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Articles 91 - 120 of 314
Full-Text Articles in Genetics
Examining A Functional Interaction Between Chromatin Remodeler Chd1 And Histone H1 In D. Melanogaster, Breanna Kim
Examining A Functional Interaction Between Chromatin Remodeler Chd1 And Histone H1 In D. Melanogaster, Breanna Kim
Scripps Senior Theses
Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding-protein-1 (CHD1) is a highly conserved ATP- dependent remodeling protein. It is localized to active genes and directs nucleosome spacing, while its loss has been linked to various human diseases, such as human prostate cancer. In Drosophila, CHD1 is important for fertility and wing development, and overexpression of CHD1 leads to severe wing vein defect phenotypes. The Linker Histone H1, which is known for maintaining heterochromatin and is associated with inactive genes, had been previously identified as a possible functional partner of CHD1, though the exact nature of their interaction is unclear. I undertook a genetic approach to examining the …
Will There Be Changes In Sexually Differentiated Behaviors In Mice Manipulated For The Sry Gene As They Mature Into Adultood?, Subin Joo
CMC Senior Theses
Sexually differentiated behavior has been shown to be affected by both genes and hormones. The discovery of the SRY gene, which codes for the development of testes, lead to the development of the Four Core Genotypes model of mice, and the separation of sex chromosomes and its resulting gonadal hormones. Using the FCG model, this study aims to look at the development of sexually differentiated behavior in mice, and track how it changes throughout their life. FCG mice will be divided into individual and social housing, and repeated experiments carried out to test their reaction to both intact female and …
Composition And Homology In The Taxonomic Classification Of Escherichia Coli, Tanya Irani
Composition And Homology In The Taxonomic Classification Of Escherichia Coli, Tanya Irani
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
As new techniques have been introduced, specifically the possibility of complete genome sequencing, better methods of defining bacterial species have also been proposed. One of the most recently proposed methods, using bioinformatic techniques, is to calculate the average nucleotide identity (ANI) between the homologous genome segments of different isolates. Another method for species discrimination that has been tested successfully is the similarity of DNA compositional signatures. However, in a recent update, DNA signatures split the available Escherichia coli complete genomes into three groups. To check if this result was consistent with such genomes belonging to different species, we tested methods …
Identifying Genes Downstream Of Mef2 That Influence Ethanol Sedation In Drosophila Melanogaster, Ananya Talikoti
Identifying Genes Downstream Of Mef2 That Influence Ethanol Sedation In Drosophila Melanogaster, Ananya Talikoti
Theses and Dissertations
Alcohol use disorder is a global public health issue that affects millions across the world. It can result in negative physical and mental health outcomes, and currently treatment options are limited and rates of relapse are high. Identifying genes that affect aspects of ethanol behaviors in model organisms, such as Drosophila melanogaster, can serve to eventually develop more robust therapeutic interventions for those experiencing alcohol dependence. Previous studies have identified a relationship between a person's initial sensitivity to alcohol and their abuse potential for the drug in later life. Therefore, we can study sedation behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster to …
Exploring The Genetic Variability Of Zebra Mussels Dreisenna Polymoprha, Maxwell Carr
Exploring The Genetic Variability Of Zebra Mussels Dreisenna Polymoprha, Maxwell Carr
Journal of Earth and Life Science
Zebra Mussels Dreisenna polymorpha are one of the most well-known invasive species here in the United States. This species can take over watersheds very quickly, causing damage to both the ecosystem and man-made structures. The basic physical behavior of this species has been well documented, but the invasive North American Zebra Mussel is much more aggressive and therefore causes more damage in the Great Lakes region compared to its native waters. Genetic variation may be playing a very large role in how and why D. polymorpha is causing such large problems for stakeholders in the United States. This review cites …
A Cophylogenetic Analysis Of Fungus Gardening Ants And Their Symbiotic Fungi, Katherine Beigel
A Cophylogenetic Analysis Of Fungus Gardening Ants And Their Symbiotic Fungi, Katherine Beigel
Biology Theses
Fungus-growing ants (Tribe Attini) and their fungal cultivars share a 50-million-year coevolutionary history. Large scale phylogenetic analyses depict a strong co-phyletic signal among ants and their farmed fungi yet fungus sharing among unrelated ant lineages is somewhat widespread. An overview of sharing has been hampered by a lack of genetic markers that exhibit intraspecific variation and surveys across geographic regions. For example, previous studies have shown similar sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of fungus in different species of Trachymyrmex, suggesting that these ant species are farming the same fungal clone. To examine whether this was a …
P53 Drives A Transcriptional Program That Elicits A Non-Cell-Autonomous Response And Alters Cell State In Vivo, Sydney Moyer
P53 Drives A Transcriptional Program That Elicits A Non-Cell-Autonomous Response And Alters Cell State In Vivo, Sydney Moyer
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Cell stress and DNA damage activate the tumor suppressor p53, triggering transcriptional activation of a myriad of target genes. The molecular, morphological, and physiological consequences of this activation remain poorly understood in vivo. We activated a p53 transcriptional program in mice by deletion of Mdm2, a gene which encodes the major p53 inhibitor. By overlaying tissue-specific RNA-sequencing data from pancreas, small intestine, ovary, kidney, and heart with existing p53 ChIP-sequencing, we identified a large repertoire of tissue-specific p53 genes and a common p53 transcriptional signature of seven genes which included Mdm2 but not p21. Global p53 activation …
Identification And Characterization Of Novel Genes And Genetic Interactions That Influence Iba Metabolism, Vanessica Jawahir
Identification And Characterization Of Novel Genes And Genetic Interactions That Influence Iba Metabolism, Vanessica Jawahir
Dissertations
Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is an endogenous storage auxin important for maintaining appropriate indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels that influences primary root elongation and lateral root development. IBA is metabolized into free IAA in the peroxisome in a multistep process similar to fatty acid β-oxidation. Although many components specific to IBA metabolism and peroxisome function have been identified, our understanding is incomplete. I sought to identify novel components of IBA metabolism or peroxisome function by conducting a forward genetic screen for Arabidopsis thaliana plants with enhanced resistance to IBA. I identified Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (LACS4) as a novel gene functioning …
Genetics Fall 2020 Infographics, Robyn Puffenbarger
Genetics Fall 2020 Infographics, Robyn Puffenbarger
Genetics Fall 2020
No abstract provided.
Integrate Structural Analysis, Isoform Diversity, And Interferon-Inductive Propensity Of Ace2 To Predict Sars-Cov2 Susceptibility In Vertebrates, Eric R. Sang, Yun Tian, Yuanying Gong, Laura C. Miller, Yongming Sang
Integrate Structural Analysis, Isoform Diversity, And Interferon-Inductive Propensity Of Ace2 To Predict Sars-Cov2 Susceptibility In Vertebrates, Eric R. Sang, Yun Tian, Yuanying Gong, Laura C. Miller, Yongming Sang
Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research
The current new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused globally over 0.4/6 million confirmed deaths/infected cases across more than 200 countries. As the etiological coronavirus (a.k.a. SARS-CoV2) may putatively have a bat origin, our understanding about its intermediate reservoir between bats and humans, especially its tropism in wild and domestic animals are mostly unknown. This constitutes major concerns in public health for the current pandemics and potential zoonosis. Previous reports using structural analysis of the viral spike protein (S) binding its cell receptor of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), indicate a broad potential of SARS-CoV2 susceptibility in wild and particularly domestic animals. …
The P-Glycoprotein Repertoire Of The Equine Parasitic Nematode Parascaris Univalens, Alexander P. Gerhard, Jürgen Krücken, Emanuel Heitlinger, I. Jana I. Janssen, Marta Basiaga, Sławomir Kornaś, Céline Beier, Martin K. Nielsen, Richard E. Davis, Jianbin Wang, Georg Von Samson-Himmelstjerna
The P-Glycoprotein Repertoire Of The Equine Parasitic Nematode Parascaris Univalens, Alexander P. Gerhard, Jürgen Krücken, Emanuel Heitlinger, I. Jana I. Janssen, Marta Basiaga, Sławomir Kornaś, Céline Beier, Martin K. Nielsen, Richard E. Davis, Jianbin Wang, Georg Von Samson-Himmelstjerna
Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications
P-glycoproteins (Pgp) have been proposed as contributors to the widespread macrocyclic lactone (ML) resistance in several nematode species including a major pathogen of foals, Parascaris univalens. Using new and available RNA-seq data, ten different genomic loci encoding Pgps were identified and characterized by transcriptome-guided RT-PCRs and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed an ascarid-specific Pgp lineage, Pgp-18, as well as two paralogues of Pgp-11 and Pgp-16. Comparative gene expression analyses in P. univalens and Caenorhabditis elegans show that the intestine is the major site of expression but individual gene expression patterns were not conserved between the two nematodes. In P. …
An Investigation Into Multi-View Error Correcting Output Code Classifiers Applied To Organ Tissue Classification, Daniel Alvarez
An Investigation Into Multi-View Error Correcting Output Code Classifiers Applied To Organ Tissue Classification, Daniel Alvarez
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Large amounts of data is being generated constantly each day, so much data that it is difficult to find patterns in order to predict outcomes and make decisions for both humans and machines alike. It would be useful if this data could be simplified using machine learning techniques. For example, biological cell identity is dependent on many factors tied to genetic processes. Such factors include proteins, gene transcription, and gene methylation. Each of these factors are highly complex mechanism with immense amounts of data. Simplifying these can then be helpful in finding patterns in them. Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) does …
Determining The Genetic Control Of Neural Tube Malformation Through Genetic Interactions With Idgf3, Elli N. Fox
Determining The Genetic Control Of Neural Tube Malformation Through Genetic Interactions With Idgf3, Elli N. Fox
Honors Projects
Genetic mutations disrupting human neural tube formation can lead to birth defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. Defects can result in lack of neural tube closure in either the caudal (spina bifida) or cranial (anencephaly) regions. Little is known about the genes that cause these malformations. Researchers have been using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster in an attempt to determine genes responsible for neural tube malformations. Recently, an ortholog of human chitin-like protein, imaginal disc growth factor 3 (Idgf3), has been identified as important in the proper formation of Drosophila egg dorsal appendages. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for …
Genetic Analysis Of Flower Color Differences Between A Hummingbird-Pollinated And A Self-Pollinated Monkeyflower (Mimulus) Species, Caitlin Foster
Genetic Analysis Of Flower Color Differences Between A Hummingbird-Pollinated And A Self-Pollinated Monkeyflower (Mimulus) Species, Caitlin Foster
University Scholar Projects
Flower color plays an important role in pollinator discrimination and speciation. Understanding the genetic contributions to flower color differences between two closely related species, Mimulus cardinalis and Mimulus parishii, can improve understanding of how they developed different pollination syndromes and diverged from a recent common ancestor. M. cardinalis is hummingbird-pollinated and has large, bright red flowers while M. parishii is self-pollinated and has small, pale pink flowers. An F2 hybrid population between these two species was created to establish a platform for analysis of the genetic architecture controlling the differences in anthocyanin pigmentation. Statistical analysis of anthocyanin concentration distribution …
Identifying Phenotypic Effects In Sporisorium Reilianum And Ustilago Maydis Lacking The Alternative Oxidase Gene., Caroline D. Culver
Identifying Phenotypic Effects In Sporisorium Reilianum And Ustilago Maydis Lacking The Alternative Oxidase Gene., Caroline D. Culver
College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses
Ustilago maydis and Sporisorium reilianum are both dimorphic fungi that cause infection in the host plant, corn (Zea mays). In order for infection to be successful, compatible haploid mating types must form a dikaryon that later leads to the development and dispersal of teliospores. In order to sustain growth, energy is produced via the electron transport chain within the mitochondrion. Host plants often produce harsh reactive oxygen species, resulting in the need to use an alternative respiration pathway such as employing an alternative oxidase. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the role of the aox gene in pathogenicity …
Evolutionary And Ecological Determinism Of Host Specificity In Arthropod Parasites, Joseph Levey
Evolutionary And Ecological Determinism Of Host Specificity In Arthropod Parasites, Joseph Levey
UCARE: Research Products
Understanding why some diseases infect more species than others is crucial for predicting where and when disease will spread, which can inform the management of wildlife, agriculture, and human health. Currently, large scale patterns of host-parasite dynamics are being studied to understand where to look for and how to manage emerging human diseases (Leroy 2005; Benelli 2018). Previous research has used the Global Mammal Parasite Database (GMPD) to look at host breadth—the number and diversity of species a pathogen can infect—for various groups of parasites, e.g. helminths, arthropods, fungi, etc., from a host-centric perspective (Stephens et al. 2017; Park et …
Genetic Studies Of Wildlife, Brittaney L. Buchanan
Genetic Studies Of Wildlife, Brittaney L. Buchanan
School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Genetic techniques are being more frequently used to understand the biology and management of wildlife species. The wild turkey is one species of genetic interest because the correct identification of individuals to the subspecies level is difficult using traditional methods. Currently phenotypic differences in plumage, especially the upper tail coverts, are used to assign individuals to subspecies. To hunters wanting to complete a “grand slam,” identification of birds’ subspecies is important. This study focuses on the five extant subspecies: Eastern (M. g. silvestris), Osceola (M. g. osceola), Rio Grande (M. g. intermedia), Merriam’s ( …
A Look At Gene Control: Tracking The Ccnd1 Gene, Bryan Anders
A Look At Gene Control: Tracking The Ccnd1 Gene, Bryan Anders
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Cancer occurs when the cell does not properly control its own cell cycle. It then replicates in an out of control fashion leading to the death of various organs and then the demise of the organism as a whole. As it seems to have always been a problem for cell-based life, certain safeguards against cancer have been evolved over time. One such method comes in the form of prevention via cyclin proteins, which are encoded from cyclin genes. The gene that is the focus of this research is the CCND1, or cyclin D1, gene that controls the progression through various …
Using Crispr-Cas9 As A Restriction Enzyme, Zack Crawley
Using Crispr-Cas9 As A Restriction Enzyme, Zack Crawley
Master's Theses
Restriction digests are a commonly utilized process for cleaving DNA at specific, but relatively common sites. Restriction enzymes have widespread use in DNA manipulation. CRISPR/Cas9 is a recently identified endonuclease which utilizes a customizable guide sequence to recognize and cut specific ~20 bp sites located in a DNA sequence. This preliminary research aimed to exploit the potential benefit of DNA restriction using the CRISPR/Cas9 procedure through alterations of different components involved in that system. We sought to refine existing CRISPR/Cas9 protocols and make a budget friendly, user-selectable CRISPR/Cas9 restriction digest protocol. The motivation for this research was to simplify and …
Current Dog Breeding Practices Impacts On Health And Preservation Of Purebred Dogs, Bridget E. Baker
Current Dog Breeding Practices Impacts On Health And Preservation Of Purebred Dogs, Bridget E. Baker
Honors Theses and Capstones
No abstract provided.
Addressing The Issue Of Missing Heritability: The Importance Of Apoptosis In Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer And Functional Assessment Of Tp53i3-S252*, Sophia Chaudhry
Wayne State University Dissertations
A quarter of all cases of ovarian cancer (OVCA) cases are due to inherited factors. However, much of the genetic risk remains unknown. We have previously established the importance of whole exome sequencing to answer the question for missing heritability. We identified clinically actionable and novel risk loci in the DNA repair and cell cycle regulation pathways by assessing a cohort of women diagnosed with OVCA, wildtype for BRCA1/BRCA2 and suspected to be hereditary due to family history of breast cancer/OVCA. Equally as important was the exploration and discovery of novel risk loci in the apoptosis pathway. A total of …
Optimization And Validation Of The Neurolux Wireless Optoelectronics System For Optogenetics, Karis Courey, Su Hyun Lee Ph.D., Adam Smith Ph.D., Nicholas Cilz Ph.D., Sarah K. Williams Avram Ph.D., Adi Cymerblit-Sabba Ph.D., June Song, Nicholas Leipzig Ph.D., W. Scott Young M.D., Ph.D.
Optimization And Validation Of The Neurolux Wireless Optoelectronics System For Optogenetics, Karis Courey, Su Hyun Lee Ph.D., Adam Smith Ph.D., Nicholas Cilz Ph.D., Sarah K. Williams Avram Ph.D., Adi Cymerblit-Sabba Ph.D., June Song, Nicholas Leipzig Ph.D., W. Scott Young M.D., Ph.D.
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Utilizing light and genetic engineering, optogenetics permits the manipulation of events within cells via light using the light-sensitive properties of single-component microbial opsins. Microbial opsins are activated by a light source, such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and incandescent sources that deliver light to the region of interest either directly or indirectly, such as through fiberoptics. In classical in vivo optogenetics, the wiring of optic fibers necessitates tethering of animals by the optic fiber to the light source. The novel NeuroLux wireless optoelectronic system for optogenetics circumvents issues pertaining to classical optogenetics by utilizing near-field power transfer via magnetic coil antennae …
The Effects Of Internal Physiology On Polyphenic Horn Development In The Dung Beetle Onthophagus Taurus, Naomi Garrett Williamson
The Effects Of Internal Physiology On Polyphenic Horn Development In The Dung Beetle Onthophagus Taurus, Naomi Garrett Williamson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
An organism’s phenotype can be affected in development by alterations to gene expression based on environmental inputs. Nutrition is one such environmental input and the central regulator of development of large horn or small horn phenotypes in the dung beetle species, Onthophagus taurus. However, little is known about the nature of chemical compounds that are critical to this plastic horn development. To better understand these compounds, we are utilizing an untargeted metabolomic approach as well as a targeted gene approach. Through the metabolomic approach, it was uncovered that environmental conditions tend to have a greater impact on metabolomic composition …
Genetics With Nettie And Friends: An Exploration Of Genetics In Children's Literature, Erin Soule, Madeleine Gray Burland
Genetics With Nettie And Friends: An Exploration Of Genetics In Children's Literature, Erin Soule, Madeleine Gray Burland
Honors Projects
Genetics with Nettie and Friends is an exploration of chromosomal disorders and its place within children's literature. The book provides a comprehensive examination the genetic composition of Downs syndrome, Williams Syndrome, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy at a level to increase understanding in children. This paper provides an insight to the development and construction of the children's book that is available for purchase on Barnes and Noble as well as why representation of genetic disorders in children's literature is needed.
Investigating Growth Performance And Intestinal Barrier Integrity In Heat-Stressed Modern Broilers And Their Ancestor Jungle Fowl, Travis Tabler
Investigating Growth Performance And Intestinal Barrier Integrity In Heat-Stressed Modern Broilers And Their Ancestor Jungle Fowl, Travis Tabler
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Heat stress (HS) has a negative effect on poultry production sustainability due to its adverse consequence on bird welfare, health, growth, and mortality. Although modern broilers have greater gut mass and higher energy use efficiency than unselected birds, they are more vulnerable to HS that induces “leaky gut syndrome,” or increased intestinal permeability. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of HS on growth performance and gut barrier integrity in three modern broiler lines and their ancestor the Jungle Fowl. Four chicken populations including Giant Jungle Fowl (JF), Athens Canadian Random Bred (ACRB), 1995 Arkansas Random …
Chasing The Genetics Of Ascites In Broilers Using Whole Genome Resequencing, Alia Parveen
Chasing The Genetics Of Ascites In Broilers Using Whole Genome Resequencing, Alia Parveen
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
We are using whole genome resequencing to identify chromosomal regions associated with resistance or susceptibility to ascites, a form of pulmonary hypertension syndrome, meat-type chickens. Previous Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) have identified regions on chromosomes 2, 9 and Z. Despite several GWAS and further genotyping, there are no reliable or potential markers for ascites phenotype. We have completed screening of Copy Number Variations (CNVs) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in ascites resistant and susceptible birds from the relaxed, REL, line derived from a commercial elite broiler line. DNA samples from resistant and susceptible birds …
The Effects Of Foot And Udder Scoring On Cow And Calf Performance, Clayton Lee Mcguire
The Effects Of Foot And Udder Scoring On Cow And Calf Performance, Clayton Lee Mcguire
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Foot soundness and udder conformation are essential for longevity in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of foot angle (FA), claw set (CS), teat size (TS) and udder suspension (US) scores on cowherd performance. Data were analyzed for 1,685 observations on Angus-based cows over a four-year period. At weaning FA, CS, TS, and US were evaluated. Scores are based on nine-point scales. A score of one indicates straight pasterns, divergent toes, enlarged bottle shaped teats, and absence of a median suspensory ligament; nine indicates weak pasterns, curled toes, small symmetrical teats, and a tight …
Genetic Crosstalk And Its Effects On Virulence And Mating In Ustilago Maydis., John S. Desmarais
Genetic Crosstalk And Its Effects On Virulence And Mating In Ustilago Maydis., John S. Desmarais
College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses
Ustilago maydis is a model organism for study of fungal mating and host infection. Two compatible haploid mating types must mate to form a dikaryon in order for the fungus to infect its host, corn (Zea mays). There are a variety of genetic mechanisms that regulate mating and infection in the fungus, many of which coregulate both processes. The aim of this study was to investigate how alteration of certain regulatory proteins in U. maydis affects these basic processes as well as how alteration of genes involved in signaling pathways can affect the expression of one another. Primarily, …
What Can We Do? Puzzling Over The Interpretation Of Heredity And Variation From Galton To Genetic Engineering, Peter J. Taylor
What Can We Do? Puzzling Over The Interpretation Of Heredity And Variation From Galton To Genetic Engineering, Peter J. Taylor
Working Papers on Science in a Changing World
First six chapters of a book motivated as follows: When I had mentioned to colleagues that I was exploring some significant issues overlooked by both sides in nature-nurture debates, the typical response was “we know, of course, that nature and nurture are intertwined”; they never asked “which nature-nurture science are you referring to?” It occurred to me that, in the long history of nature-nurture debates, opposing sides had always assumed or implied that these different scientific approaches were speaking to the same issues. If that were the case, then the challenge—something I was already puzzling over—was how best to draw …
Using Genetic Diversity To Understand Susceptibility To Cognitive Decline In Aging And Alzheimer’S Disease, Sarah M. Neuner
Using Genetic Diversity To Understand Susceptibility To Cognitive Decline In Aging And Alzheimer’S Disease, Sarah M. Neuner
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
An individual's genetic makeup plays an important role in determining susceptibility to cognitive aging and transition to dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Identifying the specific genetic variants that contribute to cognitive aging and AD may aid in early diagnosis of at-risk patients, as well as identify novel therapeutics targets to treat or prevent development of symptoms. Challenges to identifying these specific genes in human studies include complex genetics, difficulty in controlling environmental factors, and limited access to human brain tissue. Here, we turned to genetically diverse mice from the BXD genetic reference panel (GRP) to overcome some of the …