Genetics and Genomics Commons^™

Leveraging Pleiotropy To Discover And Interpret Gwas Results For Sleep-Associated Traits, Sung Chun, Sebastian Akle, Athanasios Teodosiadis, Brian E Cade, Heming Wang, Tamar Sofer, Daniel S Evans, Katie L Stone, Sina A Gharib, Sutapa Mukherjee, Lyle J Palmer, David Hillman, Jerome I Rotter, Craig L Hanis, John A Stamatoyannopoulos, Susan Redline, Chris Cotsapas, Shamil R Sunyaev

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Genetic association studies of many heritable traits resulting from physiological testing often have modest sample sizes due to the cost and burden of the required phenotyping. This reduces statistical power and limits discovery of multiple genetic associations. We present a strategy to leverage pleiotropy between traits to both discover new loci and to provide mechanistic hypotheses of the underlying pathophysiology. Specifically, we combine a colocalization test with a locus-level test of pleiotropy. In simulations, we show that this approach is highly selective for identifying true pleiotropy driven by the same causative variant, thereby improves the chance to replicate the associations …

Further Evidence That Arih1 Rare Variants Predispose To Thoracic Aortic Disease, Maura L Boerio, Nicole M Engelhardt, Sanmati Cuddapah, Jessica I Gold, Isabella C Marin, Amélie Pinard, Dongchuan Guo, Siddharth K Prakash, Dianna M Milewicz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Large Genomes Assembly Using Mapreduce Framework, Yuehua Zhang

All Dissertations

Knowing the genome sequence of an organism is the essential step toward understanding its genomic and genetic characteristics. Currently, whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing is the most widely used genome sequencing technique to determine the entire DNA sequence of an organism. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have enabled biologists to generate large DNA sequences in a high-throughput and low-cost way. However, the assembly of NGS reads faces significant challenges due to short reads and an enormously high volume of data. Despite recent progress in genome assembly, current NGS assemblers cannot generate high-quality results or efficiently handle large genomes …

Tceal1 Loss-Of-Function Results In An X-Linked Dominant Neurodevelopmental Syndrome And Drives The Neurological Disease Trait In Xq222 Deletions, Hadia Hijazi, Linda M Reis, Davut Pehlivan, Jonathan A Bernstein, Michael Muriello, Erin Syverson, Devon Bonner, Mehrdad A Estiar, Ziv Gan-Or, Guy A Rouleau, Ekaterina Lyulcheva, Lynn Greenhalgh, Marine Tessarech, Estelle Colin, Agnès Guichet, Dominique Bonneau, R H Van Jaarsveld, A M A Lachmeijer, Lyse Ruaud, Jonathan Levy, Anne-Claude Tabet, Rafal Ploski, Małgorzata Rydzanicz, Łukasz Kępczyński, Katarzyna Połatyńska, Yidan Li, Jawid M Fatih, Dana Marafi, Jill A Rosenfeld, Zeynep Coban-Akdemir, Weimin Bi, Richard A Gibbs, Grace M Hobson, Jill V Hunter, Claudia M B Carvalho, Jennifer E Posey, Elena V Semina, James R Lupski

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

An Xq22.2 region upstream of PLP1 has been proposed to underly a neurological disease trait when deleted in 46,XX females. Deletion mapping revealed that heterozygous deletions encompassing the smallest region of overlap (SRO) spanning six Xq22.2 genes (BEX3, RAB40A, TCEAL4, TCEAL3, TCEAL1, and MORF4L2) associate with an early-onset neurological disease trait (EONDT) consisting of hypotonia, intellectual disability, neurobehavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic facial features. None of the genes within the SRO have been associated with monogenic disease in OMIM. Through local and international collaborations facilitated by GeneMatcher and Matchmaker Exchange, we have identified and herein report seven de novo variants involving …

A Framework For Detecting Noncoding Rare-Variant Associations Of Large-Scale Whole-Genome Sequencing Studies, Zilin Li, Xihao Li, Hufeng Zhou, Sheila M Gaynor, Margaret Sunitha Selvaraj, Theodore Arapoglou, Corbin Quick, Yaowu Liu, Han Chen, Ryan Sun, Rounak Dey, Donna K Arnett, Paul L Auer, Lawrence F Bielak, Joshua C Bis, Thomas W Blackwell, John Blangero, Eric Boerwinkle, Donald W Bowden, Jennifer A Brody, Brian E Cade, Matthew P Conomos, Adolfo Correa, L Adrienne Cupples, Joanne E Curran, Paul S De Vries, Ravindranath Duggirala, Nora Franceschini, Barry I Freedman, Harald H H Göring, Xiuqing Guo, Rita R Kalyani, Charles Kooperberg, Brian G Kral, Leslie A Lange, Bridget M Lin, Ani Manichaikul, Alisa K Manning, Lisa W Martin, Rasika A Mathias, James B Meigs, Braxton D Mitchell, May E Montasser, Alanna C Morrison, Take Naseri, Jeffrey R O'Connell, Nicholette D Palmer, Patricia A Peyser, Bruce M Psaty, Laura M Raffield, Susan Redline, Alexander P Reiner, Muagututi'a Sefuiva Reupena, Kenneth M Rice, Stephen S Rich, Jennifer A Smith, Kent D Taylor, Margaret A Taub, Ramachandran S Vasan, Daniel E Weeks, James G Wilson, Lisa R Yanek, Wei Zhao, Jerome I Rotter, Cristen J Willer, Pradeep Natarajan, Gina M Peloso, Xihong Lin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies have enabled analysis of noncoding rare-variant (RV) associations with complex human diseases and traits. Variant-set analysis is a powerful approach to study RV association. However, existing methods have limited ability in analyzing the noncoding genome. We propose a computationally efficient and robust noncoding RV association detection framework, STAARpipeline, to automatically annotate a whole-genome sequencing study and perform flexible noncoding RV association analysis, including gene-centric analysis and fixed window-based and dynamic window-based non-gene-centric analysis by incorporating variant functional annotations. In gene-centric analysis, STAARpipeline uses STAAR to group noncoding variants based on functional categories of genes and incorporate …

The Effect Of Spirulina Platensis Algae Inclusion In Feed Of Commercial Broilers Subjected To Cyclic Heat Stress, Kirsten Shafer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The effect of Spirulina platensis inclusion in feed of commercial broilers was evaluated over one experiment. The study aimed to investigate the effects of Spirulina platensis freshwater algae inclusion on live performance and processing characteristics of commercial broilers subjected to daily cyclic heat stress. Day old Ross 708 male broilers were placed into 8 environmentally controlled chambers. At d 21, four chambers remained on a control diet containing no algae (CON) while 4 chambers received a diet that included algae at an inclusion rate of 2.5% (ALG). An 8 hour daily cyclic heat stress (24°C to 36°C) was applied to …

A Common Mechanism Links Epstein‐Barr Virus Infections And Autoimmune Diseases, Luwen Zhang

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with a variety of the autoimmune diseases. There is apparently no unified model for the role of EBV in autoimmune diseases. In this article, the development of autoimmune diseases is proposed as a simple two‐step process: specific autoimmune initiators may cause irreversible changes to genetic materials that increase autoimmune risks, and autoimmune promoters promote autoimmune disease formation once cells are susceptible to autoimmunity. EBV has several types of latencies including type III latency with higher proliferation potential. EBV could serve as autoimmune initiators for some autoimmune diseases. At the same time, EBV may play …

Evaluation Of The Effects Of Pine-Sourced Biochar On Cattle Performance And Methane And Carbon Dioxide Production From Growing And Finishing Steers, J. L. Sperber, B. C. Troyer, Galen E. Erickson, Andrea K. Watson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A feedlot growing (77-d) and finishing (111-d) experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding biochar on steer performance, methane and carbon dioxide emissions, and carcass characteristics. Two treatments were evaluated, a control diet without biochar and the same diet with biochar included at 0.8% of dietary DM (growing) or 1.0% of dietary DM (finishing). The growing diet consisted of 40% corn silage, 40% wheat straw, 15% modified distillers grains plus solubles, and 5% supplement, with 0.8% biochar replacing fine ground corn in supplement. The finishing diet consisted of 55% high-moisture corn (HMC), 35% Sweet Bran, 5% wheat straw, …

Comparative Metabolites Profiling Of Sesamum Indicum Seeds In Context Of Their Origin, Processing And Biological Activity Using Bioinformatics Tools, Bishoy Fayez Abib

Theses and Dissertations

Sesame (Sesamum indicum), is a significant oilseed crop with great economical and nutritional value, encompassing a plethora of primary and secondary metabolites that exhibit pharmacological and therapeutic merits. The present study, using untargeted comparative metabolomics, aims to authenticate and classify sesame seed accessions from different countries of origin i.e., Egypt, Sudan and Nigeria, based on their metabolite variations and in relation to their biological activity and nutritional value such as mineral content. Also, to further assess the impact of processing on sesame’s nutritional value and biological activity using the industrial production of sesame paste as a case study. To achieve …

Defining The Role Of Core Histones In Cellular Quiescence, Eric M. Small

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Quiescence is a distinct cell cycle phase, termed G0, in which growth, transcriptional and translational activity, and replication are halted. Importantly, quiescent cells are viable and can return to the cell cycle. Quiescence is a feature of all organisms and a key hallmark of stem cells; however, the regulation of quiescence is still poorly understood.

Prior studies have implicated chromatin in the regulation of quiescence. In aim 1 I conducted a comprehensive screen of H3 and H4 histone mutants to identify chromatin features that may affect quiescence. I identified several histone residues implicated in transcriptional regulation that altered quiescence and …

Assessment Of United States Department Of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service Humane Handling Enforcement Actions: 2018–2020, Karly N. Anderson, Ashlynn A. Kirk, Kurt D. Vogel

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Federally inspected slaughter establishments in the United States must adhere to the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act and regulations that enforce it. Failure to comply with this law results in a Humane Handling Enforcement Action (HHEA) issued by the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service (USDA FSIS). The objective of this study was to systematically analyze and describe HHEAs issued between 2018 and 2020. Enforcement action notification letters were accessed from the USDA FSIS website and date, location, regulatory action, reason for noncompliance, species, and follow up action for each HHEA was recorded. …

Assessment Of United States Department Of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service Humane Handling Enforcement Actions: 2018–2020, Karly N. Anderson, Ashlynn A. Kirk, Kurt D. Vogel

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Federally inspected slaughter establishments in the United States must adhere to the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act and regulations that enforce it. Failure to comply with this law results in a Humane Handling Enforcement Action (HHEA) issued by the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service (USDA FSIS). The objective of this study was to systematically analyze and describe HHEAs issued between 2018 and 2020. Enforcement action notification letters were accessed from the USDA FSIS website and date, location, regulatory action, reason for noncompliance, species, and follow up action for each HHEA was recorded. …

Amplification Of The Plag-Family Genes-Plagl1 And Plagl2-Is A Key Feature Of The Novel Tumor Type Cns Embryonal Tumor With Plagl Amplification, Michaela-Kristina Keck, Martin Sill, Andrea Wittmann, Piyush Joshi, Damian Stichel, Pengbo Beck, Konstantin Okonechnikow, Philipp Sievers, Annika K. Wefers, Nasir Uddin

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the most common cause of cancer-related death in children aged 0-14 years. They differ from their adult counterparts, showing extensive clinical and molecular heterogeneity as well as a challenging histopathological spectrum that often impairs accurate diagnosis. Here, we use DNA methylation-based CNS tumor classification in combination with copy number, RNA-seq, and ChIP-seq analysis to characterize a newly identified CNS tumor type. In addition, we report histology, patient characteristics, and survival data in this tumor type. We describe a biologically distinct pediatric CNS tumor type (n = 31 cases) that is characterized by focal …

Epidemiological Aspects Of Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Myeloencephalopathy (Ehm) Outbreaks, Eva Klouth, Yury Zablotski, Jessica L. Petersen, Marco De Bruijin, Gittan Gröndahl, Susanne Müller, Lutz S. Goehring

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

: Equid Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is a multifactorial disease following an EHV-1 infection in Equidae. We investigated a total of 589 horses on 13 premises in Europe in search of risk factors for the development of EHM. We found that fever (p < 0.001), increasing age (p = 0.032), and female sex (p = 0.042) were risk factors for EHM in a logistic mixed model. Some breeds had a decreased risk to develop EHM compared to others (Shetland and Welsh ponies; p = 0.017; p = 0.031), and fewer EHV-1-vaccinated horses were affected by EHM compared to unvaccinated horses (p = …

Il-33 Promotes Increased Replication Of Theiler’S Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus In Raw264.7 Macrophage Cells With An Irf3-Dependent Response, Ahmed Esmael, Thomas M. Petro

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Interleukin-33 (IL-33), which promotes M2 macrophage development, may influence the control of viruses, such as Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV) that infect macrophages. Because Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 (IRF3) is also critical to control of TMEV infection in macrophages, information on the relationship between IL-33 and IRF3 is important. Thus, RAW264.7 Lucia murine macrophage lineage cells with an endogenous IRF3-ISRE promoter driving secreted luciferase and IRF3KO RAW Lucia, a subline deficient in IRF3, were challenged with TMEV. After the challenge, considerable TMEV RNA detected at 18 and 24 h in RAW cells was significantly elevated in IRF3KO RAW cells. TMEV induction …

Privacy-Aware Estimation Of Relatedness In Admixed Populations, Su Wang, Miran Kim, Wentao Li, Xiaoqian Jiang, Han Chen, Arif Harmanci

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Estimation of genetic relatedness, or kinship, is used occasionally for recreational purposes and in forensic applications. While numerous methods were developed to estimate kinship, they suffer from high computational requirements and often make an untenable assumption of homogeneous population ancestry of the samples. Moreover, genetic privacy is generally overlooked in the usage of kinship estimation methods. There can be ethical concerns about finding unknown familial relationships in third-party databases. Similar ethical concerns may arise while estimating and reporting sensitive population-level statistics such as inbreeding coefficients for the concerns around marginalization and stigmatization.

RESULTS: Here, we present SIGFRIED, which makes …

Il-33 Promotes Increased Replication Of Theiler’S Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus In Raw264.7 Macrophage Cells With An Irf3-Dependent Response, Ahmed Esmael, Thomas M. Petro

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Interleukin-33 (IL-33), which promotes M2 macrophage development, may influence the control of viruses, such as Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV) that infect macrophages. Because Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 (IRF3) is also critical to control of TMEV infection in macrophages, information on the relationship between IL-33 and IRF3 is important. Thus, RAW264.7 Lucia murine macrophage lineage cells with an endogenous IRF3-ISRE promoter driving secreted luciferase and IRF3KO RAW Lucia, a subline deficient in IRF3, were challenged with TMEV. After the challenge, considerable TMEV RNA detected at 18 and 24 h in RAW cells was significantly elevated in IRF3KO RAW cells. TMEV induction …

A Single Amino Acid Substitution In Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Glycoprotein 2 Significantly Impairs Its Infectivity In Macrophages, Jayeshbhai Chaudhari, Raquel Arruda Leme, Kassandra Durazo-Martinez, Sarah Vitosh-Sillman, Aspen M. Workman, Hiep Vu

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has a restricted tropism for macrophages and CD163 is a key receptor for infection. In this study, the PRRSV strain NCV1 was passaged on MARC-145 cells for 95 passages, and two plaque-clones (C1 and C2) were randomly selected for further analysis. The C1 virus nearly lost the ability to infect porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), as well as porcine kidney cells expressing porcine CD163 (PK15-pCD163), while the C2 virus replicates well in these two cell types. Pretreatment of MARC-145 cells with an anti-CD163 antibody nearly blocked C1 virus infection, indicating that the virus still …

The First Complete Genome Of The Simian Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Brasilianum, Marko Bajic, Shashidhar Ravishankar, Mili Sheth, Lori A. Rowe, M. Andreina Pacheco, Dhruviben S. Patel, Dhwani Batra, Vladimir Loparev, Christian Olsen, Ananias A. Escalante, Fredrik Vannberg, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, John W. Barnwell, Eldin Talundzic

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Naturally occurring human infections by zoonotic Plasmodium species have been documented for P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. simium, P. simiovale, P. inui, P. inui-like, P. coatneyi, and P. brasilianum. Accurate detection of each species is complicated by their morphological similarities with other Plasmodium species. PCR-based assays offer a solution but require prior knowledge of adequate genomic targets that can distinguish the species. While whole genomes have been published for P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. simium, and P. inui, no complete genome for P. brasilianum has …

Polyphenolics, Glucosinolates And Isothiocyanates Profiling Of Aerial Parts Of Nasturtium Officinale (Watercress), Sotiris Kyriakou, Kyriaki Michailidou, Tom Amery, Kyle Stewart, Paul G. Winyard, Dimitrios T. Trafalis, Rodrigo Franco, Aglaia Pappa, Mihalis I. Panayiotidis

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is a rich source of secondary metabolites with disease-preventing and/or health-promoting properties. Herein, we have utilized extraction procedures to isolate fractions of polyphenols, glucosinolates and isothiocyanates to determine their identification, and quantification. In doing so, we have utilized reproducible analytical methodologies based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry by either positive or negative ion mode. Due to the instability and volatility of isothiocyanates, we followed an ammonia derivatization protocol which converts them into respective ionizable thiourea derivatives. The analytes’ content distribution map was created on watercress flowers, leaves and stems. We have demonstrated that …

The Conquest Of Milk: The Rise Of Lactase Persistence And The Fall Of Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherers, Nicholas Mays

James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)

Over half of the global human population suffers from lactase nonpersistence, a condition marked by losing the ability to digest lactose after infancy. However, a minority of the global population, primarily located in Central and Northern Europe, has a genetic mutation that results in lactase persistence, which is the continued ability to process lactose after infancy. This interdisciplinary analysis blends archaeology, cultural anthropology, evolutionary biology, and archaeogenetics to explore the origin and rise of lactase persistence in Europe and its contribution to the end of hunter-gatherer societies in Scandinavia. Furthermore, the paper uses gene-culture coevolutionary theory to argue that lactase …

The Evolving Privacy And Security Concerns For Genomic Data Analysis And Sharing As Observed From The Idash Competition, Tsung-Ting Kuo, Xiaoqian Jiang, Haixu Tang, Xiaofeng Wang, Arif Harmanci, Miran Kim, Kai Post, Diyue Bu, Tyler Bath, Jihoon Kim, Weijie Liu, Hongbo Chen, Lucila Ohno-Machado

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Concerns regarding inappropriate leakage of sensitive personal information as well as unauthorized data use are increasing with the growth of genomic data repositories. Therefore, privacy and security of genomic data have become increasingly important and need to be studied. With many proposed protection techniques, their applicability in support of biomedical research should be well understood. For this purpose, we have organized a community effort in the past 8 years through the integrating data for analysis, anonymization and sharing consortium to address this practical challenge. In this article, we summarize our experience from these competitions, report lessons learned from the events …

A Pooling Strategy For Detecting Carbapenem Resistance Genes By The Xpert Carba-R Test In Rectal Swab Specimens, Fred C. Tenover, Peng Zhang, Qi Wang, Chaoe Zhou, Feifei Zhang, Xinghui Gao, Yi-Wei Tang, Hui Wang

Biology Faculty Publications

Rapid and accurate detection of carriers of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO) in hospitalized patients is critical for infection control and prevention. This study aimed to evaluate a pooling strategy for the detection of carbapenem resistance genes (CRG) in multiple specimens using the Xpert Carba-R test. Two rectal swabs each were collected from 415 unique patients. One swab was tested by Carba-R on the five specimen-pooled strategy. The other swab was tested individually by culture followed by DNA sequence analysis for CRG as the reference. At the first 5:1 pooling testing, 22 of 83 pools were positive, which yielded 34 positives from …

Spatiotemporal Transcriptome Diversity And Responses To Salinity Tolerance In The Extremophyte Schrenkiella Parvula, Chathura Wijesinghege

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Schrenkiella parvula is an extremophyte model related to the most widely studied plant model, Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica crops in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It can thrive in highly saline environments where the soil is enriched in Na⁺, K⁺, Li⁺, borates, and chlorides. Understanding how this extremophyte can survive high salinity with genomic adaptations can provide insight into developing stress resilient crops in the future. Gene expression of S. parvula in response to salt has been investigated using shoot and root tissue from mature vegetative-phase plants. However, prior studies have not examined the transcript …

Model-Free Identification Of Relevant Variables From Response Data, Alan Veliz-Cuba, David Murrugarra

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Unraveling The Complex Interactions Between Members Of The Schistosoma Haematobium Group And Bulinus Snails In And Around Lake Victoria In West Kenya, Caitlin Raiselle Babbitt

Biology ETDs

Schistosoma haematobium, the agent of urogenital schistosomiasis, and related schistosomes are transmitted by members of the genus Bulinus. Each of the 38 Bulinus species vary in their ability to vector schistosome species and non-schistosome trematodes resulting in a patchwork of snail-parasite compatibilities. Accurately identifying snail intermediate hosts and the disease-causing parasites they transmit is critical for snail control strategies and the management of human schistosomiasis. Towards these ends, this thesis identifies bulinid species and the parasites they transmit and implicates certain species in the transmission of S. haematobium. The thesis also includes a systematic review of methods …

Inactivation Of Salmonella In Nonintact Beef During Low-Temperature Sous Vide Cooking, Heather B. Hunt, Samuel C. Watson, Byron D. Chaves, Gary Sullivan

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Sous vide cooking is a method of food preparation in which food is vacuum sealed and cooked in a water bath that is set to a precise temperature and circulated by a sous vide device. Due to ease of use and affordability, this cooking method has grown increasingly popular in food service kitchens and domestic settings. However, low‐temperature, long holding time sous vide cooking recommendations from manufacturers and chefs in popular press raise food safety concerns – specifically those for the preparation of nonintact beef products. The objective of this experiment was to address these concerns by validating a 5 …

The “Big Six”: Hidden Emerging Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens, Mona G. Alharbi, Rashad R. Al-Hindi, Ahmed Esmael, Ibrahim A. Alotibi, Sheren A. Azhari, Mazen S. Alseghayer, Addisu D. Teklemariam

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are emerging serogroups that often result in diseases ranging from diarrhea to severe hemorrhagic colitis in humans. The most common non-O157 STEC are O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145. These serogroups are known by the name “big six” because they cause severe illness and death in humans and the United States Department of Agriculture declared these serogroups as food contaminants. The lack of fast and efficient diagnostic methods exacerbates the public impact of the disease caused by these serogroups. Numerous outbreaks have been reported globally and most of these outbreaks were caused by …

Evaluation Of Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Methane And Co2 Emissions Of Growing And Finishing Cattle Raised In Extensive Or Partial-Intensive Cow-Calf Production Systems, Zachary E. Carlson, Levi J. Mcphillips, Rick R. Stowell, Galen E. Erickson, Mary E. Drewnoski, Jim C. Macdonald

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An experiment was conducted over 2 yr to measure performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of weaned calves from two cow-calf production systems. Crossbred steers and heifers (n = 270, initial body weight (BW) = 207 kg, SD = 35) were used in a randomized complete block design, with treatments applied to the cow-calf system. Treatments were: 1) a traditional system consisting of April to June calving with smooth bromegrass pasture and grazed corn residue as forage resources (TRAD); 2) an alternative system consisting of July to September calving utilizing partial-drylot feeding, summer-planted oats, and corn residue grazing (ALT). …

Cell Size Control Mechanisms In The Multiple Fission Cell Cycle Of Chlamydomonas, Dianyi Liu

Dissertations

Size homeostasis is achieved by a balance between cell growth and cell division, but the underlying mechanisms are yet fully understood. Green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) is a unique model for size control. Instead of the canonical binary fission cell cycle, Chlamydomonas uses a multiple fission cell cycle where a prolonged G1 phase is followed by rapid alternative n rounds of S/M (DNA synthesis and mitosis) cycles to produce 2ⁿ daughter cells. Two size checkpoints show size-dependence: the Commitment checkpoint governs a minimum size for a cell to divide at least once, and the S/M checkpoint governs the division …