Food Science Commons^™

Growing South Dakota (Spring 2014), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the SDSU Extension 2013 Annual Report.

[Page] 2 The New SDSU Extension: Two Years Later, Change Has Brought New Successes
[Page] 4 Your 24-7 Connection: iGrow.org Makes SDSU Extension Easily Accessible, Responsive
[Page] 5 SDSU Regional Extension Centers: Your Front Door To SDSU
[Pages] 6-7 Leading The Challenge: Projects To Address Food Security, Financial Knowledge Underway
[Pages] 8-9 Regional Collaboration: SET Grants & Food Networks Initiated
[Pages] 10-11 Encouraging & Empowering: Native American Program Assists Reservations In Striving For Healthy Food, Healthy Communities & Youth Science Programming
[Page] 12 Evaluating Yields: Crop Performance Testing Provides Important, Unbiased …

Debaryomyces Hansenii: A Foodborne Yeast That Produces Anti- Candida Killer Toxin, Nabaraj Banjara

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Candida yeasts are commensal members of the gastrointestinal, mucosal, oral and vaginal microbiota. Candida albicans and C. tropicalis can be found as a part of the normal human commensal flora, especially in all sections of the gastrointestinal tract. However, when the host defense system and microbiota are disturbed, Candida can become pathogenic and cause severe infection or candidiasis. Antifungal drugs used to treat candidiasis have been shown to result in treatment failures due to drug toxicity and/or development of resistance during long term antifungal therapy and, in recent years, the incidence of Candida infections has increased dramatically due to the …

Shrinkage Prediction During Pasta Dehydration, Gina Michelle Bressani

Open Access Theses

Shrinkage models from different fields of study were reviewed. Pasta was used as a model to further develop the hypothesis of predicting shrinkage in terms of the rate of relaxation and the rate of moisture loss. An extended literature review of pasta properties, such as isotherms, diffusivity, glass transition, rheological properties, and shrinkage was conducted. Isotherm and glass transition models were developed from the literature data acquired. Creep was tested with a 25 mm-diameter flat plate at 20 to 40°C at varying moisture content. Viscoelastic properties for the Burgers model for creep were determined, where higher moisture content samples resulted …

Wheat Stored In Triple Layer Plastic Bags: Protection Against The Rice Weevil, Sitophilus Oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) And The Effect Of Air Leaks On Hermetic Storage, Daniel Thomas Martin

Open Access Theses

Triple layer bags consisting of two inner layers of 80 micron thick high-density polyethylene (HDPE) surrounded by an outer woven polypropylene bag have proven to be an effective technology for hermetic storage of cowpea and to prevent loss caused by the cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). This bagging technology is called the Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) system. If PICS bags prove useful for protecting other crops against their insect pests during storage it would allow farmers to store these commodities for longer periods of time to increase personal food availability and market flexibility. Accordingly, PICS bags were …

Characteristics And Practices That May Lead To Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination In Retail Delis, Jingjin Wang

Open Access Theses

The foodborne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, can contaminate ready-to-eat (RTE) deli meats at retail delis, since retail delis provide an ideal environment for L. monocytogenes growth. Current risk assessment indicates that 83% of listeriosis cases from RTE deli meats are all from RTE deli that are sliced at retail delis. Strategies for controlling L. monocytogenes in retail establishments are essential to prevent post-processing contamination of RTE foods. In order to determine the potential risk factors associated with L. monocytogenes contamination and develop best practices to reduce L. monocytogenes , we sampled the retail establishment environment, isolated L. monocytogenes, and …

Study Of The Sustainbility Issues Of Food Production Using Vertical Farm Methods In An Urban Environment Within The State Of Indiana, Victor Mendez Perez

Open Access Theses

There are several problems around the globe related to water scarcity, energy shortages, deforestation and loss of fertile land, and food security. Climate change is making environmental and social issues arise. Issues such as, changes in the agricultural landscape, increasing population (9 billion is the expected population for 2040), rising food borne illnesses, scarcity of drinking water, and more crop failure due to plant pathogens and insect pests, among other factors make this study specially significant. Vertical farming could be a potencial solution to some of these problems.

Due to these problems the present thesis analyzed vertical farming as a …

Efficacy Of Manual Dishwashing And Sanitizer Wiping In Removing Food Soils From Chel Knives, Xiaodi Sun

Open Access Theses

Improperly cleaned and sanitized chef knives may present a potential contamination risk and thus be a risk for foodborne illness. Therefore, ensuring effective cleaning and sanitization of knife surfaces may help prevent the spread of foodborne pathogens. The primary objective of this research was to compare the efficacies of two different cleaning methods (three-compartment manual dishwashing and sanitizer wiping) at removing food soils from contaminated chef knives using procedures that are typical of restaurant kitchens. Knife wiping and washing procedures were determined and standardized according to an observation of knife cleaning behavior in a kitchen. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence was …

Effects Of Wheat Grain Moisture: Quality, Germination, And Relationship To Accumulated Growing Degree Days, Kirsten Thomas

Open Access Theses

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a cereal crop of global importance. As global demand increases, it is essential to increase the quality and efficiency of crop production. Harvesting wheat early provides an opportunity for increased grain quality, and it may also allow the grower to double-crop soybean ( Glycine max L.) after wheat more effectively. Our objectives were to determine if harvesting grain early, at high moisture would, 1) increase milling and baking quality and 2) improve germination potential. As a result of these objectives, we will develop a model to predict dry-down of wheat. Five soft red …

Effect Of Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsions On A Bioluminescent Strain Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7, Clara Maria Vasquez Mejia

Open Access Theses

Nanoemulsions have been shown to be effective delivery vehicles for poorly water soluble natural antimicrobials. In this study the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol) nanoemulsions against a bioluminescent Escherichia coli O157:H7 was investigated using light emission as an indicator of cell viability. Different emulsifiers (Ultralec Lecithin and Tween 20), oils (Palm stearin and Coconut oil) and various carvacrol concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 2.5%) were evaluated. Bioluminescence was monitored in situ using a Hamamatsu (photo multiplier tube) sensor module integrated with a Programmable Logic Controller interfaced with a PC for data acquisition. Bioluminescence decreased rapidly with the addition of emulsions …

Quality Changes In Hermetically Stored Corn Caused By Fungi And Sitophilus Zeamais, Nda-Agyima Addae-Mensah K

Open Access Theses

Hermetic storage has been shown to be effective in controlling insect pests and maintaining grain quality of dry grains at 13% moisture and below. However, the feasibility and use of hermetic storage for grains at intermediate mid-moisture levels under the influence of the sub-Saharan African weather conditions is relatively unknown. Hermetic storage experiments were conducted on grade 1 "6297 and 6333 VT RIB" hybrid corn under controlled temperature conditions at 10 degrees centigrade and 25 degrees centigrade at target approximate moisture content levels of 11, 15, 18 and 21% wet basis for a total storage period of 6 months. Corn …

Relating The Metatranscriptome And Metagenome Of The Human Gut, Eric A. Franzosa, Xochitl C. Morgan, Nicola Segata, Levi Waldron, Joshua Reyes, Ashlee M. Earl, Georgia Giannoukos, Matthew R. Boylan, Dawn Ciulla, Dirk Gevers, Jacques Izard, Wendy S. Garrett, Andrew T. Chan, Curtis Huttenhower

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Although the composition of the human microbiome is now well-studied, the microbiota’s > 8 million genes and their regulation remain largely uncharacterized. This knowledge gap is in part because of the difficulty of acquiring large numbers of samples amenable to functional studies of the microbiota. We conducted what is, to our knowledge, one of the first human microbiome studies in a well-phenotyped prospective cohort incorporating taxonomic, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic profiling at multiple body sites using self-collected samples. Stool and saliva were provided by eight healthy subjects, with the former preserved by three different methods (freezing, ethanol, and RNAlater) to validate self-collection. …

An Investigation The Extractivist Agribusiness Model In Argentina And The Conflict In Malvinas Argentina Against Monsanto, Nicholas James Guarnaccia

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Argentina is greatly dependent on the production and exportation of soy as a result of the extractivist agribusiness model that currently exists. This model earns enormous rents for the country however at the expense of the environment and its citizens. The mega agribusiness Monsanto is trying to build the largest trans-genetic seed plant in all of Latin America in the small city of Malvinas Argentinas, Córdoba. The presence of this plant will have severe effects on three important levels: the micro, the macro and the political. This plant will cause high levels of contamination of the air and water, it …

Microbiota, Oral Microbiome, And Pancreatic Cancer, Dominique S. Michaud, Jacques Izard

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Only 30% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer survive one year post-diagnosis. Progress in understanding the causes of pancreatic cancer has been made, including solidifying the associations with obesity and diabetes, and a proportion of cases should be preventable through lifestyle modifications. Unfortunately, identifying reliable biomarkers of early pancreatic cancer has been extremely challenging, and no effective screening modality is currently available for this devastating form of cancer. Recent data suggest the microbiota may play a role in the disease process, but many questions remain. Future studies focusing on the human microbiome, both etiologically and as a marker of disease …

In-Package Atmospheric Pressure Cold Plasma Treatment Of Cherry Tomatoes, N. Misra, Kevin Keener, Paula Bourke, J Mosnier, Patrick J. Cullen

Articles

Cold plasma is increasingly under research for decontamination of foods, especially fresh fruits and vegetables. The effect of cold plasma on food quality, however, remains under researched. This study investigates the effects of cold plasma generated within a sealed package from a dielectric barrier discharge on the physical quality parameters and respiration rates of cherry tomatoes. Respiration rates and weight loss were monitored continuously, while other parameters are reported at the end of storage period. Differences among weight loss, pH and firmness for control and treated cherry tomatoes were insignificant towards the end of storage life. Changes in respiration rates …

Molecular Evolution Of Glycoside Hydrolase Genes In The Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera), Seong-Il Eyun, Haichuan Wang, Yannick Pauchet, Richard H. Ffrench-Constant, Andrew K. Benson, Arnubio Valencia-Jimenez, Etsuko N. Moriyama, Blair Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Cellulose is an important nutritional resource for a number of insect herbivores. Digestion of cellulose and other polysaccharides in plant-based diets requires several types of enzymes including a number of glycoside hydrolase (GH) families. In a previous study, we showed that a single GH45 gene is present in the midgut tissue of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). However, the presence of multiple enzymes was also suggested by the lack of a significant biological response when the expression of the gene was silenced by RNA interference. In order to clarify the repertoire of cellulose-degrading enzymes and related …

Dietary Antiaging Phytochemicals And Mechanisms Associated With Prolonged Survival, Hongwei Si, Dongmin Liu

Human Sciences Faculty Research

Aging is well-known an inevitable process that is influenced by genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the aging process are not well understood. Increasing evidence shows that aging is highly associated with chronic increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), accumulation of a low-grade proinflammatory phenotype and reduction in age-related autophagy, suggesting that these factors may play important roles in promoting aging. Indeed, reduction of ROS and low-grade inflammation and promotion of autophagy by calorie restriction or other dietary manipulation can extend lifespan in a wide spectrum of model organisms. Interestingly, recent studies show that some food-derived …

In-Package Atmospheric Pressure Cold Plasma Treatment Of Strawberries, N. Misra, Paula Bourke, Patrick J. Cullen, Sonal Patil

Articles

The ability to generate low temperature plasma at atmospheric pressure offers new opportunities to decontaminate biological materials, including fresh foods. In this study, strawberries were treated with atmospheric cold plasma (ACP), generated with a 60 kV dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) pulsed at 50 Hz, across a 40 mm electrode gap, generated inside a sealed package containing ambient air (42% relative humidity). The current-voltage characteristics revealed that the plasma operated in the filamentary regime. The background microflora (aerobic mesophillic bacteria, yeast and mould) of strawberries treated for 5 min was reduced by 2 log 10 within 24 h of post-ACP treatment. …

Transcriptome Analysis Of Listeria Monocytogenes Exposed To Biocide Stress Reveals A Multi-System Response Involving Cell Wall Synthesis, Sugar Uptake, And Motility, Aidan Casey, Edward M. Fox, Stephan Schmitz-Esser, Aidan Coffey, Olivia Mcauliffe, Kieran Jordan

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Listeria monocytogenes is a virulent food-borne pathogen most often associated with the consumption of “ready-to-eat” foods. The organism is a common contaminant of food processing plants where it may persist for extended periods of time. A commonly used approach for the control of Listeria monocytogenes in the processing environment is the application of biocides such as quaternary ammonium compounds. In this study, the transcriptomic response of a persistent strain of L. monocytogenes (strain 6179) on exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of the quaternary ammonium compound benzethonium chloride (BZT) was assessed. Using RNA-Seq, gene expression levels were quantified by sequencing …

The Relationship Of Nd1 Mtdna Gene Polymorphisms To Energy Metabolism And Risk Of Obesity Among Peruvian Native Americans, Karen K. Thomas, Dr. Mark J. Rowe

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Mitochondria are involved in the conversion of energy in the cell. Metabolic energy from the food we eat is converted in mitochondria to ATP by the electron transport system (ETS) and oxidative phosphorylation. The enzyme complexes involved in the ETS contain thirteen subunits which are encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Non-silent polymorphisms (sites in the DNA where the nucleotide differs between individuals) in mtDNA will affect these enzymes and may thereby alter metabolic efficiency and therefore metabolic rate. A lower metabolic rate is a risk factor for weight gain and a higher body mass index (BMI, a measure of obesity) …

In-Package Nonthermal Plasma Degradation Of Pesticides On Fresh Produce, N. Misra, Shashi Pankaj, Tony Walsh, Finbarr O'Regan, Paula Bourke, Patrick J. Cullen

Articles

In-package nonthermal plasma (NTP) technology is a novel technology for the decontamination of foods and biological materials. This study presents the first report on the potential of the technology for the degradation of pesticide residues. A cocktail of pesticides, namely Azoxystrobin, Cyprodinil, Fludioxonil and Pyriproxyfen was tested on strawberries. The concentrations of these pesticides were monitored in priori and post- plasma treatment using GC-MS/MS. An applied voltage and time dependent degradation of the pesticides was observed for treatment voltages of 60, 70 and 80 kV and treatment durations ranging from 1 to 5 min, followed by 24 h in-pack storage. …

Enzymatic Extraction Of High-Value Ingredients From Food Waste, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Conference papers

Food waste presents significant concerns with respect to economical, environmental and food security issues. Roughly, one-third of global food production equivalent to 1.3 billion tonnes per annum is wasted. EPA estimates that over 1 million tonnes of food waste is produced annually in Ireland. Common applications of food waste has been either direct disposal in landfill or as an animal feeds. In addition to the regulatory pressure of disposing food waste, there are significant opportunities for recovering a range of valuable compounds from food waste that could find valuable applications in the functional food and pharmaceutical sectors.

Numerous methods have …

Optimized Production Of Vanillin From Green Vanilla Pods By Enzyme-Assisted Extraction Combined With Pre-Freezing And Thawing, Yanjun Zhang, Limei Mo, Feng Chen, Minquan Lu, Wenjiang Dong, Qinghuang Wang, Fei Xu, Fenglin Gu

Publications

Production of vanillin from natural green vanilla pods was carried out by enzyme-assisted extraction combined with pre-freezing and thawing. In the first step the green vanilla pods were pre-frozen and then thawed to destroy cellular compartmentation. In the second step pectinase from Aspergillus niger was used to hydrolyze the pectin between the glucovanillin substrate and β-glucosidase. Four main variables, including enzyme amount, reaction temperature, time and pH, which were of significance for the vanillin content were studied and a central composite design (CCD) based on the results of a single-factor tests was used. Response surface methodology based on CCD was …

A Systems Approach To Designing Next Generation Vaccines: Combining A-Galactose Modified Antigens With Nanoparticle Platforms, Yashdeep Phanse, Brenda R. Carrillo-Conde, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Scott Broderick, Chang Sun Kong, Krishna Rajan, Ramon Flick, Robert B. Mandell, Balaji Narasimhan, Michael J. Wannemeuhler

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Innovative vaccine platforms are needed to develop effective countermeasures against emerging and re-emerging diseases. These platforms should direct antigen internalization by antigen presenting cells and promote immunogenic responses. This work describes an innovative systems approach combining two novel platforms, aGalactose (aGal)-modification of antigens and amphiphilic polyanhydride nanoparticles as vaccine delivery vehicles, to rationally design vaccine formulations. Regimens comprising soluble aGal-modified antigen and nanoparticle-encapsulated unmodified antigen induced a high titer, high avidity antibody response with broader epitope recognition of antigenic peptides than other regimen. Proliferation of antigen-specific CD4⁺ T cells was also enhanced compared to a traditional adjuvant. Combining the …

Phages Of Non-Diary Lactococci: Isolation And Characterization Of Phi L47, A Phage Infecting The Grass Isolate Lactococcus Lactis Ssp Cremoris Dpc6860, Daniel Cavanagh, Caitríona M. Guinane, Horst Neve, Aidan Coffey, R. Paul Ross, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, Olivia Mcauliffe

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Lactococci isolated from non-dairy sources have been found to possess enhanced metabolic activity when compared to dairy strains. These capabilities may be harnessed through the use of these strains as starter or adjunct cultures to produce more diverse flavor profiles in cheese and other dairy products. To understand the interactions between these organisms and the phages that infect them, a number of phages were isolated against lactococcal strains of non-dairy origin. One such phage, ΦL47, was isolated from a sewage sample using the grass isolate L. lactis ssp. cremoris DPC6860 as a host. Visualization of phage virions by transmission electron …

Ara H 6 Complements Ara H 2 As An Important Marker For Ige Reactivity To Peanut, Audrey E. Koid, Martin D. Chapman, Robert G. Hamilton, Ronald Van Ree, Serge A. Versteeg, Stephen C. Dreskin, Stef J. Koppelman, Sabina Wünschmann

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The similarities of two major peanut allergens, Ara h 2 and Ara h 6, in molecular size, amino acid sequence, and structure have made it difficult to obtain natural Ara h 6 free of Ara h 2. The objectives of this study were to purify natural Ara h 6 that is essentially free of Ara h 2 and to compare its IgE reactivity and potency in histamine release assays to Ara h 2. SDS-PAGE of the highly purified allergen (<0.01% Ara h 2) revealed a single 14.5kD band and the identity of Ara h 6 was confirmed by LC-MS/MS. Ara h 6 showed a higher seroprevalence in chimeric-IgE ELISA (n=54), but a weaker biological activity in basophil histamine release assays than Ara h 2. Purified Ara h 6 will be useful for diagnostic IgE antibody assays, as well as molecular and cellular studies to investigate the immunological mechanisms of peanut allergy.

Growing South Dakota (Winter 2014), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the 2013 SDSU Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report

[Page] 2 The World’s First: Collaborative Effort Produces Multi-Hybrid Planter To Advance Precision Ag
[Page] 4 70 Years Of Data: Ranchers Benefit From Long-Term Grazing Studies
[Page] 6 Better Beef: Fetal Programming Study Analyzes Effects Of Cow Nutrition On Meat Quality
[Page] 7 Winter College News
[Page] 8 Consumer Sciences, Animal Health, Livestock Marketing: Important Research Continues In These Areas
[Page] 10 Improving Human Health: Role Of Nondigestible Fiber, Antioxidants Studied To Prevent Disease
[Page] 11 Food Safety Focus: Targeting Heat-Resistant Microbes To Improve Dairy Products
[Page] 12 Engineering …

Ua66/5 Department Of Agriculture 2014 Newsletter, Department Of Agriculture And Food Science

Agriculture Department Publications

Sections include:

Alumni

In Memory of Dr. David M. Coffey

Outstanding Agriculture Students

J Dominique Gumirakiza– Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics

Students from the Department of Agriculture Study Developmental Issues in Andean Agriculture in Ecuador

Viticulture News

Turfgrass Management News

Internships at the Baker Arboretum

Southern Forages Authors Visit WKU

Agricultural Ambassadors

Agricultural Education News

Agriculture Students Striving for Effective Tomorrows (ASSET) Conference

WKU Dairy Challenge Team participates in 8th Annual Southern Regional Intercollegiate Dairy Challenge® Contest

WKU Dairy Challenge Team participates in 8th Annual Southern Regional Intercollegiate Dairy Challenge® Contest

Student Research– Assessment of Stress in Therapy Horses

Agronomy …

Letter From The Dean, Michael Vayda

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 15 2014, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Development Of Active Packaging With Antimicrobial Activity, Xiuxiu Sun

Wayne State University Dissertations

Microbial safety of fresh fruits and vegetables is an increasing concern with any possible recall or outbreaks negatively affecting the entire industry. The interest in the development of active packaging has recently been steadily increasing due to significant concerns about environmental pollution caused by non-biodegradable packaging materials and consumer demand for high quality food products. Newly developed packaging materials and methods often have additional functional properties, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

In our study, the chitosan-gallic acid edible films and chitosan-essential oil coatings with antimicrobial activity, as well as active packaging with chlorine dioxide sachet were developed. The results …