Forest Sciences Commons^™

Evaluating Landowner Assistance Programs And Other Wood Procurement Options, Gary D. Kronrad, C. Franklin, J.E. De Steiquer

Faculty Publications

A major activity of forest industry is supplying their mills with wood. There are four options for wood procurement: fee land, lease land, landowner assistance programs, and open market. The task of the corporate planner is to allocate the limited budget among these options in such a way that the needed volumes of wood are procured at the least cost. A methodology has been developed to aid in this capital budget in process and has been incorporated in an easy-to-use computer program.

Estimating Optimal Thinning And Rotation For Mixed-Species Timber Stands Using A Random Search Algorithm, Steven H. Bullard, Hanif D. Sherali, W. David Klemperer

Faculty Publications

The problem of optimal density over time for even-aged, mixed-species stands is formulated as a nonlinear-integer programming problem with numbers of trees cut by species and diameter class as decision variables. The model is formulated using a stand-table projection growth model to predict mixed-speciesg rowth and stand-structureO. ptimal thinning and final harvest age are estimated simultaneously using heuristic random search algorithms. For sample problemsw ith two speciesr, andom searchm ethodsp rovide near-optimalc uttings trategiesw ith very little computer time or memory. Optimal solutions are estimated for problems with eight initial species/diameter class groups, projected for up to three discrete growth …

Financial Maturity Of Timber And Maximum Net Present Values, Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

Simple financial maturity guidelines recommend harvesting timber when its rate of value growth becomes less than or equal to the highest rate that can be earned in other investments of equal risk. Several authors have shown that fin ancial maturity guides are consistent with maximizing economic c riteria such as net present va lue , but their results are sometimes accepted by fore sters and land managers without being fully understood. In this article , financial maturity guides are derived in a way that is easily understood, simply by maximizing the present value of all future net income.

Business Aspects Of The Mid-South Forest Economy, Steven H. Bullard, Thomas J. Straka

Faculty Publications

Timber resources and related economic activity are substantial in the Mid-South states of Tennessee Alabama Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas. Most of u; are awar~ that timber is an important aspect of our regional economy. We observe many stands of timber and often see it being harvested and transported to shipping points and manuf~cturing facilities. Many, however, do not fully appreoate the absolute size of the Mid-South's forest resources, nor their relative importance to states within the region. The Mid-South forest economy is described in two sections: (1) forest resources in general and (2) timber manufacturing or processing. Value added and …

An Approach For Projecting Mixed-Species Forest Growth And Mortality, Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

Mixed-species forests are common throughout the United States and growth and yield models are needed which reflect complex interrelationships. A stand-table projection approach with upgrowth and mortality components is presented for modeling growth and development in such forests. The method involves concepts previously used to model mixed-species diameter growth, in the upgrowth component of the projection system. Tentative equation forms arc presented to help clarify the general approach.

Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Infestation Rates Related To Site And Stand Characteristics In Nacogdoches County, Texas, David Kulhavy, Richard N. Conner, Mark White

Faculty Publications

Twenty-two pine stands with a variety of site and stand characteristics and management strategies were analyzed using discriminant analysis to determine factors which influence Nantucket pine tip moth infestations. A whole-tree sequential sampling scheme designed to estimate absolute infestation rates (±5%) was used. An 8% infestation rate was used as the dividing line between high and low tip moth infestations. A sequential sampling program was used in the field to estimate populations. Absolute infestation rates (P ± 5%), were obtained through random selection of pines for whole-tree sampling. Four equations were developed which gave 91% correct classification of initial …

A Case For Heuristic Optimization Methods In Forestry, Steven H. Bullard, W. David Klemperer

Faculty Publications

With rising competition for scarce resources, forest managers are increasingly concerned with estimating optimal solutions to complex problems. Heuristic procedures are often useful in solving such problems.

Promoting Soft Mast For Wildlife In Intensively Managed Forests, John J. Stransky, John H. Roese

Faculty Publications

The fruit of woody plants is important as food for wildlife (Martin et al. 1951, Lay 1965). The relation of fruit production to southern forest stand conditions has been explored in only a few studies. Fruit production is greater in forest clearings than in closed forest stands (Lay 1966, Elalls and Alcaniz 1968). In Georgia slash pine (Pinus elliottii) plantations, fruit yields of shrubs are greatest in 4-yeas-old stands, and soil disturbance in site preparation greatly reduces fruit yields (Johnson and Landers 1978). Total fruit production is greatest in 5-year-old bedded loblolly pine (P. taeda) plantations …

Mississippi’S Softwood Timber Potential: Private Nonindustrial Influences, Steven H. Bullard, G. H. Weaver, Willem W. S. Van Hees

Faculty Publications

Mississippi's long-run softwood timber potential was estimated for three input situations under a common set of economic and biological assumptions. Economic goals for sustained pine production were estimated using the computer program GASPLY with no restrictions, with private nonindustrial upland hardwoods excluded from type conversion and with private nonindustrial lands excluded from active forest management altogether. Estimated price-quantity equilibria ranged from $301 per thousand cubic feet (MCF) and 966 million cubic feet (MMCF) in the unrestricted case, to $1,226/MCF and 479 MMCF in the example with passive private nonindustrial management. Widely diffel'ing potential goals for pine product-ion highlight the degree …

Root Diseases And Blister Rust Associated With Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) In Western White Pine In Idaho, David Kulhavy, A.D. Partridge, R.W. Stark

Faculty Publications

Root systems of western white pine, Pinus montieola Douglas, were excavated with explosives and examined for pathogens. Data were also recorded on portions of the crown killed by blister rust caused by Cronartium ribieola Fisch. Statistical tests revealed a significant association between the bark beetles Dendroetonus ponderosae Hopkins and Pityogenes fossifrons (LeConte), and the root pathogen Armillariella mellea. (Vah!. ex Fr.) Karst and between beetles and all root diseases. Ninety-two percent of the trees attacked by bark beetles had root diseases, and 97% had either root diseases or blister rust. A discriminant analysis correctly classified 88% of the sample trees …

Estimating Infestation Rates Of The Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Through Sequential Sampling, David Kulhavy, Paul C. Johnson, Bernard Andersen

Faculty Publications

Sequential sampling to estimate proportion from a binomially distributed population was used to estimate apparent and actual infestation rates of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), on loblolly, Pinus taeda, and shortleaf pine, P. echinata. Populations of R. frustrana, as measured by infested tips, increased from the overwintering generation through the second generation (July), then decreased rapidly for P. echinata. Populations of R. frustrana continued to increase through the season in P. taeda. Tip moth infestations were concentrated in the top one-half of the tree.

Effect Of A Prescribed Fire On Herbage Production In Southwestern Ponderosa Pine On Sedimentary Soils, Brian P. Oswald, W. Wallace Covington

Faculty Publications

An area burned by prescription in 1977 and a nearby unburned area were measured in 1974 and 1980 to determine effects of the burn on herbage and forage production. Herbage production on the burned area increased significantly in 1980 over its 1974 level, in addition to being greater than the 1980 control production. However, the proportion of forage production to total herbage production in 1980 on the burned area decreased after the burn, and was significantly less than the control area forage production. This reduction in forage production can be attributed to the increase of nonforage species, notably bracken fern. …

Thinning Optimization In Mixed-Species Forests, Steven H. Bullard, W. David Klemperer

Faculty Publications

An approach is summarized for estimating optimal thinning and final harvest age for existing, mixed-species stands. The method involves stand-table projection with upgrowth and mortality equations, formulated as an integer-nonlinear programming problem. Random search methods are proposed for estimating optimal cutting prescriptions. Such solution methods warrant further study in forestry, since their use enables broad application of stand-specific modeling results.

The Potential Of Girdled And 2,4-D-Injected Southern Red Oaks As Woodpecker Nesting And Foraging Sites, Richard N. Conner, James C. Kroll, David L. Kulhavy

Faculty Publications

Comparisons of extent of decay in southern red oaks (Quercus falcate Michx.) revealed that trees injected with 2.4-D decayed sooner than girdled trees. Internal examinations of treated trees revealed that girdling and injection permitted growth of heartwood-and sapwood-decaying fungi a condition necessary for woodpecker nest cavity excavation. As a result of the delayed decay, girdling produces better woodpecker habitat in southern red oak. Girdled southern red oaks remain standing longer for woodpeckers to use for foraging and nesting sites. Number of snags required to support various percentages of woodpecker population maximums are presented.

Southern Pine Beetle: Annotated Bibliography, 1868-1982, David Kulhavy, Paul C. Johnson

eBooks

The FAMULUS computerized literature retrieval system was used to produce an annotated bibliography for the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. The bibliography contains 1,235 citations and is cross indexed by AUTHOR, TAXONOMY and KEYS to subject areas.

Mixed-Hardwood Thinning Optimization, Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

Upland hardwood forest types are .by far the most widespread in the United States. Stands of the oak-hickory forest type alone include 109 million acres, 23 percent of the Nation's commercial timberland (U.S. Forest Service 1982) . Many even-aged upland hardwood stands developed on nonindustrial private lands through hardwood invasion after pine stands were harvested. In 1973, half of the hardwood timber in the South was determined to be on upland sites which formerly supported pine stands (Murphy and Knight 1974). Many nonindustrial private landowners passively permit the biologically better adapted hardwoods to increase after the harvest of pines. These …

Soil Response To Clearcutting And Site Preparation In East Texas, J. J. Stransky, L. K. Halls, Kenneth G. Watterston

Faculty Publications

On an east Texas forest site, clearcutting and site preparation did not change the soil pH. Chopping and KG blading significantly reduced organic matter in the surface soil, while burning slightly increased it. Organic matter showed a positive and significant relationship to potassium, calcium and magnesium. All site treatments increased phosphorus and potassium, with the greatest increase on the burned plots. Calcium and magnesium contents also increased with burning but decreased with KG blading. Burning appeared better than the other treatments for maintaining or improving the soil nutrient regime. However, planted loblolly pine seedlings survived and grew best with mechanical …

Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Symposium Ii Proceedings, Richard N. Conner, James Kroll, Brian Locke

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Mississippi's Severance Tax And Forest Resource Development Program, G. H. Weaver, Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

Mississippi's Forest Resource Development Pro- gram was the second state-sponsored forestry assistance pro- gram in the United States. It was authorized by the legislature tn 1974 in response to concerns over long-term availability of softwood timber. It is funded by a severance tax levied at the potnt of first processing. Since inception, 152,295 acres have been treated under the program. Severance tax rates were established in 1974 and remained constant until 1981. Costs rose rapidly during these years, and the only way to increase funds for the program was to cut more timber or raise the fixed tax rates, as …

Soil Studies Educational Unit And Soil Reconnaissance Survey Of Piney Woods Conservation Center, Consuelo Garcia Campos Klotz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A soil reconnaissance survey was conducted on 2,500 acres adjacent to Sam Rayburn Reservoir, in the Angelina National Forest, San Augustine County, the future site of the proposed Piney woods Conservation Center. Data from the soil reconnaissance survey was interpreted and organized into a soil studies educational unit to be used to familiarize teachers with a variety of soils and their properties. Five of the eight soils were integrated into the study unit which is a portion of the total outdoor education and conservation program to be developed for the Piney Woods Conservation Center.

Drought-Tolerance Comparison Of Aleppo Pine And Brutia Pine Seedlings, Mohammad S. Abido

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Seedlings of Pinus halepensis and P. brutia were grown from seeds in a greenhouse. When 6 months old, randomly sampled seedlings were subjected to water stress by withholding irrigation. During this period, foliage and root characteristics of seedlings not under moisture stress were recorded. Pinus halepensis showed the greater ability to endure moisture stress and to maintain a higher level of needle-moisture content during the dry-down period. Meanwhile, P. brutia showed important anatomical and morphological adaptations which enable the species to conserve moisture.

Stand Risk Rating For The Southern Pine Beetle: Integrating Pest Management With Forest Management, Gordon L. Autry

Faculty Publications

Stand risk rating for the southern pine beetle.

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., is a first step toward dealing with a serious but sporadic insect problem. Two approaches, one utilizing readily available resource data, the other employing data obtained from aerial photographs, illustrate application of current knowledge to meet the protection needs of resource management-the primary role of integrated pest management. During a 36-month period in Louisiana, high-risk stands accounted for 13.4 infestations per 1,000 acres, four times the rate of low-risk stands; in Texas high-risk stands accounted for 9 .9 infestations per 1 ,000 acres during 1973-1978, almost five times the …

Behavioral And Genetic Diversity During Dispersal: Analysis Of A Polymorphic Esterase Locus In Southern Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus Frontalis, L. Zack Florence, Paul C. Johnson, Jack E. Coster

Faculty Publications

Dispersal behavior of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in response to synthetic aggregating pheromone (frontalin) indicates an exponential decrease in response with distance from the site of emergence. Differential response during dispersal among genotypes at a polymorphic esterase locus was found by using starch gel electrophoresis. These differences produced allelic distributions that predict increased genetic diversity concurrent with increasing dispersal distance from the source population.

Understanding Color Infrared Photography, William H. Klein

eBooks

Color infrared aerial photography has wide application in many aspects of forest management but Its potential may not be fully realized because many users do not understand the color process and consequently how to properly interpret it. This paper takes the reader through the entire photographic process, beginning with the principles of light and ending with the final positive transparency. The step-by-step sequence is supplemented with colored illustrations and color and color infrared paired photographs. Once the process is understood, the prospective photo interpreter will be able to Independently deduce the actual color of any image on color Infrared film.

Mississippi Timber Removals - A Ten Year Presentation, G. H. Weaver, Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

Mississippi is a major producer of manufactured forest products, and most of the timber required by Mississippi's forest industry is produced and harvested within the State. A severance tax on timber harvested in Mississippi is paid to the Mississippi State Tax Commission, and annual reports of timber removals are prepared by the Commission.

Hop, Flutter, Crawl: Interpreting Insects For Children, David L. Kulhavy, Michael Legg

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Site Preparation On Survival And Growth Of Planted Loblolly Pine, John Gorham

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Effects of site preparation on survival and growth of planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on a loblolly-shortleaf pine-hardwood forest site in East Texas are examined by determining the survival and growth of planted loblolly pine, soil chemical characteristics, and density and height of competing (non-pine) woody stems. Three replications of four site preparation treatments (control, burn, chop, KG blade) resulted in the KG bladed plots having the highest survival, height, and diameter, but the lowest nutrient levels while, also, most effectively controlling competing vegetation. This tends to indicate that the advantages in the initial survival and growth on the …

Stand Age Analysis Of Timber On Mississippi’S Private Nonindustrial Forests, Steven H. Bullard, G. H. Weaver, Willem W. S. Van Hees

Faculty Publications

Most of the current pine timber acreage in Mississippi developed through the reversion of large acreages of agricultural cropland to forestry. Now that cropland retirement has ceased, management practices must provide· for pine regeneration on existing forest lands. Harvesting practices that remove higher-valued pine timber from private, nonindustrial pine lands have created large acreages of poorly stocked, low quality hardwood stands.

Timber Severance Taxes In Mississippi, Steven H. Bullard, G. H. Weaver

Faculty Publications

Timber severance tax collections exceeded 2 million dollars in 1978 and 1979. Severance tax revenues are divided 25% to the state's general fund, 25% to the county where the tax was collected, and 50% to support the forest resource development program.. AU severance tax rates are fixed on a per unit volume basis except on poles, piling, and post: which are taxed on a percentage of value basis.

Bedding As A Factor In The Survival And Total Height Of Two Year Old Planted Loblolly Pine Seedlings In East Texas, Edgar Wilkins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With an ever increasing demand placed on wood fiber supply by industry, it has become imperative that every feasible means be pursued which will increase the wood fiber production per acre of land on every plantsble site. With this in mind, this study was conducted in an attempt to determine the effect of bedding in intensive site preparation on the total height and survival of two year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda, L.) seedlings planted on bottomland and upland sites. Forty row (or lineal) plots 100 feet long were established on machine planted areas on bedded and unbedded, bottomland and …