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2004

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Articles 151 - 176 of 176

Full-Text Articles in Forest Sciences

The Effects Of Habitat Resolution On Models Of Avian Diversity And Distributions: A Comparison Of Two Land-Cover Classifications, Joshua Lawler, Raymond O'Connor, Carolyn Hunsaker, K. Bruce Jones, Thomas Loveland, Denis White Jan 2004

The Effects Of Habitat Resolution On Models Of Avian Diversity And Distributions: A Comparison Of Two Land-Cover Classifications, Joshua Lawler, Raymond O'Connor, Carolyn Hunsaker, K. Bruce Jones, Thomas Loveland, Denis White

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Quantifying patterns is a key element of landscape analysis. One aspect of this quantification of particular importance to landscape ecologists is the classification of continuous variables to produce categorical variables such as land-cover type or elevation stratum. Although landscape ecologists are fully aware of the importance of spatial resolution in ecological investigations, the potential importance of the resolution of classifications has received little attention. Here we demonstrate the effects of using two different land-cover classifications to predict avian species richness and the occurrences of six individual species across the conterminous United States. We compared models built with a data set …

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Opening Remarks, Jay Cox Jan 2004

Opening Remarks, Jay Cox

Syracuse University Magazine

No abstract provided.

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Eco-Connections, Margaret Costello Jan 2004

Eco-Connections, Margaret Costello

Syracuse University Magazine

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Water Deficit On Yield And Yield Components Of Sugar Beet, Kenan Uçan, Cafer Gençoğlan Jan 2004

The Effect Of Water Deficit On Yield And Yield Components Of Sugar Beet, Kenan Uçan, Cafer Gençoğlan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different water levels on the sugar rate, sugar yield and root yield of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under Kahramanmaraş climatic conditions in the production season 1999-2000. A line source sprinkler irrigation system was used with 6 irrigation levels; I_1, I_2, I_3, I_4, I_5 and I_6. The sugar beet row adjacent to the lateral was denoted the most water applied level (I_1), and the most remote row from the lateral was denoted the least water applied level (I_6). The plant rows between levels I_1 and I_6 were taken as the deficit …

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Variation In Essential Oil Content And Composition In Turkish Anise (Pimpinella Anisum L.) Populations*, Neşet Arslan, Bi̇lal Gürbüz, Ercüment O. Sarihan, Ali̇ Bayrak, Ahmet Gümüşçü Jan 2004

Variation In Essential Oil Content And Composition In Turkish Anise (Pimpinella Anisum L.) Populations*, Neşet Arslan, Bi̇lal Gürbüz, Ercüment O. Sarihan, Ali̇ Bayrak, Ahmet Gümüşçü

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This research was carried out at the University of Ankara, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department and the laboratories of the Food Engineering Department. Twenty-nine anise seed samples were collected from different locations in 9 producer provinces in Turkey and were used as the study materials in order to determine essential oil and essential oil compositions. According to the results, essential oil levels varied from 1.3% to 3.7%. The major component of the essential oil was trans-anethole. This compound ranged from 78.63% to 95.21%. Population 26 may be recommended for trans-anethole percentage and populations 8 and 22 for essential oil …

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Inheritance Of Grain Yield In A Half-Diallel Maize Population, Aydin Ünay, Cahi̇t Konak, Hüseyi̇n Başal Jan 2004

Inheritance Of Grain Yield In A Half-Diallel Maize Population, Aydin Ünay, Cahi̇t Konak, Hüseyi̇n Başal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Inheritance of grain yield, heterosis and combining ability were investigated in maize populations obtained from half-diallel crossing among 9 inbred parental lines. General and specific combining ability effects were significantly different among parental lines. The grain yield was under the dominance gene effect. The parents W 552 and DNB were considered suitable according to their yield capacities and general combining ability effects. The midparent heterosis values ranged from 46.10% (H.96 x DNB) to 573.12% (ALKD 222 x A 632) whereas the useful heterosis values varied between -46.47% (A 619 x A 632) and 10.78% (N 7A x ALKD 90-1), and …

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Determining Suitable Investment Areas For The Forest Products Industry: An Example From The Black Sea Region In Turkey, Kadri̇ Cemi̇l Akyüz, İlker Akyüz, Hasan Seri̇n, Hi̇cabi̇ Cindik Jan 2004

Determining Suitable Investment Areas For The Forest Products Industry: An Example From The Black Sea Region In Turkey, Kadri̇ Cemi̇l Akyüz, İlker Akyüz, Hasan Seri̇n, Hi̇cabi̇ Cindik

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Investment decisions and regional development are significant for economic development and the welfare of society. The most suitable decision should be made by using multivariable statistical techniques in both public and private sector investments, because various factors may affect such investments. In this study the aim was to direct the preferences of private sector investments in the forest products industry in the Black Sea region, which lags behind the other regions from the point of view of economic development and has an unstable development situation. With this aim, cities with advantages and investment priorities were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) …

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Hormone Signaling Pathways In Plants: The Role Of Jasmonic Acid In Plant Cell Signaling, İskender Ti̇ryaki̇ Jan 2004

Hormone Signaling Pathways In Plants: The Role Of Jasmonic Acid In Plant Cell Signaling, İskender Ti̇ryaki̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Plant growth and metabolism are affected by various biotic and abiotic stimuli including microorganisms and insects attack as well as light and environmental stresses. Such a diverse plant response requires a communication system that uses a group of chemical messengers called hormones. Hormones promote, inhibit, or qualitatively modify plant growth and development. This complex process requires a signal transduction that defines a specific information pathway within a cell that translates an intra- or extracellular signal into a specific cellular response. The characterization of mutants in the hormone response pathway provides not only an excellent opportunity to understand hormone action in …

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Historical Reflections On The Arkansas Cross Timbers, Don C. Bragg Jan 2004

Historical Reflections On The Arkansas Cross Timbers, Don C. Bragg

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Kiichler's original map of potential natural vegetation suggested that the eastern-most extension of the "Cross Timbers" oak-dominated woodland reached into extreme western Arkansas. Recent investigations have found possible old-growth Cross Timber communities in narrow strips along steep, rocky sandstone and shale ridges near Fort Chaffee and Hackett. However, many decades of Euroamerican intervention have altered vegetation composition and structure in west-central Arkansas, making field evaluation difficult. Fortunately, historical accounts of the area provide considerable supporting documentation. General Land Office surveyors, for instance, traversed this portion of western Arkansas before 1850. They reported many ridges and slopes dominated by grassy, stunted …

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Stand-Level Green Biomass Equations For Sawtimber-Sized Loblolly Pine In Arkansas, Paul F. Doruska, David W. Patterson, Travis E. Posey Jan 2004

Stand-Level Green Biomass Equations For Sawtimber-Sized Loblolly Pine In Arkansas, Paul F. Doruska, David W. Patterson, Travis E. Posey

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is commercially the most important timber species in southern Arkansas and the southern United States. Results of stand-level timber inventories have traditionally been reported in terms of volume, yet loblolly pine sawtimber is bought and sold based on biomass. A straight forward stand-level conversion from volume per hectare to biomass per hectare does not exist for Arkansas, thus complicating the valuation of standing loblolly pine sawtimber. Two equations were developed to predict stand-level, outside-bark, green biomass per unit area for loblolly pine stands in southern Arkansas. The merchantable sawlog equation presented herein explained approximately 95% …

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Environmental Correlates And Associations Of Tuart (Eucalyptus Gomphocephala) Decline, Todd A. Edwards Jan 2004

Environmental Correlates And Associations Of Tuart (Eucalyptus Gomphocephala) Decline, Todd A. Edwards

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala DC.) is an ecologically and culturally important tree species that grows across a narrow 400 km long coastal belt, from the Sabrina River south of Perth, to Jurien Bay in the north. Unfortunately, Tuart is also a species under considerable threat due to clearing, lack of recruitment and canopy decline. Canopy decline is of particular concern, being increasingly reported throughout the Tuart distribution. Despite this, previous studies of Tuart have generally been limited to localised canopy decline events. This two-phased study firstly involved an assessment of Tuart canopy condition at 46 sites across the species distribution. At …

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Archaeobotanical And Dendroarchaeological Studies In Ilgarini Cave (Pınarbaşı, Kastamonu, Turkey), Ünal Akkemi̇k, Burhan Aytuğ, Sercay Güzel Jan 2004

Archaeobotanical And Dendroarchaeological Studies In Ilgarini Cave (Pınarbaşı, Kastamonu, Turkey), Ünal Akkemi̇k, Burhan Aytuğ, Sercay Güzel

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

With its historical remains and beautiful travertine formations, Ilgarini cave is important in terms of archaeobotany and natural sciences. In the left part of the cave there are 2 temples and 11 graves. These graves had 3 floors, and wooden materials were used between them. The purpose of the study was to identify the wooden materials taken from the graves in Ilgarini cave and to determine the lifetime of the people who lived in the cave by dating them dendrochronologically. In wood identification analysis, many thin sections were cut, and they were compared with reference wood sections. In dendroarchaeological analysis, …

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Effects Of Barley As A Companion Crop On The Hay Yield And Plant Density Of Red Clover And The Botanical Composition Of Hay, Mustafa Tan, Yunus Seri̇n, H. İbrahi̇m Erkovan Jan 2004

Effects Of Barley As A Companion Crop On The Hay Yield And Plant Density Of Red Clover And The Botanical Composition Of Hay, Mustafa Tan, Yunus Seri̇n, H. İbrahi̇m Erkovan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Forage legumes are frequently established with a companion crop such as a cereal crop for controlling weed invasion and high hay production. This study was conducted under irrigated conditions in order to determine the effects of the seeding rate and harvest stage of barley as a companion crop on the hay yield and plant density of red clover and the botanical composition of hay. Red clover was established with barley sown at 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha^{-1} and cut at the milk-dough and hard-dough stages. The highest total hay yield (6000 kg ha^{-1}) was measured at a 180 …

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Effect Of Different Control Methods On Weeds, Yield Components And Nodulation In The Spring Lentil, Işik Tepe, Murat Erman, Ayşe Yazlik, Remzi̇ Levent, Kuddusi̇ İpek Jan 2004

Effect Of Different Control Methods On Weeds, Yield Components And Nodulation In The Spring Lentil, Işik Tepe, Murat Erman, Ayşe Yazlik, Remzi̇ Levent, Kuddusi̇ İpek

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted on the lentil cultivar Malazgirt 89 during 1999 and 2000 to determine the most appropriate method for controlling weeds. In the experiments, hand hoeing, trifluralin, imazethapyr, linuron, prometryn, phenmedipham + desmediphame, trifluralin + hand hoeing and linuron + hand hoeing which should be used as an alternative to hand weeding, were tested. The effects of herbicides on nodulation in lentils were also investigated. Centaurea depressa in the first year, and Ranunculus arvensis and Acroptilon repens in the second year were the dominant weed species encountered in the plots. A combination of linuron + hand hoeing, linuron …

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Determination Of Wetland Vegetation Height With Lidar, Levent Genç, Bon Dewitt, Scot Smith Jan 2004

Determination Of Wetland Vegetation Height With Lidar, Levent Genç, Bon Dewitt, Scot Smith

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) is a new technology that offers a potential alternative to field surveying and photogrammetric techniques for the collection of elevation data. It has the advantages of being rapid accurate and able to map areas that are difficult to access. LIDAR has demonstrated the capability to accurately estimate important vegetation structural characteristics such as forest canopy height. For these reasons, airborne LIDAR data were used to compare vegetation height determinations with field observations on one selected transect in the vicinity of Lake Hatchineha in Florida, USA. The approach was based on the LIDAR and field measurements. …

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The Influence Of Clay Content, Organic Carbon And Land Use Types On Soil Aggregate Stability And Tensile Strength, Yasemi̇n Kavdir, Hasan Özcan, Hüseyi̇n Eki̇nci̇, Orhan Yüksel, Yusuf Yi̇ği̇ni̇ Jan 2004

The Influence Of Clay Content, Organic Carbon And Land Use Types On Soil Aggregate Stability And Tensile Strength, Yasemi̇n Kavdir, Hasan Özcan, Hüseyi̇n Eki̇nci̇, Orhan Yüksel, Yusuf Yi̇ği̇ni̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Soil tensile strength (TS) and aggregate stability (AS) values can be used as indicators of soil structural quality. The objective of this study was to determine the influences of land use types, soil carbon and clay contents on soil structure. Soil samples were collected from 51 different locations from the Kumkale Basin in Çanakkale in April and July 2003. A global positioning system (GPS) was used to determine the coordinates of sampling points. TS, AS, soil organic carbon (SOC), and clay contents were determined. Results of soil analysis and coordinates of sampling points were transferred to the Arc View geographical …

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Modeling Approaches To Salt Management Problems In Irrigated Agriculture: A Review, Ataç Tuli̇, William Austin Jury Jan 2004

Modeling Approaches To Salt Management Problems In Irrigated Agriculture: A Review, Ataç Tuli̇, William Austin Jury

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Irrigation projects have been developed throughout human history to increase food production, but they frequently contribute to salinization and drainage problems as well. Examples where salinization and drainage water disposal due to agricultural activity are a critical problem can be found in irrigated areas in different parts of the world. To find possible solutions to irrigation and drainage related problems, government agencies, scientists, and soil and water resources managers recommend a broad array of management alternatives for conducting investigations. The concept of management alternatives of salinization and drainage problems can be evaluated by field experiments and/or by simulating conditions with …

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Main Organic Acid Distribution Of Authentic Citrus Juices In Turkey, Feryal Karadeni̇z Jan 2004

Main Organic Acid Distribution Of Authentic Citrus Juices In Turkey, Feryal Karadeni̇z

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Nineteen authentic citrus juice samples (6 tangerine, 4 sweet orange, 4 grapefruit, 4 lemon and 1 sour orange) were investigated with respect to organic acid distribution. Average citric, malic and fumaric acid contents of tangerine juices were 9.22 g l^{-1}, 5.29 g l^{-1} and 368 µg l^{-1}, respectively. These values for orange juices were 13.28 g l^{-1}, 7.79 g l^{-1} and 373 µg l^{-1}, respectively. The citric acid concentration in lemon juices, having the highest acidity, varied between 48.54 and 60.32 g l^{-1}. It was followed by grapefruit juices with an average 19.61 g l^{-1} citric acid content. In all …

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Density Of Centaurea Solstitialis L. And Its Natural Enemies Ceratapion Spp. In Southern Turkey, Si̇bel Uygur Jan 2004

Density Of Centaurea Solstitialis L. And Its Natural Enemies Ceratapion Spp. In Southern Turkey, Si̇bel Uygur

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Centaurea solstitialis L., yellow star thistle, is an annual weed that belongs to the family Asteraceae. In Turkey, this weed can be found in pasture areas, along roadsides, in cultivated areas and in field margins. Yellow star thistle is native to Mediterranean and western Asian countries. Alternative management strategies to chemical control have been and still are being studied; for example, management strategies to control this weed in the USA concentrate on the biological control approach. In addition, chemical control methods in pasture areas are banned in Turkey, which led us to carry out this field study. The average percentage …

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Determination Of Optimum Weed Control Timing In Maize (Zea Mays L.), M. Nedi̇m Doğan, Aydin Ünay, Özhan Boz, Fi̇li̇z Albay Jan 2004

Determination Of Optimum Weed Control Timing In Maize (Zea Mays L.), M. Nedi̇m Doğan, Aydin Ünay, Özhan Boz, Fi̇li̇z Albay

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In field experiments conducted in 2001 and 2002, the optimum timing for weed control in maize was investigated. Both experiments were designed according to randomized complete blocks, and Cyperus rotundus L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L. and Chenopodium album L. were naturally infested on experimental plots in both years. The study in 2001 was conducted to determine the critical period for weed control for maize. With this aim plots were maintained weed-free or weedy for different periods based on crop growth stage. The relationships between grain yield and different weedy or weed-free periods were determined via regression analyses in …

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Effect Of Foliar Iron Applications At Different Growth Stages On Iron And Some Nutrient Concentrations In Strawberry Cultivars, İbrahi̇m Erdal, Kahraman Kepenek, İlhan Kizilgöz Jan 2004

Effect Of Foliar Iron Applications At Different Growth Stages On Iron And Some Nutrient Concentrations In Strawberry Cultivars, İbrahi̇m Erdal, Kahraman Kepenek, İlhan Kizilgöz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar Fe applications on leaf Fe and some nutrient (P, Ca, Mg, K, Mn and Zn) concentrations in strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) cultivars. For this purpose, 2 forms of Fe solutions (FeSO_4. 7 H_2O and Fe-EDTA) containing 0.28% Fe were sprayed onto the strawberry leaves at 3 growth stages (before blooming, first blooming, full blooming). Depending on the Fe sources, Fe concentration increased after each application. Before blooming, leaf Fe concentration increased from 60 mg kg^{-1} (control) to 127 and 105 mg kg^{-1} with Fe-EDTA and FeSO_4. 7 H_2O, respectively. During …

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Diel Activity Patterns Of The Louisiana Pine Snakes (Pituophis Ruthveni) In Eastern Texas, Marc J. Ealy, Robert R. Fleet, D. Craig Rudolph Jan 2004

Diel Activity Patterns Of The Louisiana Pine Snakes (Pituophis Ruthveni) In Eastern Texas, Marc J. Ealy, Robert R. Fleet, D. Craig Rudolph

Faculty Publications

This study examined the diel activity patterns of six Louisiana pine snakes in eastern Texas using radio-telemetry. snakes were monitored for 44 days on two study areas from May to October 1996. Louisana pine snakes were primarily diurnal with moderate crepuscular activity, spending the night within pocket gopher burrows or inactive on the surface. During daylight hours, snakes spent approximately 59% of their time underground within gopher burrows, burned out/rotten stumps, or nine-branded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) burrows. Remaining time was spent on the surface either close to subteranean refuge, or in long distance movements that generally terminet at …

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Response Of Small Mammal Populations To Fescue Hayfield Conversion To Native Warm Season Grasses In Bath County, Virginia, Michael T. Mengak Jan 2004

Response Of Small Mammal Populations To Fescue Hayfield Conversion To Native Warm Season Grasses In Bath County, Virginia, Michael T. Mengak

Virginia Journal of Science

I investigated the effect on small mammal populations of converting an existing fescue (Festuca arundinacea) hayfield to switchgrass (Panicium virgatum) on the George Washington National Forest at Hidden Valley in Bath County, Virginia. Native warm season grasses are thought to provide better habitat than fescue pastures for Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and several species of grassland birds as well as herbivorous small mammals. I established one live-trapping grid and conducted trapping (pre-treatment) in both the switchgrass (treatment) and the fescue (control) field in March and May 1997. The treatment field was sprayed with glyphosate …

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Tree Thinning And Prescribed Burning Effects On Ground Flora In Arizona Ponderosa Pine Forests: A Review, Scott R. Abella Jan 2004

Tree Thinning And Prescribed Burning Effects On Ground Flora In Arizona Ponderosa Pine Forests: A Review, Scott R. Abella

Public Policy and Leadership Faculty Research

Ground flora is an important response variable to monitor after tree thinning and prescribed burning treatments designed to restore Arizona ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson) forests. This paper reviews published literature on the effects of thinning and burning on ground flora in Arizona ponderosa pine forests in five main categories of research: ground flora biomass, species diversity, plant community composition, population processes, and individual species ecology. Research published to date suggests that thinning and burning generally increase ground flora biomass, whereas other categories of research such as community composition and population processes have been little studied in Arizona …

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Openness In The Face Of Systemic Constraints On Science, Public Participation, And The Western Australian Regional Forest Agreement, Martin Brueckner Jan 2004

Openness In The Face Of Systemic Constraints On Science, Public Participation, And The Western Australian Regional Forest Agreement, Martin Brueckner

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The aim of this thesis is to explore the role of science and public participation in environmental policy-making processes in Australia. To this end, I analyse the Western Australian Regional Forest Agreement (RFA) process, a recent Australian Federal Government initiative designed to resolve a longstanding dispute over native forest use and management. Theoretically underpinned by an open systems approach, the thesis employs a case study method for the analysis of the RFA process, using data from three distinct sources; interviews, RFA-related literature, and media content. The analysis of the RFA occurs against the historical background to this policy process and …

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Genetic Diversity And Structure Of The Fisher (Martes Pennanti) In A Peninsular And Peripheral Metapopulation, Samantha M. Wisely, Steven W. Buskirk, Gregory A. Russell, Keith B. Aubry, William J. Zielinsky Jan 2004

Genetic Diversity And Structure Of The Fisher (Martes Pennanti) In A Peninsular And Peripheral Metapopulation, Samantha M. Wisely, Steven W. Buskirk, Gregory A. Russell, Keith B. Aubry, William J. Zielinsky

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Evolutionary processes can be strongly affected by landscape features. In vagile carnivores that disperse widely, however, genetic structure has been found to be minimal. Using microsatellite DNA primers developed for other mustelids, we found that populations of a vagile forest carnivore, the fisher (Martes pennanti), exhibit high genetic structure (FST = 0.45, SE = 0.07) and limited gene flow (Nm < 1) within a .1,600-km narrow strip of forested habitat; that genetic diversity decreases from core to periphery; and that populations do not show an equilibrium pattern of isolation-by-distance. Genetic structure was greater at the periphery than at the core of the distribution and our data fit a 1-dimensional model of stepping-stone range expansion. Multiple lines of paleontological and genetic evidence suggest that the fisher recently (<5,000 years ago) expanded into the mountain forests of the Pacific coast. The reduced dimensionality of the distribution of the fisher in western coastal forests appears to have contributed to the high levels of structure and decreasing diversity from north to south. These effects were likely exacerbated by human-caused changes to the environment. The low genetic diversity and high genetic structure of populations in the southern Sierra Nevada suggest that populations in this part of the geographic range are vulnerable to extinction.

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