, Condylura cristata, collected from the northeastern United States (Maine, Massachusetts, Ohio, Vermont) were examined for coccidian oocysts. All of the moles were infected with from 1 to 4 species of coccidia representing 2 eimerian and 3 isosporan spp., but oocysts of only 4 of these species were present in sufficient numbers for detailed study; these are described as new. Sporulated oocysts of ,i>Eimeria condylurae n. sp. were subspheroid, 17.7 x 15.7 (17-23 x 14-21) μm, with sporocysts ellipsoid, 11.7 x 5.6 (11-14 x 5-6) μm; E. condylurae was found in 3 of 24 (12.5%) moles. …

Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From The Subterranean Rodent Ctenomys Opimus Wagner (Ctenomyidae) From Bolivia, South America, Christine R. Lambert, Scott Lyell Gardner, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Of 35 tuco-tucos (Ctenomys opimus) collected in Bolivia, South America, 31 (88%) had eimerian oocysts in their feces at the time they were examined. Eighteen (58%) of the 31 infected animals were concurrently infected with 2 or 3 eimerian species. Four species of Eimeria were recovered and are described as new species based on the characteristics of sporulated oocysts. Oocysts of E. granifera n. sp. were ellipsoidal, 21.1 x 17.2 (15-26 x 11-20), μm with sporocysts ovoidal, 11.3 x 7.1 (8-14 x 5-9), μm. Oocysts of Eimeria montuosi n. sp. were spheroidal, 24.2 x 22.0 (21-28 x …

Cestodes Of The Genus Hymenolepis Weinland, 1858 Sensu Stricto From Pocket Gophers Geomys And Thomomys Spp. (Rodentia: Geomyidae) In Colorado And Oregon, With A Discriminant Analysis Of Four Species Of Hymenolepis, Scott Lyell Gardner, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cestodes found to represent previously undescribed members of the genus Hymenolepis s. str. (Yamaguti, 1959) were recovered from pocket gophers, Geomys bursarius (Shaw), in northeastern Colorado. Hymenolepis weldensis n. sp. and H. geomydis n. sp., not occurring together in any individual host, were found in 3 and 8%, respectively, of pocket gophers examined for helminths. The life cycle of H. weldensis was completed in the laboratory using beetles, Tenebrio molitor (L.), as intermediate hosts, and pocket gophers of three genera (Geomys, Thomomys, and Pappogeomys) as definitive hosts. Development of H. weldensis did not …

Some Parasitic Helminths From The American Oystercatcher, Haematopus Palliatus Temminck, From The Texas Gulf Coast And The Common Pied Oystercatcher, H. Ostralegus Linnaeus, From New Zealand, Including Dildotaenia Latovarium N. Gen. And N. Sp. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae), Norman O. Dronen, Gerald D. Schmidt, Bertha R. Allison, John W. Mellen

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Acanthoparyphium spinulosum (Digenea) and Dildotaenia latovarium n. gen. and n. sp. (Eucestoda) were recovered from an American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus, Galveston, Texas. This is the first report of A. spinulosum from the American oystercatcher. Dildotaenia latovarium was also recovered from common pied oystercatcher, H. ostralegus, from New Zealand. The new genus can be distinguished from all other hymenolepid genera that have a copulatory stylet in lacking a cirrus. The type species is characterized by the exaggerated width of its ovary. Of the other species of hymenolepids with 8 rostellar hooks from birds, Dildotaenia latovarium most closely resembles Retinometra …

Parasitangrepp I Ögon Hos Fisk, Som Lever I Kylvatten Från Kärnkraftsreaktorer, Johan Höglund, Jan Thulin

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Sammanfattning

Under åren 1983 t.o.m. 1987 undersöktes förekomst, intensitet och skadeverkan av ögonsugmaskar hos fisk, som påverkats av en förhöjd vattentemperatur. Undersökningarna utfördes huvudsakligen i Biotestsjön, som är ett 1 km² stort invallat havsområde (S ^o/_oo salthalt), som mottager uppvärmt (ca. 8 °C) kylvatten (ca. 90 m³ / s) från Forsmarks kärnkraftverk. Både de morfologiska och experimentella undersökningarna med metacerkarier tyder på att det förekommer fyra olika arter av släktet Diplostomum i Biotestsjön, två i abborre och två i mört. Då taxonomiska revisioner pågår utomlands föredrogs att kalla dessa arter Diplostomum sp1-4. Metacerkarier av D. …

A Plea For Improved Presentation Of Type Material For Coccidia, Susan M. Bandioni, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The "true" coccidia (phylum Apicomplexa, suborder Eimeriina) constitute a large and heterogeneous group of parasitic protozoa. Despite the large number of described species (ca. 1,650) and the medical and veterinary importance of some (e.g., Toxoplasma), 2 facts are clear: (1) the majority of coccidia species are probably yet undescribed, and (2) the phylogenetic relationships of those described species are poorly known. Contributing to the latter dilemma is the lack of a tradition to provide type specimens by those who describe new species, even though the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature specifically recommends the designation of a type …

On The Status Of Eimeria Nieschulzi Oocysts Embedded In Resin Eleven Years Ago: A Permanent Method For Preserving Coccidian Oocysts, Alan A. Marchiondo, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria nieschulzi that were fixed and mounted on glass slides in polymerized resin in 1976 are examined. Size, shape, and integrity of oocysts and sporocysts are compared to similar observations we made in 1977 and reported in 1978 (Journal of Parasitology 64: 163-164). Our conclusion is that the methods we reported on in 1978 provide one opportunity to produce permanent specimens of sporulated oocysts that could be made available for deposit in nationally accredited museums.

Echinococcus Vogeli Rausch And Bernstein, 1972, From The Paca, Cuniculus Paca L. (Rodentia: Dayproctidae), In The Departamento De Santa Cruz, Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Robert L. Rausch, Otto Carlos Jordan Camacho

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Among approximately 2,000 mammals examined for helminths in various regions of Bolivia during 1983-1987, cysts of Echinococcus vogeli Rausch and Bernstein, 1972, were found in a single paca, Cuniculus paca L., collected at La Laguna, Departamento de Santa Cruz (lat. 16° 36' W; long. 62° 42' S). This record, the first from Bolivia, represents a considerable extension of the known geographic range of this species in South America. Upon analysis of the morphologic characteristics of the protoscoleces derived from the cysts, the sizes of rostellar hooks from the material from the paca were found to be well within the ranges …