Food Processing Commons^™

Legislative Suggestions On Formula Foods For Special Medical Purpose, Wang Linzhi, Wang Min, Liu Xuewu

Food and Machinery

From the perspective of the legislation of formula foods for special medical purposes, this paper analyzes its current legislation situation and existing problems, and describes its legislation significance. Based on this, t suggested to promote the democracy and scientificity of health care legislation by taking the following measures: insisting on the legislation idea of core value of health equity, widely collecting health rights and interests of people with special medical condition, following the medical ontology characteristics and demonstrating and assessing scientifically, etc.

Research Of The Cultural Significance And Modern Inheritance On Local Food, Ouyang Guohui, Guo Jia

Food and Machinery

In the context of the current national efforts to develop the rural leisure tourism industry based on the local culture and the willingness of the urban people to return to the local feelings, the current local food is facing the problem of being forgotten or even extinct, from the discussion of local food and rural culture. The paper analyzes the three cultural meanings of the ecological culture connotation, the historical and cultural connotation and the emotional connotation of the local food, and thinks and interprets the phenomenon of the green and cultural return of the modern food ecology, then puts …

Evaluation Of Dna Barcoding Methodologies For The Identification Of Fish Species In Cooked Products, Sophia J. Pollack, Michael D. Kawalek, Donna M. Williams-Hill, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

DNA barcoding is a powerful sequencing-based tool for the detection of fish species substitution. However, various cooking methods have the potential to reduce the quality and success of DNA sequencing. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of common cooking methods on DNA sequencing results with both full-length (655 bp) and mini-barcodes (208–226 bp), and to determine the optimal methodology to use for species identification of various fish products. Six types of fish (salmon, tuna, scad, pollock, swai and tilapia) were prepared in triplicate using the following methods: uncooked, baked, fried, broiled, acid-cooked, smoked and canned. DNA …

Analysis Of The Flow Behaviors Of Corn Meal During Extrusion, Daniel N. Hauersperger, Martin R. Okos, Troy Tonner

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Food extrusion can be used to make many products we consume today, including pasta, cereals and more. The ability to predict the characteristics of the final product from an extruder using raw material characteristics and operating conditions is vital to the extrusion process. In order to answer this need, the flow behavior of corn meal was measured in a lab viscometer (off-line) and compared to the flow behaviors from an extruder (in-line) at three different moisture contents (32.5%, 35%, 37.5% wet basis). The extruder and product are heated through the friction of the corn meal passing through the barrel not …

Investigation Of Low Cost Solar Drying Of Apricots For Tajikistan, Huimin Wang, Richard L. Stroshine Dr.

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Dried apricots are one of Tajikistan’s major export products. The country wants to expand its production in the southern region. However, the producers don’t have the expertise needed to produce dried apricots that meet the quality requirements of the European Union and other potential export markets. Local producers in southern Tajikistan would benefit from improvements in methods of applying sulfur and drying the apricots. This would allow them to gain a share of global markets. Methods that were studied include sulfur treatment prior to drying and approaches for rapidly drying the apricots while preventing contamination. Because the project has just …

The Effects Of Compaction On Reconstitution Characteristics Of Dairy Powder, Michelle P. Dixon, Rose Prabin Kingsly Ambrose, Dhananjay Ashok Pai

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Milk powders are becoming more ubiquitous within the food industry, and they offer consumers a convenient form for direct intake of dairy. The costs associated with dairy are reduced when products are converted to powder, which markedly increases shelf life at ambient temperatures. Creating compacts from powders further improves cost efficiency by reducing volume. However, milk powders typically possess poor rehydration properties, such as a slow dispersion rate and low solubility, and powder compaction additionally prolongs rehydration time, reducing consumer acceptability. Previous studies have shown that modifying dairy products before or during the drying process can improve rehydration properties, but …

Application Of X-Ray Imaging As A Technique For Fissure Detection In Rough Rice Kernels, Zephania R. Odek

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Fissured rice kernels break during milling, leading to head rice yield (HRY) reductions. Conventional fissure detection instruments cannot be used to observe fissures in rough rice kernels, the form in which rice in normally dried and stored. X-rays can penetrate hulls allowing visualization of the internal structure of a rough rice kernel. This study evaluated the capability of X-ray imaging to adequately detect fissures in rough rice and established a correlation between HRY and the fissured kernel percentage (FKP) in a rough rice sample. Fifteen long-grain rice cultivars, harvested in Arkansas in 2015 and 2016 were dried using heated air …

Validation Of Extrusion Processing For The Safety Of Low-Moisture Foods, Tushar Verma

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Salmonella in low-moisture foods is an emerging challenge due to numerous food product recalls and foodborne illness outbreaks. The new Food Safety Modernization Act requires the food processors to validate their process controls that indeed kills the desired number of bacteria. This research had two major objectives: 1) Develop a response surface model for Salmonella inactivation during the extrusion of low-moisture food 2) Evaluate the use of Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 as an adequate surrogate for Salmonella during the extrusion of low-moisture food. Oat flour was selected as a low-moisture food model. For inoculation, cocktail of five different strains of …

Factors Impacting Iron Transfer Into The Rice Kernel During Parboiling, Katherine Wilkes

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Efforts to deliver essential micronutrients through existing rice fortification methods are challenged by poor consumer acceptance of fortified rice, production costs, and equipment availability. Current research efforts seek to explore the potential of parboiling to improve nutrient delivery. This study investigates factors that affect iron transfer into the kernel endosperm via parboiling by evaluating the impact of varied milling durations, iron concentrations in the soaking water, and parboiling conditions upon iron penetration into the rice kernel. Long-grain rice grown in Arkansas was parboiled as rough, brown, and milled rice under various soaking and steaming temperature conditions. Visual quality of the …

Membranes For Food And Bioproduct Processing, Alexandru Marius Avram

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Modified membranes for process intensification in biomass hydrolysis

Production of biofuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass is one of the leading candidates for replacement of petroleum based fuels and chemicals. However, conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fuels and chemicals is not cost effective compared to the production of fuels and chemicals from crude oil reserves. Some novel and economically feasible approaches involve the use of ionic liquids as solvents or co-solvents, since these show improved solvation capability of cellulose over simple aqueous systems. Membranes offer unique opportunities for process intensification which involves fractionation of the resulting biomass hydrolysate leading to …

Phylogenetic Diversity Of The Bacterial Communities In Craft Beer, Lindsey Rodhouse

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The craft beer industry is increasing in popularity in the United States. The craft brewing process typically does not use a pasteurization step, therefore the boiling process is the primary critical control step. Any microorganisms introduced after boiling, or those that are not killed during boiling, are likely to participate in fermentation and persist in the final product. Previous culture-based studies have isolated bacteria and yeast from craft beers at specific time points, but little research has been done on the process as a whole. The objectives of this research are to (1) track bacteria development throughout the brewing process …

Natural Air Drying And Storage Of Soybean Seed And Implications On Germination Rates, Vigor, And Oil Quality, Zachary Young

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Recently introduced technology-comprising cables used for monitoring grain moisture content (MC) and temperature throughout the entire grain mass during drying offers a means to utilize low-temperature natural air-drying for soybean seed. From an electronic monitor and fan control standpoint, the new technology appears to be very promising for managing drying and storage conditions for soybean seed. The objectives for this study were to simulate conditions typically encountered in on-farm, in-bin drying systems and investigate impact of seed cultivar, temperature, moisture content and duration of storage on seed germination rates and vigor (electrical conductivity). In addition this research addresses the problem …

The Design Of Coconut Automatic Tapping Machine Base On Plc And Hooke Law, Cai Kuanqi, Chen Zhenbin, Zhang Jiahao, Liu Boyi

Food and Machinery

In order to solve the problem in the process of coconut juicing during labor consumption, inefficiency, wasting of coconut resources and other issues, we designed an automatic coconuts tapping machine based on the PLC combined with Hooke's Law, machine group and the cam spring link group release, and storage of potential energy regularly. With the studying by the transfer of coconut, opening and other processes, and completing the process of coconut punch awl periodic entry and exit, we also used PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) to make coconut opening efficiency visualized, feeding and opening of coconut during belt start-stop control. The …

Design Of Thered Jujube Pitting Machine And Simulation Analysis On Geneva Mechanism, Cao Jincao, Huang Xiaohua, Shi Zhengyuan, Huang Yawei, Qi Henan

Food and Machinery

Red jujube pitting machine is an automatic equipment which can pit abundant red jujube quickly. A type of red jujube pitting machine was designed in this study, this type of pitting machine could realize such functions: loading material, location, transportation, pitting, slicing and falling the material, and finally produced edible red jujube sheet. This study had designed the transmission system of the red jujube, and had analyzed the kinematics of the Geneva mechanism in the Pro/E, and improved the motion performance of the Geneva mechanism.

Optimization Of Deproteinization Technology On Chondroitin Sulfate With Sevag Method, Xu Suwen, Tan An, Jin Chenzhong, Hu Yihong

Food and Machinery

In order to promote the quality of chondroitin sulfate, Sevag reagent was used to deprotein the extraction of chondroitin sulfate through the single factor and the orthogonal tests to optimize the process of deproteinization. The optimal conditions were ratio of chloroform to isoamyl alcohol 21 (V/V), Sevag reagent dosage 1/2 fold compared with the volume of chondroitin sulfate extraction, treated for 25 min and repeated treatment for 3 times. The factors influenced the extraction in the order of ratio of chloroform to isoamyl alchohol,treatment time , treatment times, and Sevag reagent dosage. Under the optimal conditions, the retention rate of …

Inhibitory Effects Of L-Theanine On Α-Amylase And Trypsin, Yuan Dongyin, Long Jun, Gong Zhihua, Lin Ling, Zhou Yang, Peng Yingqi, Xiao Wenjun

Food and Machinery

The inhibitory effects of L-theanine on the activities of α-amylase and trypsin were studied by establishing the best reaction system and adopting research method on graph in order to provide reference for the deep development of L-theanine. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of L-theanine on both enzyme activities were positively associated with its concentration. IC₅₀ (26.078 mg/mL) of L-theanine on the activities of α-amylase was achieved by prewarming enzyme at a concentration of 0.018 mg/mL in the presence of L-theanine at 37 ℃ for 5 min before addition of 1% starch and allowing reaction to proceed for …

Analysis Of Glycosylated Casein In Whole Milk Powder, Sun Jingli, Li Linqiang, Zhu Lili, Tang Lu, Wu Yuan

Food and Machinery

This study investigated glycosylated casein in whole milk powder and explored its enzymatic property. The casein extraction weight percentage were determined by different pH, different acids, and different methods. The casein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and the glycosylated casein were identified via the method of periodate-schiff alkali dyeing and the experiment of morse. The casein was hydrolyzed by papain and the amino acid content was determined accordingly. Results: The percentage of casein extracted under pH 4.6 was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). The weight percentage of casein extracted from acetic acid (pH 3.58) was (4045±0.66)%, which was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). The percentage (46.13±0.46)% of casein extracted by tannic acid was significantly higher than that of other methods (P<0.05). The results of casein SDS-PAGE electrophoresis both showed the same 3 bands either different acids or different methods on casein extraction, and their molecular weights were 34, 24, and 60 ku, respectively, and the 34 and 24 ku were glycosylated casein by the method of periodate-schiff alkali dyeing. The results of morse experiment showed that milk powder casein exist glycosylated casein. The content of free amino acid from whole milk powder was significantly higher than that from fresh milk after papain hydrolysis (P<0.05). Whole milk powder has glycosylated casein, their molecular weights are 34 and 24 ku respectively, which are easy to hydrolysis.

Changes Of Organic Acids And Free Amino Acids In Fermentation Process Of Sichuan Bran Vinegar, Liu Fang, Zhang Naiying, Liu Shuliang, Ao Xiaolin

Food and Machinery

In order to investigate the changes of organic acids and free amino acid during fermentation process of Sichuan bran vinegar, 7 kinds of organic acids and 17 kinds of free amino acid content were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and automatic amino acid analyzer. The results showed that during fermentation process, acetic acid and lactic acid were the main organic acids of Sichuan bran vinegar, and the contents increased significantly. The contents of oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and succinic acid were low, and there was no obvious change. The contents of free amino acids …

Thermal Behavior And Decomposition Kinetics Of Nerol-Β-D-Glycoside, Lei Sheng, Zhao Yingliang, Yang Qianxu, Xia Jianjun, Ding Meiyu, Yang Xihong, Xie Wancui, Zhang Tiandong

Food and Machinery

Thermal decomposition was studied by DTA/SDTG to indicate the thermal degradation mechanism of a natural identifical flavor precursor of nerol-β-D-glucopyranoside. The heating rate was adapted of 5, 10, and 15 ℃/min in the temperature range from 30 to 500 ℃. The parameters were obtained by Friedman method and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method. The TG-DTG curves showed that with the increase of heating rate, the thermal degradation temperature was mainly determined by the heating rate B. Initial temperature of mass reduction was T₀=1.102 3B+199.4, and that at the maximum rate was T_p=2.102 3B+251.9. However, the final temperature of mass …

Screening And Identification Of Resistant Lactobacillus In Traditional Pickles, Liu Siyu, Xiao Jing, Suo Huayi

Food and Machinery

40 strains of actic acid bacteria isolated by traditional pickled cabbage were regarded as the object. Through the tests of acid resistance, anti gastric juice and bile salt resistance, actic acid bacteria with good resistance in traditional pickles were determined, using 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic tree to analyze the genus relationship of good resistance of lactic acid bacteria. The experimental results showed that MFR-28 and MFR-30 facing to artificial gastric juice and bile salt had a strong tolerance in 40 strains of actic acid bacteria, and survival rates in the artificial gastric juice were 85.21% and 90.47% respectively, and …

Thermal Process Pattern And Numerical Simulation Of Fen Liquor Fermentation In Underground Vats, Han Ying, Chen Jianxin

Food and Machinery

In order to understand the characteristics and mechanism of the thermal process of liquor fermentation system, which have great significance to the temperature control of the fermentation process and the mechanization of the fermentation system. The temperature distribution of fermented grains and the soil surrounding the cylinder are compared in different seasons. The process of biological heat generation and diffusion during the Fen liquor fermentation was confirmed. The temperature variation characteristics of fermented grains and heat conduction is the main mode of heat transfer in fermentation is determined. The important influence of temperature on the thermal process of fermentation is …

Isolation, Screening And Identification Of An Ethanol-Producing Bacterium, Chen Mengjuan, Zhou Hongli, Jiang Liwen, Deng Qingqing, Zhu Yunyi

Food and Machinery

From four kinds of Vitis davidii, widely planted in Hunan Province, an ethanol-producing bacterium named MUY3 was obtained from the surface of the rice grape by separation screening and identification. Its physiological and biochemical characteristics were investigated, including the cultivation of growth curve, assimilation test, methyl red test and high osmotic pressure test. Moreover, its 16S rDNA sequence was analyzed, and the phylogenetic tree analysis were used to identify this bacterium. The results showed that MUY3 was close to Enterobacter xiangfangensis and the similarity was 100%. Therefore, the strain was identified as Enterobacter xiangfangensis 10-17.

Contrastive Analysis Of Volatile Compounds From Fresh Adlay Seeds And Those With Off-Flavor, Yang Zhongquan, Kan Jianquan, Chen Guangjing, Xia Ji

Food and Machinery

Headspace-solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to analyze the volatile compounds of the fresh adlay seeds and those with off-flavor. The results showed: more than 85 of volatile compounds which belonged to distinct chemical families were analyzed. A total of 47 compounds in fresh adlay seeds were identified (including 12 alcohols, 11 aldehydes and ketones and 22 hydrocarbons), the major volatile components in fresh adlay seeds were (+)-Limonene, benzene, 2-pentyl furan, hexanal, 1-nonanal, n-octanal, 2-heptanone, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol and linalool; While, there were 58 compounds in adlay seeds with off-flavor (including 17 hydrocarbons, 8 …

Optimization Of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Process And Analysis Of Structural Properties On Bovine Bone Crude Collagen, Liu Lili, Li Dan, Yang Chenliu, Meng Yuanyuan, Dai Xiaoning

Food and Machinery

In this work, the enzymatic hydrolysis of bovine bone collagen was studied by pre-purified bone-specific collagenase (BSC). As evaluated in terms of degree of hydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis process was studied through single factor and quadratic general rotary unitized design experiments. The results showed that the optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: reaction temperature 46 ℃, the amount of bovine bone collagen 5.14 g/100 mL, the amount of BSC enzyme 0.42 g/100 mL, reaction time 6 h, pH 6.5. Under these conditions, the degree of hydrolysis value was 34.98%. The structural properties of bovine bone collagen and its hydrolysate were …

Comparison On Anti-Microbial Activities Of Six Kinds Of Teas Processed By The Same Raw Materials, Peng Yingqi, Long Jun, Lin Ling, Gong Zhihua, Yuan Dongyin, Zhou Yang, Xiao Wenjun

Food and Machinery

In order to study the anti-microbial effect of the six kinds of tea under the same processing raw materials, the spring tea fresh leaves of C.sinensis cv.Bixiangzao were processed into fixation of fresh leaves, green, yellow, dark, white, oolong, and black tea. The anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (B. subtilis), Escherichia coli（E. coli）, Aspergillus niger,（A. niger）, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) of 7 samples were determinded by the Oxford cup method. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 7 samples were determined by the method of two times dilution using the microplate of …

Growth And Distribution Of Microorganisms In The Production Of Green Bean Sprouts And Evaluation Of Disinfectant Treatment, Luo Xin, Fu Liang, Ha Otianyao, Fang Liangyue

Food and Machinery

The distribution of microbes in the process of green bean sprouts, and the treatment and effect of the two different types disinfectants were studied. The results showed that the total amount of microorganisms in the mung beans sprouts was 5.8 × 10⁷ CFU/g, and the microbial species were mainly Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter and Pseudomonas. The total amount of microorganisms in the mung bean sprouts was decreased to 1.0 × 10⁵ CFU/g when the effective chlorine concentration was 1 000～3 000 mg/L NaClO, while the model control group decreased to 1.0 × 10³ CFU/g. The effect of Ag …

Study On Detection Method For Ochratoxin A Based On Gold Nanoparticle And Aptamer, Lu Lei, Zhao Yangyang, Liu Renjie, Jin Yongdong, Guo Zhijun

Food and Machinery

A high sensitivity fluorescence detection method for ochratoxin A (OTA) based on OTA aptamers and gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) was established, which employed OTA aptamers as recognition element and AuNPs to quench the fluorescence emission from fluorescein. The results indicated that the detection limit is 10 nmol/L and a linear relationship between the fluorescent intensity ratio and the logarithm of OTA concentration was plotted in the range of 25～1 000 nmol/L (R²=0.991). The detection method showed high feasibility and reliability. Compared with traditional method, this method greatly improved the detection efficiency and provided technical support for more effective identification …

Uncertainty Analysis Of Determination Of Chloramphenicol Residue In Shrimp By Uplc-Ms/Ms Method, Li Tao, Zhou Yanhua, Yang Tao, Sun Guifang

Food and Machinery

In this paper, the Fapas ability was used to verify the chloramphenicol residues in shrimp meat by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and the uncertainty was evaluated. Uncertainty was given. First, a mathematical model for determining the uncertainty of chloramphenicol residues in shrimp was established, and then the source of uncertainty was analyzed. The uncertainty of the uncertainty was 0146 2 μg/kg (k = 2) when the chloramphenicol residues in the shrimp were 0.820 8 μg/ kg, and the results were in accordance with the Fapas ability test. Specify the scope. The results showed that the UPLC-MS / …

Simultaneous Determination Of The Content Of The Different Mercury Speciation In Aquatic Products By Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Coupled With Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction, Qiao Qing, He Bingbing, Wang Xiangjun, Li Chen, Liu Junhong

Food and Machinery

Ultrasonic assisted extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of mercury speciation in aquatic products. Using ultrasonic assisted extraction for sample in HCl + L- cysteine system, with 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate +0.10% L- cysteine buffer and methanol (982) system consisting of mobile phase, and detected the content of inorganic mercury and methyl mercury and ethyl mercury by high performance liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The detection limits (3S/N) of inorganic mercury, methyl mercury and ethyl mercury were 0.18, 0.09, 0.15 ng/mL, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R) of the …

Benazolin Residues Detection In Oil-Bearing Crops And Its Products, Chen Wenqing

Food and Machinery

A detection method was developed for benazolin residues in oil-bearing crops and its products. The oil-bearing crops and its products were extracted with acetonitrile saturated by n-hexane, degreased with n-hexane saturated by acetonitrile, and refined with Florisil SPE column in order to prepare test liquids. The test liquids were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector for getting the benazolin residues in oil-bearing crops and its products.The liner relation of benazolin was good and the correlation coefficient was 0.999.The recovery rates of benazolin were between 91.2%~122.7%. The variation coefficients were between 2.23%~816%. The limit of detection (LOD) of benazolin …