Food Biotechnology Commons^™

From Waste To Sustainability: Exploring Consumer Purchase Intentions Of Milk Enriched With Upcycled Peanut Skins, Peng Lu, Fan Xu, Jennifer Waldeck, Keith Weber, Hualu Zhou

Communication Faculty Articles and Research

Highlights

• National survey investigated consumer acceptance of milk enriched with upcycled peanut skins.
• Developed a conceptual model based on Technology Acceptance Model.
• Identified that consumer attitudes and emotions are essential in the purchase intentions of upcycled foods.
• Identified social influence as a determinator of consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions.
• Inform and advance research, practice, and policy that promotes upcycled food products.

Fish-Spec: Fast Identification System For Handheld Spectroscopy And Species Classification, Mitchell Sueker, Nicholas Mackinnon, Gregory Bearman, Amanda Tabb, Diane Kim, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Alireza Akhbardeh, Hamid Reza Marateb, Jianwei Qin, Moon Kim, Fartash Vasefi, Hossein Kashani Zadeh

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Accurate fish species identification is critical to prevent mislabeling and fraud in the seafood industry. We present a handheld multi-mode point spectroscopy system that combines fluorescence (365 and 395 nm excitation) and reflectance measurements in the visible to near-infrared (∼350–900 nm) and short-wave infrared (∼900–1700 nm) regions for rapid, non-destructive classification of fish fillets. Tissue spectra were acquired at 25 positions on 68 fillets from 11 species, in both frozen and thawed states. Feature-level fusion across all four modes enabled higher classification accuracy than any single mode alone. A global machine-learning model classified all species with 85 ± 2.8 %, …

Comparison Of Pcr-Based Methods For The Detection Of Canned Tuna Species, Chloe P. Castanon, Denise Hernandez, Akshay N. Khetrapal, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Canned tuna is susceptible to mislabeling due to its high consumer demand, complex global supply chains, and range of prices. DNA barcoding of a short fragment of the mitochondrial control region (CR), termed the CR mini-barcode, has been established as an effective method for tuna species identification. However, the high level of DNA degradation in canned tuna products reduces the effectiveness of this method. Therefore, this study aimed to compare CR mini-barcoding to targeted (i.e., real-time or multiplex) PCR-based methods to determine the most effective approach for canned tuna species identification. DNA was extracted in duplicate from 24 canned tuna …

Inactivation Of Escherichia Coli, Salmonella Enterica, And Listeria Monocytogenes Using The Contamination Sanitization Inspection And Disinfection (Csi-D) Device, Jennifer Mccoy Sanders, Vanessa Alarcon, Grace Marquis, Amanda Tabb, Jo Ann Van Kessel, Jakeitha Sonnier, Brad J. Haley, Insuck Baek, Jianwei Qin, Moon Kim, Fartash Vasefi, Stanislav Sokolov, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

The Contamination Sanitization Inspection and Disinfection (CSI-D) device is a handheld fluorescence-based imaging system designed to disinfect food contact surfaces using ultraviolet-C (UVC) illumination. This study aimed to determine the optimal CSI-D parameters (i.e., UVC exposure time and intensity) for the inactivation of the following foodborne bacteria plated on non-selective media: generic Escherichia coli (indicator organism) and the pathogens enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes. Each bacterial strain was spread-plated on non-selective agar and exposed to high-intensity (10 mW/cm²) or low-intensity (5 mW/cm²) UVC for 1–5 s. Control …

Dna Barcoding Methodologies For The Identification Of Fish Species In Cooked Products, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Books and Book Chapters

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding is a sequencing-based method that utilizes a standardized genetic region to identify species in combination with a reference database. DNA barcoding methodologies have been extensively applied to the identification of species in cooked seafood. While the typical genetic target associated with DNA barcoding is a ~650-bp region of the gene coding for cytochrome (cyt) c oxidase subunit I (COI), additional genetic targets include partial regions of the cyt b and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes. Most categories of cooked seafood can be identified using ~400- to 700-bp regions of these genes; however, canned seafood and …

Dna Barcoding Of Herbal Supplements On The U.S. Commercial Market Associated With The Purported Treatment Of Covid-19, Calin M. Harris, Diane Y. Kim, Chevon R. Jordan, Miranda I. Miranda, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased global use of traditional medicines, including Ayurvedic herbal preparations. Due to their growing demand, their processed nature, and the complexity of the global supply chain, there is an increased risk of adulteration in these products.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess the use of DNA barcoding for species identification in herbal supplements on the US market associated with the Ayurvedic treatment of respiratory symptoms.

Methods

A total of 54 commercial products containing Ayurvedic herbs were tested with four DNA barcoding regions (i.e., rbcL, matK, ITS2, and …

Evaluating Mislabeling Of Raw, Ready-To-Eat Seafood Products In Orange County, California, Courtney Kitch

Food Science (MS) Theses

Raw, ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood products have become increasingly popular globally, but they are vulnerable to species mislabeling and substitution. DNA barcoding allows for fish species identification by extracting, amplifying, and sequencing a standardized gene target. A wide variety of fish products have been studied with DNA barcoding, but notably missing are ceviche and poke, particularly in the United States. Sushi is known to be a target of mislabeling but has not been extensively studied in Orange County, CA. The objective of this study was to investigate species labeling and use of acceptable market names for sushi, poke, and ceviche sold …

Supplemental Data To The Impact Of Processing On The Content And Composition Of Extracellular Vesicles In Bovine Milk, John Miklavcic, Anna Paula Colella, Anuradha Prakash

Food Science Faculty Data Sets

This file contains supplemental data that will accompany the publication of an associated scientific research study exploring the effects of homogenization and heat treatment on the content and composition of extracellular vesicles in bovine milk.

Effectiveness Of Selected Pre-Enrichment Broths For The Detection Of Salmonella Spp. In Meat Analogs, Georgia L. Sampson, Shannon B. Ruelle, Lieuchi Phan, Donna Williams-Hill, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

With the increasing variety of meat analog products, it is important to verify that the methods used for Salmonella detection are effective. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of three pre-enrichment broths for the detection of Salmonella in meat analog burgers: the currently used Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) broth (lactose broth with Triton X-100, LB-T), universal pre-enrichment (UP) broth, and buffered peptone water (BPW). Five different meat analog products (coded A-E) were inoculated with Salmonella serotypes (S. Enteritidis or S. Agona) following the Food and Drug Administration Method Modification and Method Extension Criteria for Existing …

Identification Of Tuna Species In Raw And Processed Products Using Dna Mini-Barcoding Of The Mitochondrial Control Region, Jiahleen Roungchun, Amanda M. Tabb, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Accurate species identification methods are needed to combat tuna fraud, improve tuna stock regulation, and mitigate health risks associated with mislabeled tuna products. The objective of this study was to conduct a market survey of raw and processed tuna products using a DNA mini-barcoding system based on the mitochondrial control region (CR). A total of 80 samples of raw, dried, and canned tuna products were collected at the retail level for CR mini-barcoding analysis. The samples underwent DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and DNA sequencing of the 236-bp CR mini-barcode. The resulting sequences were searched against GenBank using the …

Authentication Of Red Snapper (Lutjanus Campechanus) Fillets Using A Combination Of Real-Time Pcr And Dna Barcoding, Rachel B. Isaacs, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) is a historically overfished and highly valued species that is commonly substituted with other fish, such as tilapia, rockfish, and other snapper species. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of real-time PCR to be used as a screening tool to rapidly test commercial fillets for the presence of red snapper, followed by species identification of negative samples with DNA barcoding. A total of 24 frozen, fresh, or thawed (previously frozen) fillets labeled as “red snapper” were tested with real-time PCR, along with 54 fillets from fish that are common substitutes …

Inspecting Species And Freshness Of Fish Fillets Using Multimode Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques, Jianwei Qin, Fartash Vasefi, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Alireza Akhbardeh, Rachel B. Isaacs, Ayse Gamze Yilmaz, Chansong Hwang, Insuck Baek, Walter F. Schmidt, Moon S. Kim

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

This study developed multimode hyperspectral imaging techniques to detect substitution and mislabeling of fish fillets. Line-scan hyperspectral images were collected from fish fillets in four modes, including reflectance in visible and nearinfrared (VNIR) region, fluorescence by 365 nm UV excitation, reflectance in short-wave infrared (SWIR) region, and Raman by 785 nm laser excitation. Fish fillets of six species (i.e., red snapper, vermilion snapper, Malabar snapper, summer flounder, white bass, and tilapia) were used for species differentiation and frozen-thawed red snapper fillets were used for freshness evaluation. A total of 24 machine learning classifiers were used for fish species and freshness …

Detection Of Fish Fillet Substitution And Mislabeling Using Multimode Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques, Jianwei Qin, Fartash Vasefi, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Alireza Akhbardeh, Rachel B. Isaacs, Ayse Gamze Yilmaz, Chansong Hwang, Insuck Baek, Walter F. Schmidt, Moon S. Kim

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Substitution of high-priced fish species with inexpensive alternatives and mislabeling frozen-thawed fish fillets as fresh are two important fraudulent practices of concern in the seafood industry. This study aimed to develop multimode hyperspectral imaging techniques to detect substitution and mislabeling of fish fillets. Line-scan hyperspectral images were acquired from fish fillets in four modes, including reflectance in visible and near-infrared (VNIR) region, fluorescence by 365 nm UV excitation, reflectance in short-wave infrared (SWIR) region, and Raman by 785 nm laser excitation. Fish fillets of six species (i.e., red snapper, vermilion snapper, Malabar snapper, summer flounder, white bass, and tilapia) were …

Microplate Immunocapture Coupled With The 3m Molecular Detection System And Selective Plating For The Rapid Detection Of Salmonella Infantis In Dry Dog Food And Treats, Danielle K. Rosen, Miguel Gallardo, Mcclain Vail, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

The objective of this study was to use microplate immunocapture (IC) to reduce the enrichment time required for detection of Salmonella in pet food with the 3 M Molecular Detection System (MDS) or selective plating on XLD. Dog food and pig ear treats were inoculated with Salmonella Infantis at concentrations of 10⁰–10⁴ CFU/25 g, followed by a 3-h enrichment, then microplate IC and 3 M MDS or microplate IC and selective plating on XLD. Another set of samples underwent a traditional 24-h enrichment followed by 3 M MDS or selective plating. Based on the results of three …

Pcr Cloning Combined With Dna Barcoding Enables Partial Identification Of Fish Species In A Mixed-Species Product, Anthony J. Silva, Michael D. Kawalek, Donna M. Williams-Hill, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

DNA barcoding is a valuable tool for regulatory identification of fish species; however, it does not perform well when multiple species are present within the same food product. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the use of PCR cloning to identify fish in a mixed-species product that cannot be identified with standard DNA barcoding. A total of 15 fish ball mixtures were prepared with known amounts of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus). Three subsamples from each fish ball underwent DNA extraction, full DNA barcoding (655 bp), and mini-barcoding (226 …

Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Stipe Peptides As In-Vitro Radical Scavenging, Ferrous Iron Chelating, & Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Compounds, Suraj Meharwade

Food Science (MS) Theses

Ferrous iron chelating, ABTS radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant activity of mushroom stipe peptides obtained using Protamex® and V8 protease has not been investigated. Additionally, the effects of peptides on protein carbonyl formation during myofibrillar oxidation is unknown. Oxidation of lysine, arginine, and proline in myofibrillar protein from red meat results in reduced meat quality owing to changes in water composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant performance of <1 kDa and 1-3 kDa mushroom peptides obtained by Protamex®-V8 hydrolysis against mushroom hydrolysate, mushroom protein, and mushroom stipe for radical scavenging, ferrous chelating, and ferric reducing activity, as well as their effects on protein carbonyl formation within a protein oxidation system. <1 kDa peptides exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) in-vitro ferrous iron chelating activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity as compared to mushroom stipe and 1-3 kDa peptides. Whereas, 1-3 kDa peptides demonstrated significantly …

Labeling Compliance And Species Authentication Of Fish Fillets Sold At Grocery Stores In Southern California, Priscila Liou, Angela Banda, Rachel B. Isaacs, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Seafood mislabeling has numerous consequences, including economic deception and food safety risks. The focus of this study was to investigate fish species labeling, use of acceptable market names, and Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) compliance for fresh fish fillets sold at grocery store seafood counters in Southern California. A total of 120 fillets representing 16 different categories of fish were collected from 30 Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act (PACA)-listed grocery stores. Each sample underwent DNA barcoding to identify the species. Acceptable market names were confirmed using the FDA Seafood List. Samples were determined to be compliant with COOL if both …

Multi-Instrument Evaluation Of A Real-Time Pcr Assay For Identification Of Atlantic Salmon: A Case Study On The Use Of A Pre-Packaged Kit For Rapid Seafood Species Identification, Amanda A. Naaum, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Tara A. Okuma, Robert H. Hanner

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Protecting the seafood supply chain from species substitution is critical for economic, health, and conservation reasons. DNA-based methods represent an effective means to detect species substitution, but current methods can be time consuming or costly, and require specialized instruments and operators. Real-time PCR provides an alternative that can be performed quickly, and in some cases even on-site. The use of commercial kits reduces the expertise required by the operator and therefore increases accessibility to testing. This potentially increases the likelihood of adoption into the supply chain, but only if the kits are robust across multiple operators, instruments, and samples. In …

Concentration Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Skim Milk And Soft Cheese Through Microplate Immunocapture, Steven A. Rogers, Melissa Calicchia, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Microplate immunocapture is an inexpensive method for the concentration of foodborne pathogens using an antibody-coated microplate. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of microplate immunocapture as an alternative to traditional enrichment for concentrating Listeria monocytogenes to levels detectable with selective plating or real-time PCR. L. monocytogenes isolates serologically characterized as Type 1 (1/2a) and Type 4 (untypeable) were grown overnight and diluted to 10⁰ to 10⁶ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. The isolates were used to optimize microplate immunocapture in tryptic soy broth with 0.6% yeast extract (TSBYE), skim milk, and queso fresco samples. Following …

Postharvest Quality And Physiology Of ‘Fuji’ Apples Subjected To Phytosanitary Irradiation, Nasim Kheshti, Alan Baquero, Anderson Melo, Anuradha Prakash

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Irradiation is an effective treatment to sterilize and destroy insect pests on fresh fruit. It serves as an alternative to cold treatment and to fumigation which are time consuming and ozone depleting, respectively. In this study, the postharvest quality of Fuji apples was evaluated after irradiation at 400 Gy and 800 Gy. The quality of the apples which were stored at 1˚C for 7 days to mimic ground transportation and distribution and then at ambient temperature for another 7 days to mimic retail storage and consumer use, was assessed. Irradiation caused an immediate decrease in firmness by 12% at 400 …

Identification Of Meat And Poultry Species In Food Products Using Dna Barcoding, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Brenda C. Hernandez, Eduardo L. Hernandez

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

DNA barcoding is a promising method for the sequencing-based identification of meat and poultry species in food products. However, DNA degradation during processing may limit recovery of the full-length DNA barcode from these foods. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of DNA barcoding to identify species in meat and poultry products and to compare the results of full-length barcoding (658 bp) and mini-barcoding (127 bp). Sixty meat and poultry products were collected for this study, including deli meats, ground meats, dried meats, and canned meats. Each sample underwent full and mini-barcoding of the cytochrome c oxidase …

Particular Applications Of Food Irradiation Fresh Produce, Anuradha Prakash

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

On fresh fruits and vegetables, irradiation at low and medium dose levels can effectively reduce microbial counts which can enhance safety, inhibit sprouting to extend shelf-life, and eliminate or sterilize insect pests which can serve to facilitate trade between countries. At the dose levels used for these purposes, the impact on quality is negligible. Despite the fact that regulations in many countries allow the use of irradiation for fresh produce, the technology remains under-utilized, even in the light of an increase in produce related disease outbreaks and the economic benefits of extended shelflife and reduced food waste. Putative concerns about …

Comparison Of Real-Time Pcr And Elisa-Based Methods For The Detection Of Beef And Pork In Processed Meat Products, Adam T. Perestam, Kayleigh K. Fujisaki, Omar Nava, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Two commonly used methodologies for species detection within processed meat products are real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a DNA-based method, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a protein-based method. In this study, a real-time PCR assay was compared to a commercial ELISA kit based on sensitivity, specificity, agreement among duplicate samples, cost, time, and ease of use. Fifteen reference samples containing known percentages (0.1–99.9%, w/w) of pork and beef were analyzed in duplicate using both methods. Thirty commercial products, including sausages, pet treats, and canned meats, were also tested in duplicate with each method. Reference sample analysis showed real-time PCR was …

Use Of The Mitochondrial Control Region As A Potential Dna Mini-Barcoding Target For The Identification Of Canned Tuna Species, Jacquelyn K. Mitchell, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

In this study, a DNA mini-barcoding methodology was developed for the differentiation of species commonly found in canned tuna. Primers were designed to target a 236-base pair (bp) fragment of the mitochondrial control region (CR) and a 179-bp fragment of the first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the ability to differentiate 13 tuna species on the basis of the CR mini-barcode, except in a few cases of species introgression. Supplementary use of ITS1 allowed for differentiation of introgressed Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga), while differentiation of introgressed Atlantic …

Dna Barcoding Reveals Mislabeling Of Game Meat Species On The U.S. Commercial Market, Charles Quinto, Rebecca Tinoco, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Game meats represent a valuable specialty market in the United States that has high economic incentives associated with mislabeling. However, there is limited information on this topic. The purpose of this study was to conduct a market survey of game meats sold within the United States and identify instances of mislabeling using DNA barcoding. Products were also examined for the presence of threatened or endangered species. Fifty-four samples of whole-cut game meats were collected from online distributors in the United States and sequenced across a 658 base-pair region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The resulting DNA …

Identification Of Meat Species In Pet Foods Using A Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) Assay, Tara A. Okuma, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Product mislabeling, adulteration, and substitution are increasing concerns in highly processed foods, including pet foods. Although regulations exist for pet foods, there is currently a lack of information on the prevalence of pet food mislabeling. The objective of this study was to perform a market survey of pet foods and pet treats marketed for domestic canines and felines to identify meat species present as well as any instances of mislabeling. Fifty-two commercial products were collected from online and retail sources. DNA was extracted from each product in duplicate and tested for the presence of eight meat species (bovine, caprine, ovine, …

A Dna Mini-Barcoding System For Authentication Of Processed Fish Products, Shadi Shokralla, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Sara M. Handy, Ian King, Mehrdad Hajibabaei

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Species substitution is a form of seafood fraud for the purpose of economic gain. DNA barcoding utilizes species-specific DNA sequence information for specimen identification. Previous work has established the usability of short DNA sequences—mini-barcodes—for identification of specimens harboring degraded DNA. This study aims at establishing a DNA mini-barcoding system for all fish species commonly used in processed fish products in North America. Six mini-barcode primer pairs targeting short (127–314 bp) fragments of the cytochrome c oxidase I (CO1) DNA barcode region were developed by examining over 8,000 DNA barcodes from species in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration …

Detection And Identification Of Salmonella Enterica, Escherichia Coli, And Shigella Spp. Via Pcr-Esi-Ms: Isolate Testing And Analysis Of Food Samples, Sarah E. Pierce, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Chorng-Ming Cheng, Kai-Shun Chen, Donna M. Williams-Hill, William B. Martin, Marc W. Allard

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

An assay to identify the common food-borne pathogens Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Listeria monocytogenes was developed in collaboration with Ibis Biosciences (a division of Abbott Molecular) for the Plex-ID biosensor system, a platform that uses electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) to detect the base composition of short PCR amplicons. The new food-borne pathogen (FBP) plate has been experimentally designed using four gene segments for a total of eight amplicon targets. Initial work built a DNA base count database that contains more than 140 Salmonella enterica, 139 E. coli, 11 Shigella, and 36 Listeria patterns and 18 other Enterobacteriaceae organisms. …