Forest Sciences Commons^™

Water Application Uniformity Of A Subsurface Drip Irrigation System At Various Operating Pressures And Tape Lengths, B. Safi, M. R. Neyshabouri, Amir Hossein Nazemi, S. Massiha, S. M. Mirlatifi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Subsurface irrigation has been the focus of attention mainly because of its low evaporation rate and deep percolation losses. Uniformity of water applications and its stability, however, are still a matter of controversy and deserve more investigation. An experiment was conducted at the research station of Tabriz University to evaluate discharge variation among emitters and uniformity after 3 years of operation at different pressures, as well as to determine the optimum length for irrigation tapes. Four hydraulic pressures, 50, 90, 150, and 200 kPa, 4 irrigation tapes 34 m long (used tape) installed at a depth of 10 cm, and …

Determination Of Irrigation Performance Of Water User Associations In The Vicinity Of Sarıgöl And Alaşehir Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Beki̇r Sitki Karataş, Erhan Akkuzu, Musa Avci

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The aim of this research was to determine the irrigation performance of Sarıgöl, Bağ, and Üzüm Water User Associations (WUAs) in the vicinity of Sarıgöl and Alaşehir using remote sensing techniques. For this purpose, the performance of the irrigation system for the 2004 irrigation season (May to September) was determined according to 5 indicators, namely overall consumed ratio (ep), relative water supply (RWS), depleted fraction (DF), crop water deficit (CWD), and relative evapotranspiration (RET). Potential and actual evapotranspiration parameters used in determining these indicators were estimated according to the SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance) method using NOAA-16/AVHRR images. Seasonal averages of …

A Selection Strategy For Low Toxin Vetches (Vicia Sativa Spp.), Hüseyi̇n Kansur Firincioğlu, Max Tate, Sabahaddi̇n Ünal, Levent Doğruyol, İlhan Özcan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The aim of this investigation was to identify suitable parental lines of vetch (Vicia sativa spp.) from Turkish and ICARDA germplasm, with appropriate morphological and phenological characters, for generating low %w w^{-1} \gamma-L-Glutamyl-\beta-cyano-L-alanine toxin cultivars, using infrared nitrile screening, dendrogram clustering, and Pearson correlations. A significant inverse relationship between seed-mass and %w w^{-1} \gamma-L-Glutamyl-\beta-cyano-L-alanine was observed in 13 semiprostrate lines of V. sativa. No corresponding seed-toxin, seed-mass relationship was observable in 41 lines of V. sativa subsp. sativa of erect habit. Accordingly, the possibilities for the incorporation of the low toxic compound in small-seeded semiprostrate V. sativa lines into larger …

Stability Of Grain Vitreousness In Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum L. Desf.) Genotypes In The North-Western Region Of Turkey, Kayihan Zahi̇t Korkut, Oğuz Bi̇lgi̇n, İsmet Başer, Nezi̇hi̇ Sağlam

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out in order to determine the grain vitreousness percentage and stability performance of 44 durum wheat genotypes, which were tested in 3 different environments during 2 growing periods. Grain vitreousness percentage of the genotypes ranged between 69.2% and 90.0%. Svevo, Amanos 97, and Zenit varieties had the highest vitreousness kernel percentages and the lowest grain yields. The negative correlation coefficient between vitreous grain percentage and grain yield, according to correlation analysis, confirms this result. Mutant 47, Harran 95, Epidur, and Kızıltan 95 were the most stable genotypes with respect to all stability parameters studied for vitreousness. …

Determination Of Superior Pinto Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L. Var. Pinto) Genotypes By Selection Under The Ecological Conditions Of Samsun Province, Turkey, Ahmet Balkaya, Ahmet Ergün

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Species belonging to the family Leguminosae are widely grown in Turkey. Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Pinto) is a traditional crop in Turkey and farmers grow local varieties that they select and maintain. Pinto bean is an important food in Samsun province, Turkey. Its crop is consumed as fresh pods, and fresh pod seed or dry seeds. This study was conducted in order to select valuable genetic resources of the pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Pinto) under the ecological conditions of Samsun in 2003 and 2004. In the first year, 44 pinto bean populations were collected and evaluated …

The Effect Of Fermentation Temperature On The Growth Kinetics Of Wine Yeast Species, Aysun Şener, Ahmet Canbaş, M. Ümi̇t Ünal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effect of fermentation temperature (18 and 25 °C) on kinetic and yield parameters of ethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Zymaflore VL1) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Uvaferm CM) was examined using the white Emir grape that is grown in the Nevşehir-Ürgüp region of Turkey. Growth of both yeast species varied according to temperature. Kinetic and yield parameters were both temperature dependent. Sensory evaluation showed that the taste panel was able to discern the wines fermented by Uvaferm CM and Zymaflore VL1 at different temperatures. The panel preferred the wine fermented by Uvaferm CM at 18 °C.

Examination Of Flower Bud Initiation And Differentiation In Sweet Cherry And Peach By Scanning Electron Microscope, Hakan Engi̇n, Ali̇ Ünal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Flower initiation and development in 0900 Ziraat sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and Glohaven peach (Prunus persica L.) were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The objectives were to determine the timing of floral developmental stages and to achieve a better understanding of the morphological changes during flower formation at the apex of axillary buds of sweet cherry and peach cultivars. In cherry, bud samples were taken every 10 days from June 26 to August 24 and stored in formalin, 70% ethanol, and acetic acid solution (10:50:5, by volume). In peach, bud samples were collected every 10 days from June 28 …

Spatial Ecology Of The Coachwhip, Masticophis Flagellum (Squamata: Colubridae), In Eastern Texas, Richard W. Johnson, Robert R. Fleet, Michael B. Keck, D. Craig Rudolph

Faculty Publications

We radio-tracked nine Masticophis flagellum (Coachwhips) to determine home range, habitat use, and movements in eastern Texas from April to October 2000. Home ranges of Coachwhips contained more oak savanna macrohabitat than early-successional pine plantation or forested seep, based on the availability of these three macrohabitats in the study area. Likewise, within their individual home ranges, Coachwhips used oak savanna more than the other two macrohabitats, based on availability. An analysis of microhabitat use revealed that, relative to random sites within their home range, Coachwhips were found at sites with fewer pine trees and more herbaceous vegetation taller than 30 …

An Eye-Opening Approach To Developing And Communicating Integrated Environmental Assessments, Todd R. Lookingbill, William C. Dennison, Tim J.B. Carruthers, Jane M. Hawkey, Shawn L. Carter

Geography and the Environment Faculty Publications

Communication among managers, the public, and scientists is the key to successful ecosystem management; however, the varied perspectives and interests of these groups can make such communication difficult. One way to achieve effective communication is to develop a common knowledge base by combining syntheses of key scientific results with information-rich visual elements. Within a management landscape, integrated environmental assessments provide a useful framework for evaluating resources and directing management efforts. The integrated assessment process involves (1) initial investigation, (2) development of a conceptual framework, (3) data navigation, (4) environmental report cards, and (5) science communication. Each step requires the synthesis …

The Father Of The Gordon Natural Area Passes Away, Gerard Hertel

Gordon Natural Area History & Strategic Plan Documents

No abstract provided.

Gordie News, January 2007, West Chester University Of Pennsylvania

Gordon Natural Area History & Strategic Plan Documents

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Glyphosate Isopropylamine And Trifluralin On The Carbon Mineralization Of Olive Tree Soils, Feruze Eser, Hüsni̇ye Aka Sağliker, Cengi̇z Darici

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Glyphosate isopropylamine and trifluralin are herbicides widely used in Turkish agriculture. The recommended field dose (RFD) (480 g of active ingredient l^{-1} for both glyphosate and trifluralin) and 2 x RFD of these herbicides were added to the soil of olive trees (Olea europaea L., Oleaceae) growing on the Çukurova University Campus (Adana) under Mediterranean climate conditions in order to determine their effects on soil microbial activity as measured by carbon mineralization. Carbon mineralization of all samples was determined by the CO_2 respiration method over 30 days (28 °C, constant moisture). When the RFD and 2 x RFD of glyphosate …

Research On Applying An Anchor Mechanism To Orchard And Vineyard Tractors Produced In Turkey, Hasan Si̇lleli̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In recent years, orchard and vineyard tractors have become widespread in Turkey. Owing to their narrow-track width and work environment, these tractors overturn easily. Therefore, tractor manufacturers have to fabricate roll-over protective structures (ROPS) that are high enough to prevent continuous rolling. In this study, an innovative system that increases the safety of the driver and decreases the ROPS height was tested on 20 tractors that are currently available for retail sale in Turkey. In order to determine the effect of an anchor mechanism on the height of the ROPS, the following parameters were investigated: tractor mass, the type of …

Black Walnut, Charles Michler, Keith Woeste, Paula Pijut

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), also known as eastern black walnut or American walnut, is a fine hardwood species in the family Juglandaceae, section Rhysocaryon (Manning 1978). In general, J. nigra will not cross with species in the sections Cardiocaryon or Trachycaryonv, but J. nigra will cross with J. ailantifolia (Cardiocaryon) (Williams 1990). Juglans nigra will also hybridize to some extent with other Juglans species (Dioscaryon and Rhysocaryon), and one hybrid is recognized: J. nigra × J. regia = J. x intermedia Carr. (USDA-NRCS 2004). Native to the deciduous forests of the eastern United States …

Pines, C. Plomion, D. Chagné, D. Pot, S. Kumar, P. L. Wilcox, R. D. Burdon, D. Prat, D. G. Peterson, J. Paiva, P. Chaumeil, G. G. Vendramin, F. Sebastiani, C. D. Nelson, C. S. Echt, O. Savolainen, T. L. Kubisiak, M. T. Cervera, N. De María, M. N. Islam-Faridi

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Pinus is the most important genus within the Family Pinaceae and also within the gymnosperms by the number of species (109 species recognized by Farjon 2001) and by its contribution to forest ecosystems. All pine species are evergreen trees or shrubs. They are widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, from tropical areas to northern areas in America and Eurasia. Their natural range reaches the equator only in Southeast Asia. In Africa, natural occurrences are confined to the Mediterranean basin. Pines grow at various elevations from sea level (not usual in tropical areas) to highlands. Two main regions of diversity are …

Protecting Soil And Water In Forest Road Management, J. M. Grace Iii, B. D. Clinton

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The National Forest road system is the network that supports public recreation, which has become the primary use of the public lands. The pattern of use of National Forest roads for recreation has increased dramatically since the late 1940s and is expected to continue to increase beyond the rates observed today. However, research over the past 60 years clearly presents forest roads as a major source of sediment and soil erosion from forest watersheds. Threats to healthy forests have received increased attention in the past decade. In particular, roads, road management, and travel management will likely be critical to addressing …

Giving Voice To Wildlands Visitors: Selecting Indicators To Protect And Sustain Experiences In The Eastern Arctic Of Nunavut, Alan Watson, Brian Glaspell, Neal Christensen, Paul Lachapelle, Vicki Sahanatien, Frances Gertsch

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Many public land management agencies are committed to understanding and protecting recreation visitor experiences. Parks Canada is deeply committed to that objective for visitors to Canada’s National Parks. This 2004 study, informed by a 2003 qualitative study of visitor experiences and influences on those experiences at Auyuittuq National Park in Nunavut, worked to bring 50 potential elements of visitor experiences down to five articulated dimensions of the experience that is currently being received at this remote eastern arctic park. A hypothesized set of 17 influences on experiences, also reduced to just two factors with similar response patterns, and with some …

The Science Of Targeting Within Landscapes And Watersheds To Improve Consevation Effectiveness, Todd Walter, Mike Dosskey, Madhu Khanna, Jim Miller, Mark Tomer, John Wiens

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Our ernphasis in this chapter has been an the science that underlies efforts to target conservation efforts to enhance the effeciiveness (and cost-effectiveness) of management, mitigation and restoration.

Species Richness And Soil Properties In Pinus Ponderosa Forests: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis, Daniel C. Laughlin, Scott R. Abella, W. Wallace Covington, James B. Grace

Public Policy and Leadership Faculty Research

Question: How are the effects of mineral soil properties on understory plant species richness propagated through a network of processes involving the forest overstory, soil organic matter, soil nitrogen, and understory plant abundance? Location: North-central Arizona, USA. Methods: We sampled 75 0.05-ha plots across a broad soil gradient in a Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine) forest ecosystem. We evaluated multivariate models of plant species richness using structural equation modeling. Results: Richness was highest at intermediate levels of understory plant cover, suggesting that both colonization success and competitive exclusion can limit richness in this system. We did not detect a reciprocal positive …

Past, Present, And Future Old Growth In Frequent-Fire Conifer Forests Of The Western United States, Scott R. Abella, W. Wallace Covington, Peter Z. Fule, Leigh B. Lentile, Andrew J. Sanchez Meador, Penelope Morgan

Public Policy and Leadership Faculty Research

Old growth in the frequent-fire conifer forests of the western United States, such as those containing ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Jeffrey pine (P. jeffreyi), giant sequoia (Sequioa giganteum) and other species, has undergone major changes since Euro-American settlement. Understanding past changes and anticipating future changes under different potential management scenarios are fundamental to developing ecologically based fuel reduction or ecological restoration treatments. Some of the many changes that have occurred in these forests include shifts from historically frequent surface fire to no fire or to stand-replacing fire regimes, increases in tree density, increased abundance of fire-intolerant trees, decreases in understory …

Forest-Floor Treatments In Arizona Ponderosa Pine Restoration Ecosystems: No Short-Term Effects On Plant Communities, Scott R. Abella, W. Wallace Covington

Public Policy and Leadership Faculty Research

Leaf litter accumulation during fire exclusion and increases in tree density in postsettlement southwestern Pinus ponderosa forests may limit the establishment of understory vegetation. We performed an experiment in P. ponderosa forests of northern Arizona to ascertain plant community responses to forest-floor scarification and Oi removal on thirty-six 100-m2 plots overlaid on an existing ecological restoration experiment that involved tree thinning and prescribed burning. Constrasting with findings from many other forest types, forest-floor treatments had no effect on community diversity or composition during the 2-year experiment. Sørensen similarities were as high as 97% between posttreatment years within treatments; and successional …

Risk Assessment For Invasive Exotic Plants Using Multi-Criteria Risk Models, Lindsey Marie Shartell

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Invasive exotic plants have altered natural ecosystems across much of North America. In the Midwest, the presence of invasive plants is increasing rapidly, causing changes in ecosystem patterns and processes. Early detection has become a key component in invasive plant management and in the detection of ecosystem change. Risk assessment through predictive modeling has been a useful resource for monitoring and assisting with treatment decisions for invasive plants.

Predictive models were developed to assist with early detection of ten target invasive plants in the Great Lakes Network of the National Park Service and for garlic mustard throughout the Upper Peninsula …

Tree Identification And Age Project, Mark Jensen

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of the Tree Identification and Age Project is to use authentic learning activities to extend the current curriculum to include learning that takes place at high levels of cognition. The methods employed integrate higher-order thinking into learning through a hands-on, problem-based approach to authentic scientific investigation. Using a problem-based approach, the learners apply knowledge and skills to solve real problems. The process involves focusing on the problem, identifying relative information, categorizing, critically analyzing, synthesizing that information and effectively communicating the results.