Genetics and Genomics Commons^™

Use Of Monolploid Solanum Phureja In Cell And Tissue Culture Techniques For Potato Improvement, Henry R. Owen

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Monoploid genotypes (2n = x = 12), derived by anther culture of a diplandrous genotype of Solanum phureja, a South-American diploid potato species, were examined for their utility in germplasm development.

Nine monoploid genotypes and the diploid anther-donor plant were grown in photoperiod chambers at The Southeastern Plant Environment Laboratories (SEPEL) at North Carolina State University to examine the effect of photoperiod on tuber yield and to determine the variability for critical photoperiod for tuberization. Significant differences were found among the monoploid genotypes for total tuber weight and tuber number. Longer photoperiod treatments both decreased and delayed tuberization. Axillary tuber …

Taxonomic Reevaluation Of Thamnophis Couchii (Serpentes: Colubridae), Douglas A. Rossman, Glenn R. Stewart

Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University

No abstract provided.

A Novel Form Of Human Polymorphism Involving The Hdhfr-Ψ1 Pseudogene Identifies Three Rflps, Nicholas P. Anagnou, S. E. Antonarakis, Stephen J. O'Brien, Arthur W. Nienhuis

Biology Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Karyotypic Analysis Of Five Rodents And A Marsupial From Belize, Central America, David W. Burton, John W. Bickham, Hugh H. Genoways, Timothy J. Mccarthy

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Karyotypes and chromosomal banding patterns of six species of small mammals from Belize are presented and discussed in light of relevant data in the literature. Individuals of Heteromys desmarestianus had FN values of 72, which differs from previous reports. G-bands were obtained and compared to fluorescent bands (DAPI) and with the location of NOR sites. The karyotypes of Peromyscus mexicanus, Sigmodon hispidus, Oryzomys couesi, and Ototylomys phyllotis are identical to the karyotypes for these species described in the literature. Active NORs were located on four pairs of chromosomes in O. phyllotis and fluorescent bands obtained with the …

An Improved Method For Transferring Nucleic Acids To Nylon Membranes, Bruce D. Parker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Methods currently in use for the separation and identification of specific segments of nucleic acids involve long transfer periods or elaborate apparatuses and result in the production of a single blot. Contamination by organisms or enzymes is always a factor to be dealt with. An improved method for transferring nucleic acids from acrylamide or agarose gels for use in hybridization has been developed. This method uses NaOH as the blotting medium to improve the rate and efficiency of transfer to nylon membranes. As many as six blots can be obtained within one hour using this method. This method is effective …

A New Moderately Repetitive Dna Sequence Family Of Novel Organization, Neal D. Epstein, S. Karlsson, Stephen J. O'Brien, William S. Modi, A. Moulton, Arthur W. Nienhuis

Biology Faculty Articles

In cloning adenovirus homologous sequences, from a human cosmid library, we identified a moderately repetitive DNA sequence family consisting of tandem arrays of 2.5 kb members. A member was sequenced and several non-adjacent, 15–20 bp G-C rich segments with homology to the left side of adenovirus were discovered. The copy number of 400 members is highly conserved among humans. Southern blots of partial digests of human DNA have verified the tandem array of the sequence family. The chromosomal location was defined by somatic cell genetics and in situ hybridization. Tandem arrays are found only on chromosomes 4 (4q31) and 19 …

Photoreactivation Of Lethal Damage Induced In Hamster X Xenopus Hybrid Cells And Their Parentals By Uv Light, David Bohlender, Stuart Williams, Emir Cruz, H. Gaston Griggs

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A85 Xenopus cells that exhibited a high level of photoreactivation (PR) and V79B2 hamster cells that exhibited little PR were fused to produce the V79B2 x A85 cell line — a hybrid line which possessed a relatively stable karyotype, with most cells containing the entire V79B2 and A85 genomes. UV and UV plus PR fluence-survival relations were then determined and compared for the hybrid and parental lines in a first attempt to elucidate interactions of the parental PR mechanisms in the hybrid. It was anticipated that the A85 genome in the hybrid would produce PR enzyme in sufficient concentration and …

Herd Improvement Service Forges Ahead, M P. Bond

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Since its establishment three years ago, the Herd Improvement Service has steadily expanded the range of services provided to Western Australian livestock producers. The genetic advancement and improved hers management offered by the service give farmers the ability to use modern technology in the most cost-effective way. There is an increasing realisation amongst farmers that to survive and remain competitive, it is worthwhile to invest in such technology.

The Herd Improvement Service is a statutory corporation which was formed to improve the productivity of the State's livestock enterprises. Most of the organisation's activities have been directed to servicing the dairy …

The Awassi Fat Tail Sheep Project, R J. Lightfoot

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Australia's first Awassi fat tail lambs arrived at Kununurra in January 1987, completing the first major step in an ambitious project to establish a fat tail sheep breeding industry in this country.

Fat tail sheep bred in the Middle East attract much higher prices than merino wethers imported from Australia. The question to be resolved through our product development and market research is what premiums will Middle Eastern buyers pay for fat tail sheep bred in Australia and exported to the region.

The Department of Agriculture believes that there is potential for Sustralian producers to enter these new markets without …

Variant Forms Of Ataxia Telangiectasia, A. M. R. Taylor, E. Flude, B. Laher, Michael W. Stacey, E. Mckay, J. Watt, S. H. Greens, A. E. Harding

Bioelectrics Publications

Two ataxia telangiectasia patients with unusual clinical and cellular features are described. Cultured fibroblasts and PHA stimulated lymphocytes from these two patients showed a smaller increase of radiosensitivity than cells from other A-T patients, as measured by colony forming ability or induced chromosome damage respectively, after exposure to ionising radiation. The response of DNA synthesis to irradiation of these cells was, however, the same as for other A-T patients. Cells from a third patient with some clinical features of A-T but with a very protracted course also showed low levels of radiation induced chromosome damage, but colony forming ability and …

Characteristics Of Successful Competitors: An Evaluation Of Potential Growth Rate In Two Cold Desert Tussock Grasses, Eissenstat D. M., Caldwell M. M.

Aspen Bibliography

Within the first few weeks after seedling emergence, Agropyron desertorum, a more competitive tussock grass, had a much higher mean relative growth rate (RGR) than Agropyron spicatum, a very similar, but less competitive species. However, beyond the early seedling stage, the two grasses had a remarkably similar whole-plant RGR in hydroponic culture and aboveground RGR in glasshouse soil, if root temperatures were above approximately 12° C. At soil temperatures between 5 and 12° C, A. desertorum exhibited a 66% greater aboveground RGR than A. spicatum (P < 0.05). Both species responded similarly to warming soil temperatures. In the field, however, tiller growth rates were generally similar. Neither species showed marked tiller elongation until a couple of weeks after snowmelt, by which time soil temperatures, at least to a depth of 10 cm, were above 12° C for a significant portion of the day. Above-ground biomass accumulation over a three-year period indicated that both grasses had similar potential growth rates whereas Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana, a common neighbor planted in the same plots, had a much greater potential growth rate. The greater competitive ability of adult A. desertorum, as compared to A. spicatum, cannot be attributed to appreciable differences in potential growth rates.

Early Events In B-Cell Activation: Anti-Lyb2, But Not Bsf-1, Induces A Phosphatidylinositol Response In Murine B Cells, Stephan A. Grupp, Judith A. K. Harmony, Arthur R. Baluyut, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Previous studies have indicated that the murine surface antigen Lyb2 is involved in an activation pathway that apparently does not involve the surface immunoglobulin receptor. As sIg has been shown to transduce its activation signal through the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol (PI), and since activation via Lyb2 does not involve sIg, it was of interest to determine if binding to Lyb2 generates a PI response. We have demonstrated that an allele-specific monoclonal antibody to Lyb2 (anti-Lyb2 mab), which has previously been shown to drive B cells into S, also activated PI metabolism in these cells. This activation occurred in a dose-dependent …

Molecular Cloning Of Spinach Chloroplast Dna Isolated By Alkaline Lysis, Robert Gray Drager

Dissertations and Theses

Chloroplast genomes of land plants show conservation of structure and gene arrangement. The spinach chloroplast genome is comprised of a covalently closed. circular DNA molecule of 150 kilobases and is typical of these plants. Approximately 20% of the proteins found in the spinach chloroplast are encoded by the chloroplast genome and translated on chloroplast ribosomes. The remainder are encoded on chromosomes in the nucleus, translated on cytoplasmic ribosomes and transported into the chloroplast.

Spinach chloroplast DNA was isolated from crude 2 chloroplast preparations by a new method. Chloroplasts were lysed with alkaline sodium dodecyl sulfate, contaminating macromolecules precipitated with acidified …

The Homeo Domain Of A Murine Protein Binds 5' To Its Own Homeo Box., Abraham Fainsod, Leonard D. Bogarad, Tarmo Ruusala, Martin Lubin

Dartmouth Scholarship

Nuclear protein extracts from day 12.5 mouse embryos were used to study protein binding to DNA sequences 5' of the Hox 1.5 homeo box. Embryos of this developmental stage are known to express this gene. DNA binding protein blotting and retardation gel techniques show that murine embryonic nuclear proteins specifically bind a 753-base pair (bp) DNA fragment from the region upstream of the Hox 1.5 homeo box. A fusion protein containing the Hox 1.5 homeo domain constructed in lambda gt11 also binds the same 753-bp DNA fragment. Specific binding of the fusion protein to the upstream DNA fragment shows that …

Barbara Sanford Oral History, Barbara Sanford

Oral History Collection

Susan Mehrtens' Note:

Barbara Sanford's interview echoes most of what I have heard from many of the staff regarding the Lab's mission and goals. The Lab's ideal size, geographical location--with its pluses and minuses--and the environment in which to do science in the current period--all find echoes on other tapes. There is little of candor, consequence or calculation here. Sanford clearly recognizes the stressful nature of scientific life in these times of federal cutbacks, and, as well, the frustrations of directing a laboratory whose size, complexity and needs preclude personal scientific work by the Director. In the face of such …

Donald Bailey Oral History, Donald Bailey

Oral History Collection

Susan Metrhens' Note:

Regarded by many of his peers at Jax as one of the most intuitive, prescient and creative scientists at the Lab, Bailey was a very reflective narrator. While he provides one anecdote of c.c. Little1s sartorial habits, this tape is largely devoid of anecdotal material, and is more a reminiscence by a scientist who was at Jax in the early '50's, who left and returned in 1967. I tried, through a variety of questions, to probe the synergy between Bailey and the Lab, the degree to which his prescience and creativity might be due to the freedom …

Priscilla "Skippy" Lane Oral History, Skippy Lane

Oral History Collection

Susan Mehrtens' Note:

We have in this tape the recollections of one of the most prolific authors in the field of mouse mutants, an indefatigable co-worker of Margaret Dickey, Margaret Green and currently, Muriel Davison. Full of scientific terms, this tape reveals clearly Lane's thorough absorption in the field to which she has devoted nearly the last forty years of her life. Toward the end of this tape, Lane alludes to Earl Green's sexist attitude, which other women have also mentioned to me on and off tape. Lane also waxes eloquently here about her efforts to establish a hiera'rchy within …

Sequence Alignment With Matched Sections, Jerrold R. Griggs, Philip J. Hanlon, Michael S. Waterman

Faculty Publications

In molecular biology, two finite sequences are compared by displaying one sequence written over another in an alignment. The number of alignments of two sequences is related to the Stanton-Cowan numbers. This paper gives asymptotics for the number of alignments of two sequences of length n with matching sections of size at least b.

Genetic Characterization Of Human C-Rel Sequences, Elise Brownell, Stephen J. O'Brien, William Nash, Nancy Rice

Biology Faculty Articles

We isolated and sequenced a human genomic-DNA segment that is homologous to a portion of v-rel, the transforming gene of reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain T). We also localized the human rel sequences to human chromosome 2 by screening a panel of rodent x human somatic-cell hybrids with the newly described human rel segment.

Thomas Roderick Oral History, Thomas Roderick

Oral History Collection

Susan Metrhens' Note:

Roderick has been a scientist at Jax for thirty years, working in no other place. He was hired just as Earl Green replaced C.C. Little and Roderick worked with and for Green for some dozen years before moving into his own lab, on his own grants. Roderick is both perceptive and analytical and this tape is valuable for his willingness to reflect on trends and personalities. He also has a philosopher's willingness to consider the values that drive the lab. Roderick was forthcoming with anecdotes, including a most telling one of Rich Prehn showing the courage of …

Amplification And Chromosomal Dispersion Of Human Endogenous Retroviral Sequences, Paul E. Steele, Malcolm A. Martin, Arnold B. Rabson, Theodore Bryan, Stephen J. O'Brien

Biology Faculty Articles

Endogenous retroviral sequences in humans have undergone amplification events involving both viral and flanking cellular sequences. We cloned members of an amplified family of full-length endogenous retroviral sequences. Genomic blotting, employing a flanking cellular DNA probe derived from a member of this family, revealed a similar array of reactive bands in both humans and chimpanzees, indicating that an amplification event involving retroviral and associated cellular DNA sequences occurred before the evolutionary separation of these two primates. Southern analyses of restricted somatic cell hybrid DNA preparations suggested that endogenous retroviral segments are widely dispersed in the human genome and that amplification …

Comparison Of Electron And Light Microscopy Of Chromosome Aberration Induced In Human Lymphocytes By Adriamycin And Mitomycin C, Abbas Parsian

Dissertations

The present study was designed to develop a technique to prepare human chromosomes for sequential light and electron microscopic observation and to compare detectability of chromosome aberrations induced by adriamycin and mitomycin C by the two procedures. The technique developed preserved the morphological and structural organization of chromosome while allowing observation of the cell's entire chromosome complement. It was rapid and reproducible and chromosomes could be treated and stained for banding.

Light microscopic data showed that in cultures of human lymphocytes both drugs induce chromosome aberrations. In comparison with controls both drugs produced significantly more chromosome and chromatid fragments. Electron …

Systematics And Redescription Of The Blackside Darter, Percina Maculata (Girard), Eugene C. Beckham, Iii

Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University

No abstract provided.

Joan Staats Oral History, Joan Staats

Personal Papers Collection

No abstract provided.

Restriction Analysis Of Bacteriophage, Ali Reza Mostaghimi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A restriction map of DNA from bacteriophage P3-C₁ for the endonucleases BamH I, Bgl II, EcoR I, Hind III, Sac I and Sca I is described in this study. The phage DNA was determined to be a linear double stranded molecule with a unit genomic length of 31 kb. After electrophoresis in 0.5% agarose gels, the undigested DNA appeared as three molecules of 31, 62 and 93 kb in length. The Hind III digestion pattern of the individual 31 kb molecule was identical to the 62 kb and 93 kb Hind III pattern. With all enzymes except Hind III, …

The Effects Of Strain Differences On The Binding Of Concavalian A To Mouse Sperm, Lisa A. Mckay

Honors Theses

The current study, lectins were used as genetic probes to determine the phenotype of the sperm from different strains of mice. Lectins are proteins of non-immune origin, which bind to specific carbohydrates (McCoy, 1986). Being that virtually all cell membranes contain carbohydrate components, lectins have been used to identify all types of cells. In this study, a biotinylated lectin Concavalian A (Con A) derived from Canavalia ensiformis, was used and binding was detected using an avidin-biotin peroxidase (ABP) complex technique. The object of the current research was to 1) determine if mouse strain differences have an effect on lectin binding, …

The Recombinant Dna Controversy: A Contemporary Cautionary Tale, Nina V. Fedoroff

Syracuse Scholar (1979-1991)

A discussion of the scientific and political aspects of recombinant DNA research.

Strain Differences And Mutagen Treatment Influence Lectin Binding To Mouse Germ Cells, Marilyn Schmalz Holm

Masters Theses

Carbohydrate moieties on mouse germ cell surfaces were characterized by investigating the binding of FITC-labeled lectins to sperm and testis cells. Differences in lectin binding between different mouse strains, including T/t mice, were found. However, there was no evidence for the involvement of sialic acid or L-fucose in the T/t locus antigens. Antiserum to the t⁰, t⁶ haplotype was equally reactive to both ICR and T/t mouse testis cells in both immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity assays. Trypsinization of testis cells increased binding of soybean agglutinin and decreased binding of wheat germ agglutinin.

A method was developed for flow …

Conserved Chromosomal Positions Of Dual Domains Of The Ets Protooncogene In Cats, Mice, And Humans, Dennis K. Watson, Mary J. Mcwilliams-Smith, Christine Kozak, Roger Reeves, John Gearheart, Michael F. Nunn, William Nash, John R. Fowle Iii, Peter Duesberg, Takis S. Papas, Stephen J. O'Brien

Biology Faculty Articles

The mammalian protooncogene homologue of the avian v-ets sequence from the E26 retrovirus consists of two sequentially distinct domains located on different chromosomes. Using somatic cell hybrid panels, we have mapped the mammalian homologue of the 5' v-ets-domain to chromosome 11 (ETS1) in man, to chromosome 9 (Ets-1) in mouse, and to chromosome D1 (ETS1) in the domestic cat. The mammalian homologue of the 3' v-ets domain was similarly mapped to human chromosome 21 (ETS2), to mouse chromosome 16 (Ets-2), and to feline chromosome C2 (ETS2). …

Relationships Among Aspen, Fungi, And Ungulate Browsing In Colorado And Wyoming, John H. Hart

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.