Food Science Commons^™

Research Progress Of Quality Detection Methods For Donkey-Hide Gelatin And Its Products, Lin Xiao-Yi, Li Gen, Wang Feng-Yu, Chen Yu

Food and Machinery

This paper summarizes the current related gelatin and its products identification, quality evaluation of the research progress of methods and techniques, including the spectrometry, electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, polymerase chain reaction and DNA barcode technology, and discusses the problems and limitations in the current onkey-hide gelatin products detection technology, The development prospect of the technique is summarized and prospect.

Advances In Effects Of Physical Field Pretreatment On Starch Modification And Its Multi-Scale Structure, Li Guang-Yao, Li Lin-Bo, Yang Tian-You, Wang Bao-Shi, Zhang Ming-Xia

Food and Machinery

In this paper, the applications of new physical fields such as ultrasonic field, microwave field and electric field in starch modification and the changes of starch multi-scale structure were reviewed, and the future green and safe production direction of modified starch was prospected. It is pointed out that electron beam radiation has important application potential in dry modification of starch. Exploring the influence law and mechanism of multi-scale structure of irradiated starch is helpful to promote the green and intelligent manufacture of modified starch.

Research Progress Of Superheated Steam Drying Technology, Li Shao-Bin, Fang Ting, Su Huang-Jie, Liu Bin-Xiong

Food and Machinery

This paper reviews the research progress of different superheated steam drying equipment from two aspects of energy efficiency and product quality. Discussed the development status and potential of the superheated steam drying system in different drying equipment, including the fluidized bed dryer, vacuum dryer, rotary dryer, flash dryer, impact dryer, etc. .

Research Progress Of Phase Change Cold Storage Materials And Their Application In Cold Storage, Sun Jin-Tao, Xie Jing

Food and Machinery

Using a combination of research literature review and actual cases, the characteristics of phase change materials and the refrigeration principle of cold storage with phase change materials were analyzed, and their respective advantages were fully utilized in practical applications to achieve a more ideal effect.

Progress On Utilization Of Bamboo Shoot By-Products And Functional Components, Tang Jiao-Jiao, Li Ke, Zhang Zhi-Xin, Zheng Shi-Lin, Li Zong-Jun, Tong Guang-Xiang

Food and Machinery

The functional components of bamboo shoot by-products, such as bamboo shoots pre-cooking water, bamboo shoot juice, bamboo shoot roots in polysaccharide, sterol, free amino acids, dietary fiber,polyphenols extraction method of optimization were summarized. The function mechanism research was reviewed in detail, putting forward the future by-products from the processing of bamboo shoot development direction in basic research and applied research. It is expected to provide a reference for the utilization of bamboo shoot resources.

Analysis Of Functional Composition、 Antioxidant Activity And Their Correlation In Stem, Leaf And Flower From Dendrobium Officinale, Tang Wen-Wen, Xia Jun-Li, Chen Yuan

Food and Machinery

Objective: To strengthen the comprehensive utilization of Dendrobium officinale（D. officinale） resources. Methods: The functional composition, antioxidant activity and their pearson correlation analysis of D. officinale stem, leaf and flower were studied and compared. Results: The results showed that the contents of 4 main functional components and antioxidant activity were significantly different between the stem, leaf and flower from D. officinale, the polysaccharide of leaf and flower were lower than that observed in stem: Stem（31.00%）＞Leaf（15.04%）＞Flower（8.11%）; However, compared with stem, the total flavonoid, total polyphenol and total alkaloids contents of leaf and flower were much higher. The results of DPPH, ABTS, FRAP …

Main Experience And Enlightenment Of American Food Facts Up Front Labeling, Huang Ze-Ying, Huang Bei-Xun

Food and Machinery

The materials and information about Facts up Front labeling from the official website were collected. The practice experience was summarized in terms of the characteristics, types, comparison to the base case of a similar FOP labels, and comparison of implementation effects with other FOP labels. Consequently some advices were provided to start and develop the FOP labeling in China.

Study On Quality Control Of Edible Areca During Shelf Life, Li Liang-Yi, Pan Fei-Bing, Zhou Wen-Hua, Qian Xin, Wang You-Ren, Mo Hua

Food and Machinery

Objective： The reasons for the brining and whitening of the edible betel nut were investigated. Methods: conducts research and analysis by collecting patents related to edible betel nut brine between 2000 and 2020, as well as related factory cases. Results: In the preparation process of edible betel nut brine, the particle size of raw materials, the temperature and humidity of the environment, the moisture content in the sample and the automation of the equipment may cause the edible betel nut to return to brine and white. Conclusion: In the processing of areca nuts, the methods of strictly controlling water content, …

Physicochemical And Microstructural Characterization Of Whey Protein Films Formed With Oxidized Ferulic/Tannic Acids, Yaosong Wang, Youling L. Xiong

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Protein-based biodegradable packaging films are of environmental significance. The effect of oxidized ferulic acid (OFA)/tannic acid (OTA) on the crosslinking and film-forming properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) was investigated. Both of the oxidized acids induced protein oxidation and promoted WPI crosslinking through the actions of quinone carbonyl and protein sulfhydryl, and amino groups. OTA enhanced the tensile strength (from 4.5 MPa to max 6.7 MPa) and stiffness (from 215 MPa to max 376 MPa) of the WPI film, whereas OFA significantly increased the elongation at break. The water absorption capability and heat resistance of the films were greatly improved …

Irradiation Reduces Superficial Scald By Downregulating Ethylene And Α-Farnesene Biosynthetic Enzymes In ‘Granny Smith’ Apples, Anderson Adriano Martins Melo, Anderson Adriano Martins Melo, Paul Nifemi Olabode, Hagop Atamian, Brian Nyakundi, Criselda Toto Pacioles, Anuradha Prakash

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Superficial scald is a postharvest disorder of apples related to increased ethylene production in stored fruit which leads to α-farnesene accumulation and oxidation. Ionizing irradiation inhibits ethylene production and has been shown to reduce superficial scald, but this phenomenon has not been explored at the molecular level. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of irradiation on gene expression of enzymes related to ethylene and α-farnesene in ‘Granny Smith’ apples. Irradiation at 310 Gy controlled scald severity and incidence and inhibited the rise in AFS1 expression up to 90 d of cold storage followed by 7 d …

Rice From Paddy To Pantry To Plate: Mitigating Rice Blast Disease With Saponins Of Medicago, Improving Shelf Life With Crispr, And Exploring Global Cuisine Through Text Analysis, Kathryn Haydon

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rice is the staple food for more than half the world’s population, with nearly 500 million metric tons of rice consumed globally every year. Any risk of loss due to disease, waste, or spoilage is therefore noteworthy. This dissertation explores the passage of rice from paddy to pantry to plate, with special attention given to disease and storage life. The most important disease of rice is blast, caused by the ascomycete Magnaporthe oryzae, which can cause losses of ~30% every year. This study found that saponin-enriched root extracts of Medicago truncatula effectively kill fungal spores in vitro and reduce moderate …

Tiparet Biomorfologjike Në Lipjan Dhe Struktura Gjenetike E Tyre, Albulena Tasholli

Theses and Dissertations

Për të vërejtur përhapjen e cilësive biomorfologjike në komunën e Lipjanit, kemi marr

mostrat nga komuna e Lipjanit si dhe nga fshatrat e Lipjanit si: Gadime, Janjevë, Shalë.

Këto cilësi janë grumbulluar duke bërë intervistimin e familjeve në qytetin e Lipjanit dhe fshatrat e përmendura.

Si cilësi biomorfologjike të përfshira në këtë studim janë: Sy zi ose kaltër, lobi i veshit i lirë ose i ngjitur, gjuhë e tubosur ose jo e tubosur, krahu i majtë mbi të djathtin ose i djathti mbi të majtin, gishti i djathtë i madh i dorës mbi të majtin dhe anasjelltas, gishti tregues më …

Understanding The Roles Of Nutrient-Niche Dynamics In Clostridioides Difficile Colonization In Human Microbiome Colonized Minibioreactors, Xiaoyun Huang

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive pathogen that is one of the most common causes of health care-associated infections in the U.S. Because of its importance to human health, researchers are trying to understand risk factors for infection and identify new therapies to treat disease. A “healthy” gut microbiome has the ability to protect the host against colonization of C. difficile or other pathogens by providing colonization resistance. One proposed mechanism for colonization resistance is through competition for nutrients with pathogens by the members of the healthy microbiome. We tested whether competition for nutrients was important for colonization resistance in human …

The Differences Of Prokaryotic Pan-Genome Analysis On Complete Genomes And Simulated Metagenome-Assembled Genomes, Tang Li

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Metagenomic assembly is often used in microbiome research. In metagenomic assembly, contigs are binned based on the shared nucleotide composition. These contig bins are called metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), each representing a unique bacterial genome recovered from metagenome sequencing. Hundreds of thousands of high-quality MAGs of various ecological environments have been published since 2017, and increasingly more MAGs are being used in pan-genome analyses where unculturable species or species without reference genomes are studied in microbiome research. However, compared to the traditional pan-genome analysis that uses isolate genomes (from a pure strain isolated from a mixed bacterial population), it is not …

Investigating The Prevalence And Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Food Facilities, Cyril Nsom Ayuk Etaka

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Small and very small food facilities in the ready-to-eat food industry face difficulties complying with the Food Safety Modernization Act-Preventive Controls for Human Food rule (FSMA-PCHF). This regulation highlights the need for sanitation to control environmental pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes. The main goal of this project was to investigate the prevalence and control of Listeria monocytogenes in food facilities. This study provides technical assistance to facilities to comply with the PCHF rule and addresses sanitation alternatives for food contact surfaces like aqueous ozone.

First, the prevalence of Listeria spp and L. monocytogenes in small and very small food manufacturing …

Developing A Lab-Scale Fluidized Bed Dryer System To Enhance Rough Rice Drying Process, Kaushik Luthra

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

For more than half of the world's population, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple meal. However, rice growers encounter difficulties supplying this demand, particularly in developing nations, where rice is susceptible to spoilage if the moisture content is not lowered to a safe level soon after harvest. As a result, traditional drying methods, such as sun drying and natural air drying, are commonly used by rice growers, particularly in underdeveloped nations. However, these procedures are time-consuming and can lead to rice spoilage. On the other hand, fluidized bed drying is a well-established technology that might give rice growers a …

Crisis Communication, Anticipated Food Scarcity, And Food Preferences: Preregistered Evidence Of The Insurance Hypothesis, Michal Folwarczny, Jacob D. Christensen, Norman P. Li, Valdimar Sigurdsson, Tobias Otterbring

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Whereas large-scale consumption of energy-dense foods contributes to climate change, we investigated whether exposure to climate change-induced food scarcity affects preferences toward these foods. Humans? current psychological mechanisms have developed in their ancestral evolutionary past to respond to immediate threats and opportunities. Consequently, these mechanisms may not distinguish between cues to actual food scarcity and cues to food scarcity distant in time and space. Drawing on the insurance hypothesis, which postulates that humans should respond to environmental cues to food scarcity through increased energy consumption, we predicted that exposing participants to climate change-induced food scarcity content increases their preferences toward …

The Persistence Of Human Norovirus Surrogate In Leafy Greens Production System, Wenjun Deng

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Since mostly consumed raw, foodborne pathogen contamination of leafy greens has led to a large number of foodborne disease outbreaks and illnesses each year in the United States. Human noroviruses (hNoV) are the most common viral pathogen transmitted by leafy greens. In this dissertation, the persistence of the hNoV surrogate Tulane virus (TV) on pre-harvest lettuce and microgreens was investigated. Lettuces are the most studied leafy green model, while previous hNoV research has mainly focused on the post-harvest stage of production. Here, pre-harvest hydroponically grown lettuce were used to determine TV persistence on leafy greens. After inoculation on leaves at …

Enhancement Of Dry-Aged Beef Quality By Dietary Supplementation Of High Levels Of Vitamin E, David Manuel Velazco Marroquin

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Crossbred cattle (n = 150; 10/pen) were grain-finished with the dietary addition of 2,200 international units of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) per head per day for 100 days. One low-Choice carcass (n = 12) was selected, and strip loins were collected. Low Choice control carcasses (n = 12) were randomly selected from commercial, fed-cattle production to serve as controls. Strip loins were randomly assigned to wet or dry aging for 42 days. On day 42, control dry-aged and control wet-aged loins had the highest TBARS values and vitamin E wet and dry-aged loins had lower TBARS values ( …

1h-Cyclopropabenzene And 1h-Cyclopropa[B]Naphthalene Fumigation Downregulates Ethylene Production And Maintains Fruit Quality Of Controlled Atmosphere Stored ‘Granny Smith’ Apple, Vijay Y. Tokala, Zora Singh, Poe N. Kyaw

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The ‘Granny Smith’ is a commercial apple cultivar in Western Australia and popular in the apple world as well, for its unique green colour and flavour. The effects of two new ethylene antagonists namely 1H-cyclopropabenzene (BC) and 1H-cyclopropa[b]naphthalene (NC), as well as 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on ethylene production, rates of respiration and fruit quality were investigated in controlled atmosphere (CA) stored ‘Granny Smith’ apple. The apple fruit were fumigated with 1 μM BC (0.09 μL.L−1) or 1 μM NC (0.14 μL.L−1) or 18 μM (1 μL.L−1) 1-MCP for 18 h at room temperature (20 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 5% …

Handling Of Spurious Sequences Affects The Outcome Of High-Throughput 16s Rrna Gene Amplicon Profiling, Sandra Reitmeier, Thomas C. A. Hitch, Nicole Treichel, Nikolaos Fikas, Bela Hausmann, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Klaus Neuhaus, David Berry, Dirk Haller, Ilias Lagkouvardos, Thomas Clavel

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing is a popular approach for studying microbiomes. However, some basic concepts have still not been investigated comprehensively. We studied the occurrence of spurious sequences using defined microbial communities based on data either from the literature or generated in three sequencing facilities and analyzed via both operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) approaches. OTU clustering and singleton removal, a commonly used approach, delivered approximately 50% (mock communities) to 80% (gnotobiotic mice) spurious taxa. The fraction of spurious taxa was generally lower based on ASV analysis, but varied depending on the gene region targeted …

Research Progress On The Mechanism Of Seaweed Dietary Fiber In Improving Inflammatory Bowel Disease （Ibd）, Cao Jun-Han, Lin Peng-Cheng, Wang Yan-Feng, Miao Jin-Lai, Xie Wan-Cui

Food and Machinery

Based on the inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） experimental model in dietary fiber in seaweed, we summarized its function in protecting intestinal mucosal barrier and host immune system, and emphasized its direct mechanism of inhibiting immune cell infiltration, regulating oxidative stress level, protecting antioxidant defense system, regulating intestinal tight junction protein and balancing inflammatory factors level. The indirect mechanism of intestinal microbiota mediated Short chain fatty acids （SCFA） targeting IBD protection was also discussed, and the research direction of dietary fiber in seaweed in the improvement mechanism of IBD and other intestinal diseases was proposed.

Review Of Indica Post-Ripening On The Qualities Of Rice Noodle, Mo Xi-Ya, Yi Cui-Ping, Zhu Hong, Li Cai-Yun

Food and Machinery

The quality changes of rice noodles during indica post-ripening were reviewed, and the physicochemical properties of related indica rice flour, including pasting properties, textural properties and hydration properties, were also analyzed. In addition, the correlation between the structure of starch, protein and lipid macromolecules among their interactions with the qualities of noodles was also summarized. This review will supply the theoretical basis for the quality stability of rice-based products, especially rice noodles.

Multi-Scale Structural Changes And Slowly Digestible Starch Formation Of Cold-Chain Cooked Rice, Wang Li-Li, Zhao Si-Ming, Lin Qin-Lu, Cheng Yun-Hui, Zhou Meng-Zhou, Zhang Bin-Jia

Food and Machinery

The digestion results showed that a short-term (1 d) refrigeration allowed a significant increase in the content of slowly digestible starch by about 40%. As inspected by combined techniques such as small angle X-ray scattering, the short-term storage reduced the micron scale pore size, and allowed starch and protein chain reassembly into relatively flawed structures such as short-range orders, long-range starch crystallites and nonperiodic nanostructure; these structural changes resulted in the formation of structural domains with slowly digestible features. However, further prolonging the storage time strengthened the perfection of the reassembled structures, thus transforming partial slowly digestible fractions and negligibly …

Effect Of Dynamic High-Pressure Micro-Fluidization Treatment On Physicochemical And Structural Properties Of Square Bamboo Shoots Dietary Fiber, Tang Cai-Die, Zhang Fu-Sheng, Yang Jin-Lai, Wu Liang-Ru, Zheng Jiong

Food and Machinery

To explore the effect on the physicochemical and structural properties of thebamboo shoots dietary fiber （BSDF）, square bamboo shoots dietary fiber was used toas raw material to obtain BSDF with different pressure （0, 50, 100, 150, 200 MPa） by dynamic high pressure micro-fluidization （DHPM） treatment. Results showed that as the treatment pressure increases, the particle size of BSDF firstly increased and then decreased. When the treatment pressure was up to 150 MPa, the particle size reached the minimum （370±11） nm. The water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and swelling capacity reached the maximum, which were increased by 47.74%, 50.54% and …

Effects Of Microwave On The Structural And Functional Properties Of Dietary Fibers From Different Sources, Luo Sun-Jing, Xie Liang, Xiong Shao-Bai, Yang Rong, Chen Ting-Ting, Deng Li-Ping, Liu Cheng-Mei

Food and Machinery

The microwave was used to modify the dietary fibers (DFs) in sweet potato pomace, apple pomace, and soybean pomace. The changes in the structural properties of three kinds of DFs by microwave were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the functional properties, including water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, cholesterol adsorption capacity and nitrite ions adsorption capacity, were evaluated in this study. The results showed that microwave was an excellent modification method that could expose the accessibility margin, increase crystallinity, strengthen thermal stability, and improve the functional properties of three dietary fibers to varying degrees. …

Maslinic Acid Protects Against Lps-Induced Inflammatory Response In Raw264.7 Cells By Regulating Phosphorylation Of Stat3, Yue Cai-Xia, Chen Lei, Wang Wen-Kui, Li Gui-Lan, Hu Yong-Ting

Food and Machinery

In the paper, the protective effect of maslinic acid (MA) on LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells was investigated, and its inhibition of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, a signal transducer and activator, was also explored. NO generation was measured by Griess method. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. The relative expression of iNOS, p-STAT3, p-JAK2 and SOCS3 were determined by Western blot. The release of reactive oxygen (ROS) was evaluated using DCFH-DA fluorescence. Results showed that MA could significantly inhibit the NO generation and the production of ROS. MA also decreased the releases of IL-6 …

Study On Regularities Of Medicinal Diet Recipes For Improving Spleen Deficiency Based On Data Mining, Cai Wen-Jing, Zheng Hui, Zheng Tao, Zeng Yi-Qiong, Li Wei-Zheng, Yang Yong

Food and Machinery

To explore the regularity of medicine diet recipes for improving spleen deficiency in the dictionary of Chinese medicinal diet by using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS) (V2.5). It is intended to provide a new way of thinking for developing new prescriptions for Chinese medicine health food-related to spleen deficiency, such as promoting digestion, enhancing immunity, anti-oxidation, relieving physical fatigue and improving sleep. The medicinal diet recipes for improving spleen deficiency in the Dictionary of Chinese Medicinal Diet were collected, and the TCMISS（V2.5）was used for frequency analysis, association rule analysis and entropy hierarchical cluster analysis. Result: A total …

Screening And Identification Of A Strain Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae And Its Characteristics, Xiang Li-Ping, Fan Bin-Qiang, Yang Zhi-Long, Wu Qiang, Yu You-Gui

Food and Machinery

Based on the problems of high acidity and high residual sugar content in the process of strong-flavor liquor production, the yeast in medium and high temperature Daqu was preliminarily identified by plate streaking purification, WL medium morphology observation and microscope observation. Then, the yeasts with strong acid resistance and alcohol production ability were screened by TTC medium staining and differential acidity medium, and the molecular biology identification, biological characteristics and fermentation test of fermented grains were carried out. The results showed that the strain dq1 screened in medium and high temperature Daqu had strong growth activity at pH 3.0, and …

Effects Of Origin On The Compositions Of Essential Oil From Fresh Aril Of Torreya Grandis Cv. Merrilli Prepared By Hydro-Distillation, Zhu Hai-Dong, Zeng Mao-Mao, He Zhi-Yong, Qin Fang, Chen Jie

Food and Machinery

The yield and chemical compositions of essential oils of five origin of Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii prepared from fresh aril by hydro-distillation were determined and compared. The results showed that the Panan Torreya grandis cv. Merrilli had the highest yield of the essential oil (3.89±0.03)%, followed by the Zhuji, Shengzhou I and Shengshou II (2.08% to 2.21%), the Huangshan Torreya grandis cv. Merrilli Aril had the lowest yield of the essential oil (1.21±0.01)%. The volatile organic components were measured by GC-MS, and 53, 57, 63, 57, 56 components were identified in essential oils from Shengshou II, Zhuji, Shengzhou I, Panan …