Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Medical Sciences

Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 841 - 870 of 911

Full-Text Articles in Immunology and Infectious Disease

Association Between Coinfection Of Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans And Treponema Denticola And Periodontal Tissue Destruction In Chronic Periodontitis, L. L. Chen, Y. M. Wu, J. Yan, W. L. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, David M. Ojcius Jan 2005

Association Between Coinfection Of Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans And Treponema Denticola And Periodontal Tissue Destruction In Chronic Periodontitis, L. L. Chen, Y. M. Wu, J. Yan, W. L. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Role Of The Hypervariable Hinge Region Of Phosphoprotein P Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus In Viral Rna Synthesis And Assembly Of Infectious Virus Particles, Subash C. Das, Asit K. Pattnaik Jan 2005

Role Of The Hypervariable Hinge Region Of Phosphoprotein P Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus In Viral Rna Synthesis And Assembly Of Infectious Virus Particles, Subash C. Das, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The phosphoprotein (P protein) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an essential subunit of the viral RNAdependent RNA polymerase and has multiple functions residing in its different domains. In the present study, we examined the role of the hypervariable hinge region of P protein in viral RNA synthesis and recovery of infectious VSV by using transposon-mediated insertion mutagenesis and deletion mutagenesis. We observed that insertions of 19-amino-acid linker sequences at various positions within this region affected replication and transcription functions of the P protein to various degrees. Interestingly, one insertion mutant was completely defective in both transcription and replication. Using …

Go to article

Waccnes Containing Bovine Herpe Svirus 1 Attenuated By Mutation In Latency-Related Gene, Clinton J. Jones Sep 2004

Waccnes Containing Bovine Herpe Svirus 1 Attenuated By Mutation In Latency-Related Gene, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Vaccines for pathogenic Strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) which are based on attenuated BHV-1 having a mutation in the latency-related gene are provided. Live, attenuated vaccines are also provided which express anti gens from other viral or bacterial pathogens and thus form the basis of a variety of vaccines.

Go to article

Activation Of The Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway Contributes To Survival Of Primary Epithelial Cells Infected With The Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Özlem Yilmaz, Thomas Jungas, Philippe Verbeke, David M. Ojcius Jul 2004

Activation Of The Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway Contributes To Survival Of Primary Epithelial Cells Infected With The Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Özlem Yilmaz, Thomas Jungas, Philippe Verbeke, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen, infects primary gingival epithelial cells (GECs). Despite the large number of bacteria that replicate inside the GECs, the host cell remains viable. We demonstrate that P. gingivalis triggers rapid and reversible surface phosphatidylserine exposure through a mechanism requiring caspase activation. However, after 1 day of infection, the bacteria no longer induce phosphatidylserine externalization and instead protect infected cells against apoptosis. Infection exerts its effect at the level of mitochondria, as P. gingivalis also blocks depolarization of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and cytochrome c release. Interestingly, protein kinase B/Akt is phosphorylated during infection, which can …

Go to article

Phosphorylation Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Phosphoprotein P Is Indispensable For Virus Growth†, Subash C. Das, Asit K. Pattnaik Jan 2004

Phosphorylation Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Phosphoprotein P Is Indispensable For Virus Growth†, Subash C. Das, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The phosphoprotein (P) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an essential subunit of the viral RNAdependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex. It is phosphorylated at two different domains. Using defective interfering (DI) RNA or minigenomic RNA templates, we previously demonstrated that phosphorylation within the amino-terminal domain I is essential for transcription, whereas phosphorylation within the carboxyterminal domain II is necessary for replication. For the present study, we examined the role of the phosphorylation of residues in these domains in the life cycle of VSV. Various mutant P coding sequences were inserted into a full-length cDNA clone of VSV, and the virus …

Go to article

Tolerance Of The Fetus By The Maternal Immune System: Role Of Inflammatory Mediators At The Feto-Maternal Interface, Colette Kanellopoulos-Langevin, Stephane M. Caucheteux, Philippe Verbeke, David M. Ojcius Dec 2003

Tolerance Of The Fetus By The Maternal Immune System: Role Of Inflammatory Mediators At The Feto-Maternal Interface, Colette Kanellopoulos-Langevin, Stephane M. Caucheteux, Philippe Verbeke, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The adaptive immune system of placental mammals has evolved to tolerate the fetus. Rejection of the fetus by adaptive immune responses is therefore a rare event, with abortion being caused more frequently by inflammation in the placenta. This review will cover recent aspects of immune privilege and the innate immune system at the feto-maternal interface, citing examples of the role played by microbial infections in fetal demise.

Go to article

Determination Of The Optimal Form Of A Dna Vaccine To Induce An Effective Immune Response Against A Murine B-Cell Lymphoma, Deepti Aurora Dec 2003

Determination Of The Optimal Form Of A Dna Vaccine To Induce An Effective Immune Response Against A Murine B-Cell Lymphoma, Deepti Aurora

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Tumor vaccines are a promising alternative to chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer. To be effective and safe, a cancer vaccine should specifically target antigens expressed only on tumor cells. The B-cell tumor-derived Ig receptor may be considered a model tumor antigen for cancer vaccine development. Specifically the immunoglobulin idiotype (ld) encoded by the variable region genes (VH and VL) provides a target antigen. Promising results have been obtained in clinical studies of ld vaccination using ld proteins. However, ld protein is laborious and time-consuming to produce. Gene-based vaccines, on the other hand, are inexpensive and offer ease of manipulation …

Go to article

The Benefits Of Breastfeeding: An Introduction For Health Educators, Sheila G. J. Clark, Timothy J. Bungum Sep 2003

The Benefits Of Breastfeeding: An Introduction For Health Educators, Sheila G. J. Clark, Timothy J. Bungum

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Currently 16% of Americans breastfeed their children for at least 12 months as recommended by the AAP, which is well below the HP 2010 goal of 25%. Breastfed infants receive benefits that can improve their health throughout their lives. The benefits of breastfeeding for children include increased resistance to infectious diseases, such as gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infections, and ear infections. Breastfed children also display lower rates of chronic diseases including diabetes, obesity, asthma, and leukemia. The choice to breastfeed results in economic benefits from lower health care costs and from reduced spending on infant formula. The Healthy People 2010 targets …

Go to article

Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization Induces Cell Death In A Mitochondrion-Dependent Fashion, Patricia Boya, Karine Andreau, Delphine Poncet, Naoufal Zamzami, Jean-Luc Perfettini, Didier Metivier, David M. Ojcius, Marja Jäättelä, Guido Kroemer May 2003

Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization Induces Cell Death In A Mitochondrion-Dependent Fashion, Patricia Boya, Karine Andreau, Delphine Poncet, Naoufal Zamzami, Jean-Luc Perfettini, Didier Metivier, David M. Ojcius, Marja Jäättelä, Guido Kroemer

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

A number of diseases are due to lysosomal destabilization, which results in damaging cell loss. To investigate the mechanisms of lysosomal cell death, we characterized the cytotoxic action of two widely used quinolone antibiotics: ciprofloxacin (CPX) or norfloxacin (NFX). CPX or NFX plus UV light (NFX*) induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), as detected by the release of cathepsins from lysosomes. Inhibition of the lysosomal accumulation of CPX or NFX suppresses their capacity to induce LMP and to kill cells. CPX- or NFX-triggered LMP results in caspase-independent cell death, with hallmarks of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation and phosphatidylserine exposure on …

Go to article

Role Of Proapoptotic Bax In Propagation Of Chlamydia Muridarum (The Mouse Pneumonitis Strain Of Chlamydia Trachomatis) And The Host Inflammatory Response, Jean-Luc Perfettini, David M. Ojcius, Charles W. Andrews Jr., Stanley J. Korsmeyer, Roger G. Rank, Toni Darville Mar 2003

Role Of Proapoptotic Bax In Propagation Of Chlamydia Muridarum (The Mouse Pneumonitis Strain Of Chlamydia Trachomatis) And The Host Inflammatory Response, Jean-Luc Perfettini, David M. Ojcius, Charles W. Andrews Jr., Stanley J. Korsmeyer, Roger G. Rank, Toni Darville

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The BCL-2 family member BAX plays a critical role in regulating apoptosis. Surprisingly, bax-deficient mice display limited phenotypic abnormalities. Here we investigate the effect of BAX on infection by the sexually transmitted pathogen,Chlamydia muridarum (the mouse pneumonitis strain ofChlamydia trachomatis). Bax −/−cells are relatively resistant to Chlamydia-induced apoptosis, and fewer bacteria are recovered after two infection cycles from Bax −/− cells than from wild-type cells. These results suggest that BAX-dependent apoptosis may be used to initiate a new round of infection, most likely by releasingChlamydia-containing apoptotic bodies from infected cells that could be internalized by neighboring uninfected cells. Nonetheless, infected …

Go to article

Characterization Of A Gene Encoding Two Isoforms Of A Mitochondrial Protein Upregulated By Cyclosporin A In Activated T Cells, Laurent Mascarell, Rodolphe Auger, Andres Alcover, David M. Ojcius, Thomas Jungas, Veronique Cadet-Daniel, Jean M. Kanellopoulos, Paolo Truffa-Bacchi Mar 2003

Characterization Of A Gene Encoding Two Isoforms Of A Mitochondrial Protein Upregulated By Cyclosporin A In Activated T Cells, Laurent Mascarell, Rodolphe Auger, Andres Alcover, David M. Ojcius, Thomas Jungas, Veronique Cadet-Daniel, Jean M. Kanellopoulos, Paolo Truffa-Bacchi

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Cyclosporin A (CSA) is an immunosuppressor used in organ transplantation. A recent proteomic analysis has revealed that activation of T cells in the presence of CSA induces the synthesis of hundreds of new proteins. Here we used representational difference analysis to characterize some of the corresponding induced genes. After cDNA bank screening we focused on one of these genes, which we named CSA-conditional, T cell activation-dependent (CSTAD) gene. This gene produces two mRNAs resulting from alternative splicing events. They encode two proteins of 104 and 141 amino acids, CSTADp-S and CSTADp-L, for the short and long forms, respectively. FK506 had …

Go to article

Isovolumetric Regulation In Mammal Cells: Role Of Taurine, B. Ordaz, R. Franco, National University Of Mexico Tuz Jan 2003

Isovolumetric Regulation In Mammal Cells: Role Of Taurine, B. Ordaz, R. Franco, National University Of Mexico Tuz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The ability to regulate cell volume is an ancient conserved trait present in essentially all species through evolution. The maintenance of a constant cell volume is a homeostatic imperative in animal cells. Changes in cell water content affecting the concentration of intracellular messenger molecules impair the complex signaling network, crucial for cell functioning and intercellular communication. Although the renal homeostatic mechanisms exert a precise control of extracellular fluid osmolarity, this is challenged in a variety of pathological situations. The intracellular volume constancy is continuously compromised by the generation of local and transient osmotic microgradients, associated with nutrients uptake, secretion, cytoskeleton …

Go to article

Osmosensitive Taurine Release: Does Taurine Share The Same Efflux Pathway With Chloride And Other Amino Acid Osmolytes?, Rodrigo Franco Jan 2003

Osmosensitive Taurine Release: Does Taurine Share The Same Efflux Pathway With Chloride And Other Amino Acid Osmolytes?, Rodrigo Franco

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Swelling subsequent to hyposmotic conditions activates a process of volume regulation present in most cell types. This volume adjustment is accomplished by osmolyte translocation toward the extracellular space to reach a new osmotic equilibrium. Molecules involved in this homeostatic mechanism have been broadly classified into two categories: organic and inorganic osmolytes. Inorganic osmolytes comprise mainly the intracellular ions K+ and Cl–. Cell swelling–induced activation of separate K+ and Cl– channels has been described in most preparations. Organic osmolytes are grouped in three categories: amino acids, polyalcohols, and methylamines. These osmolytes, particularly taurine, are present in …

Go to article

Role Of Activator Protein-1 In The Down-Regulation Of The Human Cyp2j2 Gene In Hypoxia, Nicole Y. Marden, Eva Fiala-Beer, Shi-Hua Xiang, Michael Murray Jan 2003

Role Of Activator Protein-1 In The Down-Regulation Of The Human Cyp2j2 Gene In Hypoxia, Nicole Y. Marden, Eva Fiala-Beer, Shi-Hua Xiang, Michael Murray

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2J2 arachidonic acid epoxygenase gene was down-regulated at a pre-translational level in human hepatoma-derived HepG2 cells incubated in a hypoxic environment; under these conditions, the expression of c-Jun and c-Fos mRNA and protein was increased. The 5′-upstream region of the CYP2J2 gene was isolated by amplification of a 2341 bp fragment and putative regulatory elements that resembled activator protein-1 (AP-1)-like sequences were identified. From transient transfection analysis, c-Jun was found to strongly activate a CYP2J2–luciferase reporter construct, but co-transfection with plasmids encoding c-Fos or c-Fos-related antigens, Fra-1 and -2, abrogated reporter activity. Using a series …

Go to article

Method To Detect The Presence Of A Microorganism Or Agent In An Animal, David R. Smith, Laura L. Hungerford, Rodney A. Moxley, Susanne Hinkley, Terry Klopfenstein, Jeff Gray Jan 2003

Method To Detect The Presence Of A Microorganism Or Agent In An Animal, David R. Smith, Laura L. Hungerford, Rodney A. Moxley, Susanne Hinkley, Terry Klopfenstein, Jeff Gray

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The present invention provides a method to detect the presence of a microorganism or agent in an animal. The method encompasses placement of devices at various locations where the animal resides so as to induce the animal to initiate contact with the device. As a result of this contact, the animal deposits various microorganisms and agents on the device. The device is then tested for the presence of the particular microorganism or agent of interest.

Go to article

Mucosal Priming Of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses In Rhesus Macaques By The Salmonella Type Iii Secretion Antigen Delivery System, David T. Evans, Li-Mei Chen, Jacqueline Gillis, Kuei-Chin Lin, Brian Harty, Gail P. Mazzara, Ruben O. Donis, Keith G. Mansfield, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Ronald C. Desrosiers, Jorge E. Galán, R. Paul Johnson Jan 2003

Mucosal Priming Of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses In Rhesus Macaques By The Salmonella Type Iii Secretion Antigen Delivery System, David T. Evans, Li-Mei Chen, Jacqueline Gillis, Kuei-Chin Lin, Brian Harty, Gail P. Mazzara, Ruben O. Donis, Keith G. Mansfield, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Ronald C. Desrosiers, Jorge E. Galán, R. Paul Johnson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Nearly all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are acquired mucosally, and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues are important sites for early virus replication. Thus, vaccine strategies designed to prime virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses that home to mucosal compartments may be particularly effective at preventing or containing HIV infection. The Salmonella type III secretion system has been shown to be an effective approach for stimulating mucosal CTL responses in mice. We therefore tested ∆phoP-phoQ attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. enterica serovar Typhi expressing fragments of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein fused to the …

Go to article

Glutathione Levels And Bax Activation During Apoptosis Due To Oxidative Stress In Cells Expressing Wild-Type And Mutant Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Thomas Jungas, Iris Motta, Francis Duffieux, Pascale Fanen, Veronique Stoven, David M. Ojcius Aug 2002

Glutathione Levels And Bax Activation During Apoptosis Due To Oxidative Stress In Cells Expressing Wild-Type And Mutant Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Thomas Jungas, Iris Motta, Francis Duffieux, Pascale Fanen, Veronique Stoven, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and an imbalance in the concentrations of alveolar and lung oxidants and antioxidants, which result in cell damage. Modifications in lung glutathione concentrations are recognized as a salient feature of inflammatory lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, and glutathione plays a major role in protection against oxidative stress and is important in modulation of apoptosis. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is permeable to Cl−, larger organic ions, and reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione, and the ΔF508 CFTR mutation found in cystic fibrosis patients has been correlated with impaired glutathione transport …

Go to article

Inhibition Of Apoptosis By Gamma Interferon In Cells And Mice Infected With Chlamydia Muridarum (The Mouse Pneumonitis Strain Of Chlamydia Trachomatis), Jean-Luc Perfettini, Toni Darville, Alice Dautry-Varsat, Roger G. Rank, David M. Ojcius May 2002

Inhibition Of Apoptosis By Gamma Interferon In Cells And Mice Infected With Chlamydia Muridarum (The Mouse Pneumonitis Strain Of Chlamydia Trachomatis), Jean-Luc Perfettini, Toni Darville, Alice Dautry-Varsat, Roger G. Rank, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The effect of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) on apoptosis due to infection by Chlamydia muridarum (the mouse pneumonitis strain of Chlamydia trachomatis) was studied in epithelial cells in culture and in the genital tracts of mice. IFN-γ concentrations that induce the formation of aberrant, persistent chlamydiae inhibit apoptosis due to C. muridarum infection. In cells treated with an IFN-γ concentration that leads to the development of a heterogenous population of normal and aberrant Chlamydia vacuoles, apoptosis was inhibited preferentially in cells that contained the aberrant vacuoles. The inhibitory effect of IFN-γ appears to be due in part to expression of host …

Go to article

Composition And Method For The Prevention And Treatment Of Oxidative Damage In Ocular Tissues, Marjorie F. Lou, Nalini Raghavachari;, Fengyu Qiao Apr 2002

Composition And Method For The Prevention And Treatment Of Oxidative Damage In Ocular Tissues, Marjorie F. Lou, Nalini Raghavachari;, Fengyu Qiao

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Thioltransferase and derivatives thereof are provided. Methods of treating or preventing cataract formation comprosing administering thioltransferase or a derivative thereof are also provided. Thioltransferase or derivatives thereof are also useful for treating or preventing diseases resulting from or associated with oxidative stress. Human lens thioltransferase and a DNA sequence encoding the same are also provided.

Go to article

Osmosensitive Release Of Neurotransmitter Amino Acids: Relevance And Mechanisms, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco, Lenin Ochoa, Benito Ordaz Feb 2002

Osmosensitive Release Of Neurotransmitter Amino Acids: Relevance And Mechanisms, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco, Lenin Ochoa, Benito Ordaz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Hyposmolarity activates amino acid efflux as part of the corrective volume process in a variety of cells. This review discusses the mechanism of amino acid release in brain cells preparations. Results present evidence of substantial differences between the efflux of taurine and that of GABA and glu-tamate, which besides a possible role as osmolytes, have a main function as synaptic transmitters. The differences found concern the efflux time course, the sensitivity to Cl– channel blockers, the modulation by tyrosine kinases, the influence of PKC and the effect of cytoskeleton disruptive agents. While taurine efflux features fit well with the …

Go to article

Characterization Of Host-Bacteria Interactions Contributing To Group B Streptococcus Colonization, Jennifer Marie Smith Jan 2002

Characterization Of Host-Bacteria Interactions Contributing To Group B Streptococcus Colonization, Jennifer Marie Smith

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of life-threatening bacterial infections during the first three months of life. GBS is also a frequent cause of maternal postpartum infections. Both types of infections stem from maternal vaginal and/or rectal colonization with GBS in the perinatal period. Limited information is available concerning how the colonization process occurs and what role the host immune system may play in the establishment of persistent colonization by GBS. The complex interactions between the immune system and GBS normally should end in clearance of the bacteria. However, since colonization by GBS occurs in a large number …

Go to article

Mechanisms Counteracting Swelling In Brain Cells During Hyponatremia, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco, Benito Ordaz, Lenin D. Ochoa Jan 2002

Mechanisms Counteracting Swelling In Brain Cells During Hyponatremia, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco, Benito Ordaz, Lenin D. Ochoa

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Water gain in the brain consequent to hyponatremia is counteracted by mechanisms that initially include a compensatory displacement of liquid from the interstitial space to cerebrospinal fluid and systemic circulation and subsequently an active reduction in cell water accomplished by extrusion of intracellular osmolytes to reach osmotic equilibrium. Potassium (K+), chloride (Cl–), amino acids, polyalcohols, and methylamines all contribute to volume regulation, with a major contribution of ions at the early phase and of organic osmolytes at the late phase of the regulatory process. Experimental models in vitro show that osmolyte fluxes occur via leak pathways …

Go to article

Role Of Bcl-2 Family Members In Caspase-Independent Apoptosis Due To Chlamydia Infection, Jean-Luc Perfettini, John C. Reed, Nicole Israel, Jean-Claude Martinou, Alice Dautry-Varsat, David M. Ojcius Jan 2002

Role Of Bcl-2 Family Members In Caspase-Independent Apoptosis Due To Chlamydia Infection, Jean-Luc Perfettini, John C. Reed, Nicole Israel, Jean-Claude Martinou, Alice Dautry-Varsat, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Infection with an obligate intracellular bacterium, the Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV/L2) strain or the guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis serovar of Chlamydia psittaci, leads to apoptosis of host cells. The apoptosis is not affected by a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, and caspase-3 is not activated in infected cells, suggesting that apoptosis mediated by these two strains of Chlamydia is independent of known caspases. Overexpression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, Bax, was previously shown to induce caspase-independent apoptosis, and we find that Bax is activated and translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondria in C. psittaci-infected cells. C. psittaci-induced apoptosis is …

Go to article

Influence Of Protein Tyrosine Kinases On Cell Volume Change-Induced Taurine Release, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco Jan 2002

Influence Of Protein Tyrosine Kinases On Cell Volume Change-Induced Taurine Release, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Taurine efflux occurs in association with cell swelling in both hyposmotic and isosmotic conditions and during cell shrinkage in apoptotic death. Release occurs through a leak pathway, is largely Ca2+-independent and is sensitive to Cl– channel blockers. Taurine efflux elicited by hyposmolarity is reduced or suppressed by tyrosine kinase blockers and increased by tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. The specific kinases involved are still unknown and may be different in the various cell types. Non-receptor and scr-related protein kinases have been identified in some cells as elements that directly phosphorylate the taurine efflux pathway. Possible tyrosine kinase targets are …

Go to article

Methods And Compositions For Protection Against Bovine Viral Diseases, Subramaniam Srikumaran Jan 2002

Methods And Compositions For Protection Against Bovine Viral Diseases, Subramaniam Srikumaran

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for eliciting an immune response against bovine viral epitopes. The methods comprise combining at least one heat shock protein with at least one bovine viral epitope to form a purified epitope/heat shock protein complex and administration of an immune system stimulating amount of the purified epitope/heat shock protein complex. The compositions comprise, a purified epitope/heat shock protein complex comprising at least one bovine viral epitope complexed with at least one heat shock protein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.

Go to article

Evidence For Two Mechanisms Of Amino Acid Osmolyte Release From Hippocampal Slices, R. Franco, M. E. Torres-Marquez, H. Pasantes-Morales Apr 2001

Evidence For Two Mechanisms Of Amino Acid Osmolyte Release From Hippocampal Slices, R. Franco, M. E. Torres-Marquez, H. Pasantes-Morales

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A 30% decrease in osmolarity stimulated 3H-taurine, 3H-GABA and glutamate (followed as 3H-D-aspartate) efflux from rat hippocampal slices. 3H-taurine efflux was activated rapidly but inactivated slowly. It was decreased markedly by 100 μM 5-nitro-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) and 600 μM niflumic acid and inhibited strongly by tyrphostins AG18, AG879 and AG112 (25–100 μM), suggesting a tyrosine kinase-mediated mechanism. Hyposmolarity activated the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) extracellular-signal-related kinase-1/2 (ERK1/ERK2) and p38, but blockade of this reaction did not affect 3H-taurine efflux. Hyposmosis also activated phosphatidyl-inositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its prevention by wortmannin (100 nM) essentially abolished …

Go to article

Amino Acid Osmolytes In Regulatory Volume Decrease And Isovolumetric Regulation In Brain Cells: Contribution And Mechanisms, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco, M. Eugenia Torres-Marquez, Karla Hernandez-Fonseca, Arturo Ortega Oct 2000

Amino Acid Osmolytes In Regulatory Volume Decrease And Isovolumetric Regulation In Brain Cells: Contribution And Mechanisms, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco, M. Eugenia Torres-Marquez, Karla Hernandez-Fonseca, Arturo Ortega

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Brain adaptation to hyposmolarity is accomplished by loss of both electrolytes and organic osmolytes, including amino acids, polyalcohols and methylamines. In brain in vivo, the organic osmolytes account for about 35% of the total solute loss. This review focus on the role of amino acids in cell volume regulation, in conditions of sudden hyposmosis, when cells respond by active regulatory volume decrease (RVD) or after gradual exposure to hyposmotic solutions, a condition where cell volume remains unchanged, named isovolumetric regulation (IVR). The amino acid efflux pathway during RVD is passive and is similar in many respects to the volume-activated anion …

Go to article

La Notion De Danger, Jean M. Kanellopoulos, David M. Ojcius Aug 2000

La Notion De Danger, Jean M. Kanellopoulos, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Pendant de nombreuses années, les recherches en immunologie ont été centrées sur la réponse immunitaire adaptative, et la plupart des immunologistes considéraient que sa fonction principale était de faire la distinction entre soi et non soi. Plus récemment, plusieurs équipes ont proposé que la fonction principale du système immunitaire est en réalité d’éliminer les agents pathogènes. Or, c’est le système immunitaire inné, longtemps négligé, qui joue un rôle essentiel dans l’induction d’une réponse contre les microorganismes. Ce système réagit précocement aux infections, voire instantanément, puis il induit et oriente la réponse du système adaptatif. Plusieursthéories ont été élaborées pour expliquer …

Go to article

Efflux Of Osmolyte Amino Acids During Isovolumic Regulation In Hippocampal Slices, Rodrigo Franco, Octavio Quesada, Herminia Pasantes-Morales May 2000

Efflux Of Osmolyte Amino Acids During Isovolumic Regulation In Hippocampal Slices, Rodrigo Franco, Octavio Quesada, Herminia Pasantes-Morales

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The efflux of potassium (K+) and amino acids from hippocampal slices was measured after sudden exposure to 10% (270 mOsm), 25% (225 mOsm) or 50% (150 mOsm) hyposmotic solutions or after gradual decrease (22.5 mOsm/min) in external osmolarity. In slices suddenly exposed to 50% hyposmotic solutions, swelling was followed by partial (74%) cell volume recovery, suggesting regulatory volume decrease (RVD). With gradual hyposmotic changes, no increase in cell water content was observed even when the solution at the end of the experiment was 50% hyposmotic, showing the occurrence of isovolumic regulation (IVR). The gradual decrease in osmolarity elicited …

Go to article

Effect Of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection And Subsequent Tnfa Secretion On Apoptosis In The Murine Genital Tract, Jean-Luc Perfettini, Toni Darville, Gabriel Gachelin, Philippe Souque, Michel Huerre, Alice Dautry-Varsat, David M. Ojcius Apr 2000

Effect Of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection And Subsequent Tnfa Secretion On Apoptosis In The Murine Genital Tract, Jean-Luc Perfettini, Toni Darville, Gabriel Gachelin, Philippe Souque, Michel Huerre, Alice Dautry-Varsat, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The pathology observed during Chlamydia infection is due initially to localized tissue damage caused by the infection itself, followed by deleterious host inflammatory responses that lead to permanent scarring. We have recently reported that the infection byChlamydia in vitro results in apoptosis of epithelial cells and macrophages and that infected monocytes secrete the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β. At the same time, proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) can also trigger apoptosis of susceptible cells. To study the possible relationship between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and apoptosis in vivo, we used the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling technique to …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last