Immunology of Infectious Disease Commons^™

The Dengue Vaccine Initiative: A Bibliometric Analysis Of Research Publications, Festus Mulakoli, Abednego Ongeso, Horatius Musembi

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Dengue fever has become a significant public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions and affects millions of people annually. Approximately 390 million people worldwide are estimated to be infected with dengue every year, of which 96 million develop dengue fever. Recently, there has been a noticeable increase in dengue cases, primarily in areas with tropical and subtropical climates. Vaccines have been developed to prevent or reduce the severity of the disease. This study reviews the number of publications on dengue vaccines and related topics worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the research output and create a narrative on global vaccine …

Lactoferrin And Lysozyme To Promote Nutritional, Clinical And Enteric Recovery: A Protocol For A Factorial, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Randomised Trial Among Children With Diarrhoea And Malnutrition (The Boresha Afya Trial), Ruchi Tiwari, Kirkby Tickell, Emily Yoshioka, Joyce Otieno, Adeel Shah, Barbra Richardson, Lucia Keter, Maureen Okello, Churchil Nyabinda, Indi Trehan

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Introduction: Children with moderate or severe wasting are at particularly high risk of recurrent or persistent diarrhoea, nutritional deterioration and death following a diarrhoeal episode. Lactoferrin and lysozyme are nutritional supplements that may reduce the risk of recurrent diarrhoeal episodes and accelerate nutritional recovery by treating or preventing underlying enteric infections and/or improving enteric function.

Methods and analysis: In this factorial, blinded, placebo-controlled randomised trial, we aim to determine the efficacy of lactoferrin and lysozyme supplementation in decreasing diarrhoea incidence and improving nutritional recovery in Kenyan children convalescing from comorbid diarrhoea and wasting. Six hundred children aged 6–24 months with …

Poliovirus Immunity Among Children Aged 6-11 And 36-48 Months In 14 Polio High-Risk Provinces Of Afghanistan: A Health-Facility-Based Study, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Maureen Martinez, Noha H. Farag, William S. Hendley, Derek Ehrhardt, Imran Ahmed, Imtiaz Hussain, William Weldon, Ahmed M. Kassem

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Afghanistan is one of two countries where wild poliovirus (WPV) type 1 remains endemic. We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional survey of antipoliovirus antibodies in children in 14 provinces of Afghanistan. The provinces were selected based on programmatic priorities for polio eradication. Children aged 6-11 and 36-48 months attending outpatient clinics were enrolled in the study. We collected venous blood, isolated serum, and conducted neutralization assays to detect poliovirus neutralizing antibodies. A total of 2086 children from the 14 provinces were enrolled. Among the enrolled children, 44.3% were girls; the median age in the 6-11-month group was 9.4 months, and in …

Physician's Attitudes On Pulmonary Rehabilitation Following Covid-19: A Brief Perspective From A Developing Country, Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda, Emanuel Vanegas, Miguel Felix, María José Farfán Bajaña, Azza Sarfraz, Zouina Sarfraz, Genesis Camacho, Alanna Barrios-Ruiz, Jack Michel

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Despite the uncertainty about the follow up of COVID-19 survivors, there is a growing body of evidence supporting specific interventions including pulmonary rehabilitation, which may lead to a reduced hospital stay and improved overall respiratory function. The aim of this short report was to assess the attitudes toward pulmonary rehabilitation following COVID-19 among Ecuadorian physicians. A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which a 5-question survey was used to assess the level of agreement to specific statements with a 5-point Likert scale. Out of the 282 participants, 48.2% (n=136) were male, with a mean of 12.6 (SD=11.3) years of experience. More …

Frequency And Factors Associated With Adult Immunization In Patients Visiting Family Medicine Clinics At A Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Samar Zaki, Asma Usman, Swaleha Tariq, Sameena Shah, Iqbal Azam Syed, Waris Qidwai, Kashmira Nanji

Department of Family Medicine

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with adult immunization in patients visiting family medicine clinics at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2014 to March 2015 in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Participants more than 18 years were invited to participate in the study. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect information. Data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 19.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp).
Results: A total of 340 patients were surveyed. The majority of patients …

Norovirus Infection And Acquired Immunity In 8 Countries: Results From The Mal-Ed Study, Furqan Kabir, Adil Kalam, Pascal Bessong Pascal Bessong, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Anita K. M. Zaidi, (Mal-Ed) Network Investigators, Imran Ahmed, Didar Alam, Syed Asad Ali, Shahida Qureshi, Muneera Rasheed, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Ali Turab, Aisha Khizar Yousafzai

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Norovirus is an important cause of childhood diarrhea. We present data from a longitudinal, multicountry study describing norovirus epidemiology during the first 2 years of life.
Methods: A birth cohort of 1457 children across 8 countries contributed 7077 diarrheal stools for norovirus testing. A subset of 199 children contributed additional asymptomatic samples (2307) and diarrheal stools (770), which were used to derive incidence rates and evaluate evidence for acquired immunity.
Results: Across sites, 89% of children experienced at least 1 norovirus infection before 24 months, and 22.7% of all diarrheal stools were norovirus positive. Severity of norovirus-positive diarrhea was …

The Impact Of Polio Eradication On Routine Immunization And Primary Health Care: A Mixed-Methods Study, Svea Closser, Kelly Cox, Thomas M. Parris, R Matthew Landis, Judith Justice, Ranjani Gopinath, Kenneth Maes, Hailom Banteyerga Amaha, Ismaila Zango Mohammed, Rashid Jooma

Section of Neurosurgery

Background: After 2 decades of focused efforts to eradicate polio, the impact of eradication activities on health systems continues to be controversial. This study evaluated the impact of polio eradication activities on routine immunization (RI) and primary healthcare (PHC).
Methods: Quantitative analysis assessed the effects of polio eradication campaigns on RI and maternal healthcare coverage. A systematic qualitative analysis in 7 countries in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa assessed impacts of polio eradication activities on key health system functions, using data from interviews, participant observation, and document review.
Results: Our quantitative analysis did not find compelling evidence of widespread and …

Diphtheria Toxin Fusion Proteins, Frank Foss, Mansoor Saleh, James Krueger, John Nichols, John Murphy

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

Two different approaches have been undertaken to develop targeted biomolecules for therapeutics. The first was the construction of immunotoxins consisting of monoclonal antibodies chemically linked through a disulfide bond to a plant or bacterial toxin or radionuclide. Instability of the chemical conjugation of some of the earlier immunotoxins led to the concept of using protein engineering and recombinant DNA to assemble fusion genes combining the sequences for the enzymatically active and translocation domains of a toxin with those of a specific targeting ligand. From the outset, the prospect of using recombinant DNA methods to assemble the structural genes encoding bacterial …

503 Phase I Radioimmunotherapy (Rit) Study Of 90y-Cc49 Monoclonal Antibody (Mab) Therapy In Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc), Francisco Robert, Ruby Meredith, Michael Khazaeli, Charles Russell, William Grizzle, John Newsome, Mansoor Saleh

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

503 Phase I radioimmunotherapy (RIT) study of 90Y-CC49 monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) × Close The Infona portal uses cookies, ie strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms …

Phase Ii Trial Of Murine Monoclonal Antibody D612 Combined With Recombinant Human Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (Rhm-Csf) In Patients With Metastatic Gastrointestinal Cancer, Mansoor Saleh, Michael Khazaeli, Richard Wheeler, Pat Bucy, Tiepe Liu, Michael Everson, David Mun, Jeff Schlom

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

In a Phase II study, 14 patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancer received the mAb D612 (40 mg/m2, days 4, 7, and 11) in combination with recombinant human monocyte colony-stimulating factor [(rhM-CSF) 80 ug/kg/days 1-14]. The combined treatment was well tolerated and resulted in characteristic biological activity associated with each of the agents. Thus, 10 of 14 patients experienced D612-associated secretory diarrhea, which responded to the prostaglandin inhibitor Indomethacin in 5 of 7 patients. rhM-CSF therapy was associated with peripheral mono- cytosis (peak absolute monocyte count, 1444 ±394/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (nadir count, 78 ±10/nim '). Monocyte surface marker analysis revealed a …

Evidence For The Elevation Of Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen And Tumor-Associated Glycoprotein-72 Levels In Patients Administered Interferons, John Greiner, Fiorella Guadagni, David Goldstein, Ernest Borden, Roy Ritts, Patricia Witt, Albert Lobuglio, Mansoor Saleh, Jeffrey Schlom

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

Sera were collected from 111 patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma or nonadenocarcinoma malignancies who received different schedules of interferon (IFN)-γ or IFN-βser alone or in combination. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG-72) antigen levels were measured to determine whether interferon could enhance the tumor shedding and, thereby, the serum level of either tumor antigen. Less than 10% of the sera samples from patients diagnosed with nonadenocarcinoma malignancies (e.g., hairy cell leukemia, melanoma) had positive titers of TAG-72 or CEA, and interferon neither increased nor resulted in the appearance of either tumor antigen in those sera. In contrast, 59.2% and …

Pharmacokinetics, Immune Response, And Biodistribution Of Iodine-131-Labeled Chimeric Mouse/Human Igg1, K 17-1a Monoclonal Antibody, Ruby Meredith, Albert Lobuglio, Walter Plott, Roger Orr, Ivan Brezovich, Charles Russell, Elizabeth Harvey, Michael Yester, Mansoor Saleh

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

Pharmacokinetics,immunogenicity,and biodistributionof a 131I-Iabeledmouse/human chimenc monoclonal antibody (C17-1A) was studiedin six metastaticcoloncancerpatients. Pharmacokinetics obtalned from serum radioactivity or chi mera concentration were identical after 5 mCi of 131I(>17-1A withmeanalphahalf-livesof 17.6±2.3 and19.7±2.9 and meanbeta half-livesof 100.9±16.1 and 106.4±14.1 hr, respectively. HPLC analysis documented the monomeric chi rneiic17-lA withoutevidenceof immunecomplexesorfree 1311 None of the patients developed antibody after ‘31I-chi merle17-1A exposure.Radiolocalizationoccurredin known areas of disease >4 cm in all patients. The half-life of total body radioactivity was 58 ±7 hr by whole-body counts and 64 ±13 hr by urine measurements. Whole-body and bone marrow dose estimates ranged from 0.75-1 .03 and …

Monocyte-Platelet Interaction In Immune And Nonimmune Thrombocytopenia, Mansoor Saleh, D L. Moore, J Y. Lee, A F. Lobuglio

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

Platelets from 24 patients with immune thrombocytopenia resistant to standard therapy (refractory ITP), 35 patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia (non-ITP), and 32 normal donors were studied in regard to platelet surface-bound IgG (PBIgG) and the ability of these platelets to be bound by human monocytes in vitro (monocyte-platelet rosette assay). Fourteen (58%) of the platelet samples from refractory ITP patients but none (0%) from the non-ITP or control donors had PBIgG greater than 800 molecules IgG/platelet. Seventeen of 24 (71%) of the ITP patients had platelets which demonstrated increased monocyte- platelet rosette formation [rosette index (RI) greater than 2], whereas only …

Clinical Use Of A Standard Kit-Preparation Of Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibody 96.5 In The Diagnostic Imaging Of Metastatic Melanoma., Mansoor Saleh, D M. Miller, L Peterson, C D. Russell, M W. Unger

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

We studied the efficiency of a standard-kit preparation using 1 mg 111In-labeled 96.5 monoclonal antibody in combination with 19 mg of unlabeled antibody in the diagnostic imaging of 27 patients with documented metastatic melanoma. Twenty-three of 26 patients (88%) demonstrated immunoscintigraphic localization of tumor. Of 104 metastatic sites previously documented by conventional studies, 62 (60%) were identified by immunoscintigraphy. A total of 77 sites demonstrated localization of radiolabeled antibody. Fifty-four (70%) corresponded to known sites of disease; eight sites (10%) were "discovered" by immunoscintigraphy and subsequently confirmed by conventional studies; 15 imaged sites (20%) could not be confirmed by conventional …

Lectins, El-Nasir Lalani, M Wells

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.