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2015

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Articles 301 - 326 of 326

Full-Text Articles in Forest Sciences

Barley Molybdenum Cofactor Sulfurase (Mcsu): Sequencing, Modeling, And Its Comparison To Other Higher Plants, Ertuğrul Fi̇li̇z, Assaf Distelfeld, Tzion Fahima, Özge Karakaş Meti̇n, Eviatar Nevo, Song Weining, Ahu Altinkut Uncuoğlu Jan 2015

Barley Molybdenum Cofactor Sulfurase (Mcsu): Sequencing, Modeling, And Its Comparison To Other Higher Plants, Ertuğrul Fi̇li̇z, Assaf Distelfeld, Tzion Fahima, Özge Karakaş Meti̇n, Eviatar Nevo, Song Weining, Ahu Altinkut Uncuoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Molybdenum cofactor sulfurases (MCSUs) are important enzymes for plant development and response to environmental queues, including processes such as nitrogen metabolism and regulation of the abscisic acid levels in plant tissues. We cloned and sequenced MCSU gene from barley and performed in silico comparison with rice, tomato, and Arabidopsis. Physico-chemical properties and subcellular predictions were found to be similar in different plant species. All MCSUs had three critical domains: aminotransferase class-V (Pfam: PF00266), MOSC N-terminal beta barrel (Pfam: PF03476), and MOSC (Pfam: PF03473). Secondary structure analysis revealed that random coils were the most abundant, followed by α-helices and extended strands. …

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Response Of Bread-Wheat Seedlings To Waterlogging Stress, Murat Ti̇ryaki̇oğlu, Sema Karanlik, Mehmet Arslan Jan 2015

Response Of Bread-Wheat Seedlings To Waterlogging Stress, Murat Ti̇ryaki̇oğlu, Sema Karanlik, Mehmet Arslan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Waterlogging is a widespread problem and one of the major yield-limiting factors of wheat in some parts of the coastal plains of Turkey. The object of this study was to identify waterlogging-tolerant cultivars in bread wheat. Twenty-four bread-wheat genotypes were tested under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to determine shoot dry weight gain, root dry weight gain, total dry weight gain, dry leaf weight, specific dry leaf weight, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, transpiration and photosynthesis rates, and their tolerance indices. A complete randomized block design with three replications was conducted for both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The current study clearly demonstrated …

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Evaluation Of Drought Tolerance Of Winter Bread Wheat Genotypes Underdrip Irrigation And Rain-Fed Conditions, Jamala Mursalova, Zeynal Akparov, Javid Ojaghi, Mahammad Eldarov, Savaş Belen, Nurberdi Gummadov, Alexey Morgounov Jan 2015

Evaluation Of Drought Tolerance Of Winter Bread Wheat Genotypes Underdrip Irrigation And Rain-Fed Conditions, Jamala Mursalova, Zeynal Akparov, Javid Ojaghi, Mahammad Eldarov, Savaş Belen, Nurberdi Gummadov, Alexey Morgounov

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

To evaluate the genetic diversity in 48 winter bread wheat genotypes originating from different countries, an experiment based on randomized complete block design with 4 replications was carried out in drip irrigation and rain-fed conditions at the field station of the Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Eskişehir, Turkey in 2011 and 2012. Based on grain yield under rain-fed and irrigated conditions, drought tolerance indices, i.e. stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), and geometric mean productivity (GMP), were calculated to identify genotypes with better yield and drought tolerance. Analysis of variance indicated that …

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Radiation, Water, And Nitrogen Use Efficiencies Of Gossypium Hirsutum L., Shakeel Ahmad, Ilyas Raza, Di̇lbaugh Muhammad, Hakoomat Ali, Sajjad Hussain, Hülya Doğan, Muhammad Ziaulhaq Jan 2015

Radiation, Water, And Nitrogen Use Efficiencies Of Gossypium Hirsutum L., Shakeel Ahmad, Ilyas Raza, Di̇lbaugh Muhammad, Hakoomat Ali, Sajjad Hussain, Hülya Doğan, Muhammad Ziaulhaq

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Resource use efficiency is a baseline for productive agriculture and proper management of different resources (water, nitrogen, light, and land), and it plays a pivotal role in the accomplishment of this goal. Three field experiments were carried out at the experimental farm area of the Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan, in 2009 and 2010 to investigate the effects of different resources on cotton crops. Treatments for the first experiment included 4 cultivars and 6 nitrogen levels. The second experiment comprised 3 variables, irrigation methods, cultivars, and plant spacing, whereas 2 variables, including different irrigation regimes and glycinebetaine application, were …

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Physiological Variation Of Garry Oak (Quercus Garryana) Seedlings To Drought Stress, Matthew A. Merz Jan 2015

Physiological Variation Of Garry Oak (Quercus Garryana) Seedlings To Drought Stress, Matthew A. Merz

All Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine physiological differences in drought response among Garry oak (Quercus garryana Douglas ex Hook. [Fagaceae]) seedlings that grow in distinct populations in Washington state, in order to aid in restoration efforts by informing growers of the potential differences between the acorn collection sites. Acorns from six Washington populations east of the Cascades, as well as one population from Whidbey Island, were collected and grown in containers under controlled conditions. The plants were assessed with and without moderate and severe drought stress induced by withholding water. The most extreme differences in photosynthetic characteristics …

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Interactions Among Spruce Beetle Disturbance, Climate Change And Forest Dynamics Captured By A Forest Landscape Model, Christian Temperli, Thomas T. Veblen, Sarah J. Hart, Dominik Kulakowski, Alan J. Tepley Jan 2015

Interactions Among Spruce Beetle Disturbance, Climate Change And Forest Dynamics Captured By A Forest Landscape Model, Christian Temperli, Thomas T. Veblen, Sarah J. Hart, Dominik Kulakowski, Alan J. Tepley

Geography

The risk of bark beetle outbreaks is widely predicted to increase because of a warming climate that accelerates temperature-driven beetle population growth and drought stress that impairs host tree defenses. However, few if any studies have explicitly evaluated climatically enhanced beetle population dynamics in relation to climate-driven changes in forest composition and structure that may alter forest suitability for beetle infestation. We synthesized current understanding of the interactions among climate, spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis) and forest dynamics to parameterize and further advance the bark beetle module of a dynamic forest landscape model (LandClim) that also integrates fire and wind disturbance …

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Large Carbon Release Legacy From Bark Beetle Outbreaks Across Western United States, Bardan Ghimire, Christopher A. Williams, G. James Collatz, Melanie Vanderhoof, John Rogan, Dominik Kulakowski, Jeffrey G. Masek Jan 2015

Large Carbon Release Legacy From Bark Beetle Outbreaks Across Western United States, Bardan Ghimire, Christopher A. Williams, G. James Collatz, Melanie Vanderhoof, John Rogan, Dominik Kulakowski, Jeffrey G. Masek

Geography

Warmer conditions over the past two decades have contributed to rapid expansion of bark beetle outbreaks killing millions of trees over a large fraction of western United States (US) forests. These outbreaks reduce plant productivity by killing trees and transfer carbon from live to dead pools where carbon is slowly emitted to the atmosphere via heterotrophic respiration which subsequently feeds back to climate change. Recent studies have begun to examine the local impacts of bark beetle outbreaks in individual stands, but the full regional carbon consequences remain undocumented for the western US. In this study, we quantify the regional carbon …

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Clonal Propagation And Synthetic Seed Production From Nodal Segments Ofcape Gooseberry (Physalis Peruviana L.), A Tropical Fruit Plant, Bahti̇yar Buhara Yücesan, Ali̇yu Mohammed, Merve Arslan, Ekrem Gürel Jan 2015

Clonal Propagation And Synthetic Seed Production From Nodal Segments Ofcape Gooseberry (Physalis Peruviana L.), A Tropical Fruit Plant, Bahti̇yar Buhara Yücesan, Ali̇yu Mohammed, Merve Arslan, Ekrem Gürel

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Physalis peruviana L. contains polyphenols and carotenoids with antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities used against diabetes. To establish an efficient regeneration system using nodal segments excised from 4-week-old germinated seedlings, direct plant regeneration, without additional rooting stage, was achieved on LS medium containing 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN), thidiazuron (TDZ), or gibberellic acid (GA3), alone or in combination with 0.25 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), after 2 weeks of incubation. The highest mean numbers of shoots and well-developed roots were obtained on LS medium containing solely 0.5 mg/L TDZ, producing 5.3 shoots and 3.3 roots per explant …

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Investigating Within-Canopy Variation Of Functional Traits And Cellular Structure Of Sugar Maple (Acer Saccharum) Leaves, Adam P. Coble Jan 2015

Investigating Within-Canopy Variation Of Functional Traits And Cellular Structure Of Sugar Maple (Acer Saccharum) Leaves, Adam P. Coble

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Patterns of increasing leaf mass per area (LMA), area-based leaf nitrogen (Narea), and carbon isotope composition (δ13C) with increasing height in the canopy have been attributed to light gradients or hydraulic limitation in tall trees. Theoretical optimal distributions of LMA and Narea that scale with light maximize canopy photosynthesis; however, sub-optimal distributions are often observed due to hydraulic constraints on leaf development. Using observational, experimental, and modeling approaches, we investigated the response of leaf functional traits (LMA, density, thickness, and leaf nitrogen), leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C), and cellular structure to light availability, height, and leaf water …

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Assessing The Permeability Of Landscape Features To Animal Movement: Using Genetic Structure To Infer Functional Connectivity, Sarah J. Anderson, Elizabeth M. Kierepka, Robert K. Swihart, Emily K. Latch Jan 2015

Assessing The Permeability Of Landscape Features To Animal Movement: Using Genetic Structure To Infer Functional Connectivity, Sarah J. Anderson, Elizabeth M. Kierepka, Robert K. Swihart, Emily K. Latch

Department of Forestry & Natural Resources Faculty Publications

Human-altered environments often challenge native species with a complex spatial distribution of resources. Hostile landscape features can inhibit animal movement (i.e., genetic exchange), while other landscape attributes facilitate gene flow. The genetic attributes of organisms inhabiting such complex environments can reveal the legacy of their movements through the landscape. Thus, by evaluating landscape attributes within the context of genetic connectivity of organisms within the landscape, we can elucidate how a species has coped with the enhanced complexity of human altered environments. In this research, we utilized genetic data from eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus ) in conjunction with spatially explicit habitat …

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Ancient Humans Influenced The Current Spatial Genetic Structure Of Common Walnut Populations In Asia, Paola Pollegioni, Keith E. Woeste, Francesca Chiocchini, Stefano Del Lungo, Irene Olimpieri, Virginia Tortolano, Jo R. Clark, Gabriel E. Hemery, Sergio P. Mapelli, Maria Emilia Malvolti Jan 2015

Ancient Humans Influenced The Current Spatial Genetic Structure Of Common Walnut Populations In Asia, Paola Pollegioni, Keith E. Woeste, Francesca Chiocchini, Stefano Del Lungo, Irene Olimpieri, Virginia Tortolano, Jo R. Clark, Gabriel E. Hemery, Sergio P. Mapelli, Maria Emilia Malvolti

Department of Forestry & Natural Resources Faculty Publications

Common walnut (Juglans regia L) is an economically important species cultivated worldwide for its wood and nuts. It is generally accepted that J. regia survived and grew spontaneously in almost completely isolated stands in its Asian native range after the Last Glacial Maximum. Despite its natural geographic isolation, J. regia evolved over many centuries under the influence of human management and exploitation. We evaluated the hypothesis that the current distribution of natural genetic resources of common walnut in Asia is, at least in part, the product of ancient anthropogenic dispersal, human cultural interactions, and afforestation. Genetic analysis combined with ethno-linguistic …

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First Year Biomass Production Following Application Of Various Size Strip Thinnings In A Young Hardwood Stand In West Virginia., Ashlee Martin Jan 2015

First Year Biomass Production Following Application Of Various Size Strip Thinnings In A Young Hardwood Stand In West Virginia., Ashlee Martin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Strip thinning can reduce stand density to promote better growth of residual trees and has potential to create a woody bioenergy feedstock in addition to enhancing and maintaining early successional habitat for wildlife. However, little research has been conducted on strip thinning within young hardwood stands to determine if these are viable attributes of strip thinning. The goal of this study was to assess the first year biomass production after strip thinning among three different cut strip widths (8 ft, 12 ft, and 16 ft) in a 22-year-old mixed mesophytic hardwood stand. Woody biomass production from stump sprouts and true …

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Provisioning And Its Effects On The Social Interactions Of Tibetan Macaques (Macaca Thibetana) At Mt. Huangshan, China, Brianna I. Schnepel Jan 2015

Provisioning And Its Effects On The Social Interactions Of Tibetan Macaques (Macaca Thibetana) At Mt. Huangshan, China, Brianna I. Schnepel

All Master's Theses

The dispersal patterns of food resources has a significant effect on the composition of primate groups and social interactions within those groups. Humans often alter the dispersal of food. Non-humans often use affiliative behaviors to elicit tolerance or support from other group members. I investigated whether provisioned food resources alter the social interactions and group dynamics of Macaca thibetana. All-occurrence sampling and scan sampling were used for data recorded by camera traps. Trail-cameras were placed at six locations that contain natural and human food resources and recorded 60-second videos. Social behavior and proximity of the monkeys were recorded. I …

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A Critical Examination Of Private Conservation Areas On Campesino Community Lands In Peru, Megan Barnhart Jan 2015

A Critical Examination Of Private Conservation Areas On Campesino Community Lands In Peru, Megan Barnhart

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Community-owned private reserves are emerging around the world as an alternative to government-run resource management and as a way to more directly involve citizens as stewards of their local natural resources. Despite their recent proliferation globally, voluntary efforts by communities to include their land in protected area systems, and the motivations and expectations of their legal recognition remain largely unknown. This thesis examines community-owned private conservation areas in Northern Peru locally known as Áreas de Conservación Privadas (ACPs) which are voluntary and legally recognized by the Peruvian State. The study investigates the rationales and outcomes of the application of ACPs …

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Evaluation Of A Generalized Basal Area Stand Table Projection Model For Appalachian Hardwoods Growth And Yield Systems, Aaron M. Holley Jan 2015

Evaluation Of A Generalized Basal Area Stand Table Projection Model For Appalachian Hardwoods Growth And Yield Systems, Aaron M. Holley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A generalized stand table projection algorithm was used to disaggregate species group level data for the Fernow Experimental Forest in the Allegheny Front physiographic region of the Central Appalachian Hardwoods region. The generalized stand table projection method has proved effective in projecting multi and uni-modal distributions in single species stands. Exploration into the potential for use in mixed species Central Appalachian Hardwoods thinned and unthinned stands proved promising. When compared to basal area projections using SILVAH, generalized stand table projection outperformed SILVAH at the plot level. Generalized stand table projection produced smaller errors on non-overlapping growth projections for both thinned …

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The Impact Of Forest Successional Status On Community Structure Of Neotropical Cerambycid Beetles, Lin Li Jan 2015

The Impact Of Forest Successional Status On Community Structure Of Neotropical Cerambycid Beetles, Lin Li

Dissertations and Theses

Due to anthropogenic activities, tropical rain forests face many challenges in sustaining biodiversity and maintaining global climates. This project examines how forest successional status affects community composition of saproxylic cerambycids, which, as early colonists of moribund trees, have an important role in nutrient cycling. In the lowland rain forest of Costa Rica, thirty-nine trees in five plant families (Fabaceae, Lecythidaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, and Sapotaceae) were sampled in a mosaic of old growth and secondary forest. They yielded 3545 cerambycid individuals in 49 species. Species richness was almost identical in old growth and secondary forest; but abundance was higher in old-growth. …

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Instantaneous Photosynthetic Response To Temperature Of Mature Forest Canopies And Experimentally Warmed Seedlings, Alida C. Mau Jan 2015

Instantaneous Photosynthetic Response To Temperature Of Mature Forest Canopies And Experimentally Warmed Seedlings, Alida C. Mau

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Tropical trees have been shown to be more susceptible to warming compared to temperate species, and have shown growth and photosynthetic declines at elevated temperatures as little as 3oC above ambient. However, regional and global vegetation models lack the data needed to accurately represent physiological response to increased temperatures in tropical forests. We compared the instantaneous photosynthetic responses to elevated temperatures of four mature tropical rainforest tree species in Puerto Rico and the temperate broadleaf species sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in Michigan. Contrary to expectations, leaves in the upper canopy of both temperate and tropical forests had temperature …

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Restoration Of Headwater And Coastal Fens In The Lake Superior Basin Of Upper Michigan, James A. Bess Jan 2015

Restoration Of Headwater And Coastal Fens In The Lake Superior Basin Of Upper Michigan, James A. Bess

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

In 2009, research projects were initiated at Michigan Technological University to develop restoration techniques for headwater fens and coastal wetlands in the southern Lake Superior Basin in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. The primary focus of these was to quantify the efficacy of using locally collected seeds as a technique for wetland restoration. Two primary sites were selected, the Sleeper Lake Fen complex in Luce County and the Portage Waterway-Keweenaw Bay region of Lake Superior in Baraga and Houghton Counties. At the Sleeper Lake site, a combination of heavy machinery, seeding and mulch application was used to restore a 1.6 km ditch …

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Changes In Carbon Pools Influenced By Changes In Soil Texture, Slope, And Aspect A Decade Following Wildfire In Black Spruce Forests Of Interior Alaska, Gregory Houle Jan 2015

Changes In Carbon Pools Influenced By Changes In Soil Texture, Slope, And Aspect A Decade Following Wildfire In Black Spruce Forests Of Interior Alaska, Gregory Houle

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Topography and parent material (PM) texture control site drainage owing to changes in water holding capacity, infiltration, and insolation. In turn, these factors also affect fire regime. However, the interactive effects of site physiography, edaphic controls, and wildfire severity on ecosystem carbon accrual after wildfire are poorly understood. Throughout the summer of 2004 an area the size of Massachusetts burned in interior Alaska, and several studies were initiated to investigate the controls on organic layer consumption. In this study we re-sampled organic layer depths, below ground carbon stocks, and site revegetation from 38 burned black spruce sites from the 2004 …

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An Assessment Of Biochar Amended Soilless Media For Nursery Propagation Of Northern Rocky Mountain Native Plants, Clarice P. Matt Jan 2015

An Assessment Of Biochar Amended Soilless Media For Nursery Propagation Of Northern Rocky Mountain Native Plants, Clarice P. Matt

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

A study was conducted to better inform nursery practitioners of the potential benefits of biochar application in common nursery media for native plant propagation. Biochar – a carbon-rich, recalcitrant charred organic co-product of the bioenergy pyrolysis process – has emerged as a promising potential replacement for various components of soilless media, namely peat, perlite, and vermiculite, in nursery seedling propagation. A strong conceptual basis exists for biochar as a nursery media amendment, but empirical data on biochar-based plant propagation is limited. This greenhouse study examined the effects of biochar displacement of standard soilless nursery media at rates of 0%, 15%, …

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A Model For Determining Drivers Of Phenology In Western United States Rangelands, Joseph R. St. Peter Jan 2015

A Model For Determining Drivers Of Phenology In Western United States Rangelands, Joseph R. St. Peter

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Plant phenology has long been used as an indicator of climate. Recent changes in plant phenology are evidence of the influence of climate change. Modeling plant phenology has become an effective tool to understand the impacts of climate change. Using machine learning techniques I developed a modeling process for accurately predicting phenology across a diverse landscape. This model uses individual site data to set site specific climate thresholds for plant phenology. This model also identifies the limiting factors to vegetation phenology for rangelands in the western United States. NDVI remotely sensed data was used to quantify land surface phenology and …

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Effects Of Prescribed Fire On Upland Plant Biodiversity And Abundance In Northeast Florida, Peter D. Maholland Jan 2015

Effects Of Prescribed Fire On Upland Plant Biodiversity And Abundance In Northeast Florida, Peter D. Maholland

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Terrestrial ecosystems in the southeastern United States have evolved with fire as a common disturbance and as a result many natural communities require the presence of fire to persist over time. Human development precludes natural fires from occurring within these communities; however, prescribed fire is considered to be a critical tool in the effort to restore fire-dependent ecosystems after decades of fire exclusion. Direct effects of fire on individual floral and faunal species as well as benefits to biodiversity at the landscape (gamma diversity) level have largely been supported in previous research. However, information on the effects of natural and …

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Effects Of The Exotic Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis Invicta) On The Growth And Survival Of The Threatened Hooded Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia Minor), Edward Marques Jan 2015

Effects Of The Exotic Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis Invicta) On The Growth And Survival Of The Threatened Hooded Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia Minor), Edward Marques

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Plants and insects are some of the most biodiverse groups in the world and are constantly interacting. One unique interaction that has been observed occurs between carnivorous plants and insects; some plant species are capable of capturing and digesting insects for nutrients. Despite preying on these insects, there are cases where such interactions can been viewed as mutualistic. For instance, a nectar reward is produced by the plant to attract insects, and during visitation insects may fall prey to these plants. Additionally, carnivorous myrmecophytic plants may receive an added indirect benefit in the form of reduced herbivory, since ants have …

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Nonstructural Carbohydrate Concentrations Of Pine Trees As A Function Of Evolutionary History, Joshua T. Mims Jan 2015

Nonstructural Carbohydrate Concentrations Of Pine Trees As A Function Of Evolutionary History, Joshua T. Mims

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) can supply substrate during periods when current photosynthate is unavailable or inadequate to meet metabolic demands. I hypothesized that natural selection has favored higher nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations ([NSC]) in species that have an evolutionary history of frequent disturbance and tested this using three southern pine species that have evolved under a continuum of disturbance frequencies (evolutionary history of fire ~ longleaf > slash > loblolly). Stem and root samples were collected from 12 similar-sized individual trees of each species during time periods that reflect the annual minimum and maximum [NSC]. A modified colorimetric method was performed on the samples …

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Negative Feedbacks On Bark Beetle Outbreaks: Widespread And Severe Spruce Beetle Infestation Restricts Subsequent Infestation, Sarah J. Hart, Thomas T. Veblen, Nathan Mietkiewicz, Dominik Kulakowski Jan 2015

Negative Feedbacks On Bark Beetle Outbreaks: Widespread And Severe Spruce Beetle Infestation Restricts Subsequent Infestation, Sarah J. Hart, Thomas T. Veblen, Nathan Mietkiewicz, Dominik Kulakowski

Geography

Understanding disturbance interactions and their ecological consequences remains a major challenge for research on the response of forests to a changing climate. When, where, and how one disturbance may alter the severity, extent, or occurrence probability of a subsequent disturbance is encapsulated by the concept of linked disturbances. Here, we evaluated 1) how climate and forest habitat variables, including disturbance history, interact to drive 2000s spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) infestation of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) across the Southern Rocky Mountains; and 2) how previous spruce beetle infestation affects subsequent infestation across the Flat Tops Wilderness in northwestern Colorado, which experienced …

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Matrix And Edge Effects On The Maintenance Of Ecological Function In An Afromontane Protected Area, Robin M. Martino Jan 2015

Matrix And Edge Effects On The Maintenance Of Ecological Function In An Afromontane Protected Area, Robin M. Martino

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Land use type in the human dominated matrix surrounding tropical forest can influence edge effects at the forest-matrix interface. Edge effects can alter ecological processes and impact the function of forest edge ecosystems. A key ecological process that helps maintain tropical forest and is affected by forest disturbance is seed dispersal by large, fruit eating vertebrates (frugivores). This dissertation examines how the type of vegetation in the matrix, the `soft’ edge contrast of pine plantations and the `hard’ edge contrast of tea plantations, affect seed dispersal behavior of large frugivores, and the structure and composition of tree species, in forest …

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