Food Science Commons^™

Response Surface Methodology Guided Release Of Two Acetate Volatiles From An Oil-In-Water Emulsion, Mark Traynor, Roisin Burke, N. Brunton, Catherine Barry-Ryan

Articles

Optimization of the volatile release of two commonly used flavor compounds (isoamyl acetate and furfuryl acetate) from a food emulsion model system was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). Twenty-seven random order settings were established using a central composite face-centered (CCF) experimental design. The main and combined effects of four independent variables—concentration of isoamyl acetate (50–90 ppm), furfuryl acetate (20–30 ppm), salt (NaCl; 0.1–2%), and pH (5–7)—on the responses were examined. The main objective of the present study was to determine the optimal concentration level of the four variables leading to optimal release of the volatile compounds. Quantitative measurements were …

Analysis Of Microbial Diversity By Amplicon Pyrosequencing, Ryan Legge

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Microorganisms numerically dominate terrestrial biodiversity, and play important biochemical and geochemical roles in the environments they inhabit. To understand structure and function of complex ecosystems, it is essential to identify primary drivers of microbial diversity and community structure. Historically, the study of microbial ecology was reductive, limited to microbes able to be cultured and enumerated. Microbes meeting this criterion were thought to comprise the dominating members of the environments they were isolated from, however, estimates suggesting up to 99% of the endogenous species are uncultivable with existing methodologies; a concept that reflects experimental failure, rather than a verifiable conclusion. Therefore …

The Trade And Welfare Impacts Of Australian Quarantine Policies: The Case Of Pigmeat, John C. Beghin, Mark Melatos

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

We analyze the trade and welfare impact of quarantine measures imposed by Australia on imports of pigmeat. In particular, we account for changes to Australia’s pigmeat quarantine policy over time, including those changes related to the recent resolution of a WTO dispute between Australia and the European Union. Using a random utility model and applying it to corner solutions in import decisions, tariff equivalents (by major trading partner) are estimated for the different pigmeat quarantine regimes implemented by Australia during the period 1988-2009. The welfare impact on consumers, producers, and foreign exporters is computed using a partial equilibrium model calibrated …

Effect Of Temperature On Sensing Intensity Of Basic Tastes: Sweet, Salty And Sour, Keri Lipscomb

All Theses

Twenty semi-trained subjects determined the effect of temperature on basic tastes sweet, salty and sour. The sensory evaluations were performed on each basic taste and on various combinations of the three tastes at serving temperatures 3, 23 and 60¡C. A single intensity level was used for all sensory evaluations and 3 replications of each panel were performed. Results from the panels provided some evidence of temperature affect, both when evaluated singularly and in combination.
The perceived intensity of some sweet and sour samples was affected by a change in temperature. Sensing intensity of the salty samples was not significantly affected …

Evaluation Of Prebiotic Fibers And Pectin On Probiotic Strains And Effect Of Bacteriocin-Like Substance On The Survival Of Listeria Monocytogenes, Dolar Pak

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Probiotics and prebiotics have been shown to provide beneficial effects on the host health and there are numerous research efforts being conducted on a variety of specific applications. However, most prebiotic carbohydrates are lower molecular weight oligosaccharides; and the health benefits of higher molecular weight pectins have not been fully evaluated. According to reviews, pectins are fermented in the large intestine due to the cooperative activities of colonic bacteria with complementary enzymatic activities. There are very few studies that demonstrate the fermentability of high methoxy pectin and low methoxy pectin by pure cultures of human isolates or probiotic bacteria. Thus, …

Single-Pass Drying Of Rough Rice Using Glass Transition Principles, George Owira Ondier

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this research was to study the drying characteristics, milling quality, and functional properties of rough rice subjected to single-pass drying while controlling kernel material states. Drying experiments were conducted at 60, 70, and 80C and relative humidities ranging from 13 to 83%. High drying air relative humidities (greater than 63%) maintained both the kernel surface and core in a rubbery state during drying, whereas low drying air relative humidities caused rapid transitioning of the surface layers from a rubbery to a glassy state. Long-grain pureline cultivar, Wells, medium-grain pureline cultivar, Jupiter, and long-grain hybrid cultivar, CL XL729, …

The Role Of Antioxidant Rich Berries In The Prevention Of Postmenopausal Bone Loss, Lydia Karimi Kaume

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most prevalent form of osteoporosis and results in fragility fractures. Smoking is one of the major risk factors for osteoporosis and is known to aggravate bone loss in postmenopausal women due to increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Diet-based interventions using berries have shown bone protective affects in animal studies partially due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of their phenolic compounds. The goal of this research was to determine the effects of antioxidant-rich fruits in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. Our first study examined the dose dependent effects of blackberries in preventing bone loss in an …

Consumer Sensory Preferences And Willingness-To-Pay For Nutraceutical-Rich Fruit, Lydia Lawless

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Health-oriented juices are prime candidates for the nutraceutical market due to their inherent healthfulness and convenience. Fruits such as açaí berries, blueberries, blackberries, black cherries, Concord grapes, cranberries, and pomegranates are rich in potentially health-supporting polyphenolics, which makes the juices of these fruits attractive for nutraceutical optimization. The compositional, sensory, and stability properties of blueberry, blackberry, and Concord grape juice blends were explored in an extended shelf-life study. Initially, 100% blueberry juice had the highest total monomeric anthocyanins (67.40 mg/100mL), 100% blackberry juice had the highest total phenolics (249.24 mg/100mL), and 100% Concord juice had the highest polymeric color (23.21%). …

Nature's Perfect Food, Geoffrey D. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

Nature's Perfect Food is an article that describes the history of local beekeeper Jack Hartman and the benefit of local honey bees to agriculture and honey consumers.

Host-Microbe-Diet Interplay: Dietary Modulation Of The Gut Microbiota In Relation To Health, Inés Martínez

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Vertebrates are associated with trillions of bacteria, with the densest populations residing in the large intestine. The symbiosis between vertebrates and their gut microbiota has resulted in important implications of the gut microbiome on host health. Diet is an important factor that shapes gut microbiota composition, and because of the interplay between host-microbiome-diet, dietary strategies that modulate gut microbiome structure are deemed a relevant tool to improve host health. However, gaps in knowledge exist with respect to these interactions, and it is essential to obtain a mechanistic understanding of how these relations take place to develop successful therapeutic strategies that …

Evaluation Of A Social Marketing Campaign: 4 Day Throw Away, Katie J. James

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Children are at a heightened risk for foodborne illness. Handling leftover food safely was identified as a concern from focus groups with the main food preparer in families with young children in two Midwestern states. To design, implement, and evaluate a theory-based food safety education intervention to raise awareness of the USDA guideline for handling leftover food. The food safety social marketing campaign “4 Day Throw Away” launched in towns throughout Nebraska and Iowa. The campaign included both traditional and social media methods to relay the message of discarding leftovers after four days. A total of 600 guardians of young …

Seasonal Population Dynamics Of The Potato Psyllid (Hemiptera: Triozidae) And Its Associated Pathogen “Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum” In Potatoes In The Southern Great Plains Of North America, John A. Goolsby, John J. Adamczyk Jr., J. M. Crosslin, Noel N. Troxclair, J. R. Ancisco, Gerhard G. Bester, J. D. Bradshaw, Edsel D. Bynum Jr., L. A. Carpio, Don C. Henne, Ankush Joshi, Joseph E. Munyaneza, Pat Porter, Phillip E. Sloderbeck, J. R. Supak, C. M. Rush, F. J. Willett, B. J. Zechmann, B. A. Zens

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), and its associated pathogen “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (Ca. L. solanacearum), the putative causal agent of zebra chip (ZC) disease in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), were sampled in commercial potato fields and untreated control plots for 3 yr in multiple locations in Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, and Colorado. Populations of the potato psyllid varied across years and across potato growing regions. However, the percentage of potato psyllids infected with Ca. L. solanacearum although variable across years, was consistently highest in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas (LRGV), the reported overwintering …

Gene Expression In Intestinal Mucosal Biopsy Specimens Obtained From Dogs With Chronic Enteropathy, Vicki L. Wilke, Dan Nettleton, Meghan J. Wymore, Jack M. Gallup, Cumhur Yusuf Demirkale, Mark R. Ackermann, Chris K. Tuggle, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Michael J. Wannemeuhler, Albert E. Jergens

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Objective—To characterize mucosal gene expression in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE). Animals—18 dogs with CE and 6 healthy control dogs.

Procedures—Small intestinal mucosal biopsy specimens were endoscopically obtained from dogs. Disease severity in dogs with CE was determined via inflammatory bowel index scores and histologic grading of biopsy specimens. Total RNA was extracted from biopsy specimens and microchip array analysis (approx 43,000 probe sets) and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR assays were performed.

Results—1,875 genes were differentially expressed between dogs with CE and healthy control dogs; 1,582 (85%) genes were downregulated in dogs with CE, including neurotensin, fatty …

Is Local Food In Your Future?: An Analysis Of The Viability Of The Local Food Movement, Jennifer A. Sliney

Pell Scholars and Senior Theses

The Local Food Movement has arisen in recent decades as a proposed solution to problems in the current food distribution system. Proponents of the movement look to solve problems such as unsustainable farming practices, greenhouse gas emissions, and unhealthy communities. Skeptics raise questions as to whether local food is truly capable of accomplishing any of those. The author proposes that as a solution, aspects of the Local Food Movement such as urban agriculture and attempts at community development should be taken more seriously in order to create a better future for the land and people alike.

Factors Affecting The Production Of Concentrated Blue Cheese Flavorings, Jason Raines

All Theses

The effects of media type and culture selection on the aroma profile of Blue cheese flavorings produced using submerged culture fermentation were studied. Fermentations were carried out for 16 hours then compared using sensory analysis and GC/MS SPME. The differences between samples were minimal. Samples produced with adjunct media were found to have higher concentrations of methyl ketones and more &ldquo'creamy'&rdquo aroma character than samples produced from standard media. Higher levels of free fatty acids were found in standard media samples. Adjunct cultures appear to enhance the &ldquo'creamy'&rdquo character of Blue cheese flavorings.
Near-critical and supercritical carbon dioxide were used …

Assessment Of Viability Of Probiotic Bacteria In Non Dairy Food Matrices Under Refrigeration Storage, Muthu Dharmasena

All Theses

Functional foods serve nutrients and physiologically active components for a healthy living. In most countries, the products related to having a healthy gut dominate the functional foods market. These products are prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics. Concerning the health benefits, various probiotics are introduced to food matrices. Though dairy is the ideal food matrix for probiotics, the trend of non-dairy probiotics is growing among consumers.
This study included two research objectives: surveying the commercial probiotic containing products for probiotic level and developing a practical home-made probiotic fermentation process. The first part of this study was mainly based on assessing viability of …

Developing Value-Added Peptide Antioxidants From Rendering Products, Xiaoting Xing

All Theses

Synthetic antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), Vitamin E and ethoxyquin, have been commonly added to formulated animal feeds in order to delay discoloration and deterioration due to oxidation. However, these synthetic antioxidants have been limited in their applications as food additives because of potential health hazards. Specifically, synthetic antioxidants have been considered to be linked to various forms of cancer, most commonly kidney, liver and bladder cancer. In this work, value-added peptide antioxidants from rendering products were developed for use in potential aquaculture and pet food markets as natural antioxidant substitutes for synthetic antioxidants. The antioxidant …

Lactic Acid Production Using Sweet Potato Processing Waste, Irene Pagana

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Organic waste generated from industrial sweet potato canning is estimated to be 30% of incoming raw material. This waste contains carbohydrates (sugars and starch) that could be used as substrates for the production of useful compounds via fermentation (e.g. lactic acid), resulting in the production of value-added products. The goal of this research project is to produce a substrate from the sweet potato processing waste material that supports the growth of lactic acid bacteria, which results in the production of lactic acid. The sweet potato waste product was characterized, and found to contain 16.5% solids. The solids components were 18.5% …

Characterization And Consumer Acceptance Of White Striping In Broiler Breast Fillets, Vivek Ayamchirakkunnel Kuttappan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

White striping is an emerging issue in the broiler meat industry which causes concerns among the producers. The condition is characterized by the occurrence of white striations, parallel to the direction of muscle fibers, mainly in broiler breast fillets and thighs. Fillets can be categorized as NORM (normal or no striping), MOD (moderate) and SEV (severe) depending on the degree of white striping. As a result of few previous research studies on the condition, there is no information available on the impact of white striping on the consumer acceptance and various meat quality attributes. Our hypothesis was that the occurrence …

Plains Gerbils (Gerbilliscus Robusta) As Food Of The Barn Owl (Tyto Alba) In The Serengeti Plains (Tanzania): Thirty-Six Years Later, Rbm Senzota

Tanzania Journal of Science

The barn owl (Tyto alba (Blyth 1862) roosts and nests in crevices and caves of kopjes (rock outcrops) of the Serengeti plains. Its major food in the 1970’s was found to be Gerbilliscus robusta (Cretschmer 1826) which inhabits the expansive grasslands surrounding the kopjes. In October 2012, pellets of the owl were collected from one of its roosting cave in the Gol Kopjes at the plains; the roosting cave was the same as one where a 1976 pellet collection was made. Collected intact and disintegrated pellets were weighed and sorted to identify and enumerate their contents. Morphometrics of sorted out …

Melba Hollingsworth, Melba Hollingsworth, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Melba Hollingsworth earned a BS degree in Dietetics from Louisiana State University and a Master’s degree in Institution Management from Texas Women’s University. She has worked over 25 years in Child Nutrition Programs. She served as a school food service manager and a district director in the state of Louisiana before becoming an Education and Training Specialist for the National Food Service Management Institute (NFSMI) at The University of Mississippi. During her career at NFSMI, Melba served as project coordinator for the Orientation to School Nutrition Management Seminars and developed various resources for school nutrition professionals. She was instrumental in …

The Development Of Molecular Gastronomy As A Subject Discipline At The Dublin Institute Of Technology, Roisin Burke, Pauline Danaher, Mark Traynor

Other resources

Molecular gastronomy is the study of the physical and chemical culinary transformations that occur during preparation, cooking and consumption. Molecular gastronomy differs from food science as the social, artistic and technical components of culinary and gastronomic phenomena are explored. At the Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) the aim of developing molecular gastronomy modules is to use them as a tool to teach scientific principles to those who work in the Culinary Arts. Students and graduates can then apply their knowledge to develop and create novel dishes and food products. Scientific principles are taught, explained and demonstrated in the kitchen environment, …

Growing South Dakota (Summer 2012), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 2 150 Years and Counting: 2012 Marks a Significant Milestone for Land-Grant Universities [Page] 4 Summer College News
[Page] 6 Ready, Set, Grow: Gardening Programs Offer bevy of Benefits to Community
[Page] 8 SDSU Extension Staff Directory: Pull Out and Save for Future Reference
[Page] 13 Bugs Beware!: SDSU Assembles Talented Team of Entomologists
[Page] 14 High-Tech Teaching: Curriculums Now Integrate iPads, Social Media & Peer Mentoring
[Page] 16 A Lesson in Chinese: SDSU Contingent Experiences World's Largest Marketplace
[Page] 18 Here and There
[Page] 20 Adapting with Apps: Technological Advancements Offer Opportunities for Farming's Future
[Page] 21 A …

Microbial Co-Occurrence Relationships In The Human Microbiome, Karoline Faust, J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti, Jacques Izard, Dirk Gevers, Jeroen Raes, Curtis Huttenhower

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The healthy microbiota show remarkable variability within and among individuals. In addition to external exposures, ecological relationships (both oppositional and symbiotic) between microbial inhabitants are important contributors to this variation. It is thus of interest to assess what relationships might exist among microbes and determine their underlying reasons. The initial Human Microbiome Project (HMP) cohort, comprising 239 individuals and 18 different microbial habitats, provides an unprecedented resource to detect, catalog, and analyze such relationships. Here, we applied an ensemble method based on multiple similarity measures in combination with generalized boosted linear models (GBLMs) to taxonomic marker (16S rRNA gene) profiles …

Structure, Function And Diversity Of The Healthy Human Microbiome, Curtis Huttenhower, Jacques Izard

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Studies of the human microbiome have revealed that even healthy individuals differ remarkably in the microbes that occupy habitats such as the gut, skin and vagina. Much of this diversity remains unexplained, although diet, environment, host genetics and early microbial exposure have all been implicated. Accordingly, to characterize the ecology of human-associated microbial communities, the Human Microbiome Project has analysed the largest cohort and set of distinct, clinically relevant body habitats so far. We found the diversity and abundance of each habitat’s signature microbes to vary widely even among healthy subjects, with strong niche specialization both within and among individuals. …

A Framework For Human Microbiome Research, Barbara A. Methe, Jacques Izard

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

A variety of microbial communities and their genes (the microbiome) exist throughout the human body, with fundamental roles in human health and disease. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to develop metagenomic protocols, resulting in a broad range of quality-controlled resources and data including standardized methods for creating, processing and interpreting distinct types of high-throughput metagenomic data available to the scientific community. Here we present resources from a population of 242 healthy adults sampled at 15 or 18 body sites up to three times, which have generated 5,177 microbial taxonomic profiles …

Harvesting Murine Alveolar Macrophages And Evaluating Cellular Activation Induced By Polyanhydride Nanoparticles, Ana V. Chavez-Santoscoy, Lucas M. Huntimer, Amanda Ramer-Tait, Michael Wannemueler, Balaji Narasimhan

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Biodegradable nanoparticles have emerged as a versatile platform for the design and implementation of new intranasal vaccines against respiratory infectious diseases. Specifically, polyanhydride nanoparticles composed of the aliphatic sebacic acid (SA), the aromatic 1,6-bis(p -carboxyphenoxy)hexane (CPH), or the amphiphilic 1,8-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane (CPTEG) display unique bulk and surface erosion kinetics^1,2 and can be exploited to slowly release functional biomolecules (e.g., protein antigens, immunoglobulins, etc.) in vivo^3,4,5. These nanoparticles also possess intrinsic adjuvant activity, making them an excellent choice for a vaccine delivery platform^6,7,8.

In order to elucidate the mechanisms governing the activation of innate …

Analyzing Cellular Internalization Of Nanoparticles And Bacteria By Multi-Spectral Imaging Flow Cytometry, Yashdeep Phanse, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Sherree L. Friend, Brenda Carrillo-Conde, Paul Lueth, Carrie J. Oster, Gregory J. Phillips, Balaji Narasimhan, Michael J. Wannemuehler, Bryan H. Bellaire

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Nanoparticulate systems have emerged as valuable tools in vaccine delivery through their ability to efficiently deliver cargo, including proteins, to antigen presenting cells^1-5. Internalization of nanoparticles (NP) by antigen presenting cells is a critical step in generating an effective immune response to the encapsulated antigen. To determine how changes in nanoparticle formulation impact function, we sought to develop a high throughput, quantitative experimental protocol that was compatible with detecting internalized nanoparticles as well as bacteria. To date, two independent techniques, microscopy and flow cytometry, have been the methods used to study the phagocytosis of nanoparticles. The high throughput …

Exposure To Dietary Selenium And Soy Isoflavones In Utero Provides Greater Protection Against Prostate Cancer Risk Factors In Tramp Mice Than Exposure Beginning At 6 Weeks, Heather Schofield Lindsay

Theses and Dissertations

Prostate cancer is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men in the United States. Generally, an extended period of time is needed for a mutation to develop into a full scale tumor. Because of this long latency period, lifestyle and environmental factors, such as diet, may play an important role in the development and progression of the disease. Diet is one factor that has been implicated in the risk for developing prostate cancer. We previously showed that diets high in soy isoflavones and selenium (Se) decreased androgen receptor expression and expression of androgen regulated genes in healthy rat prostates. …

Purification And Characterization Of Aspergillus Niger Α-L-Rhamnosidase For The Biotransformation Of Naringin To Prunin, Hui Ni, An Feng Xiao, Hui Nong Cai, Feng Chen, Qi You, Yun Zheng Lu

Publications

This study was conducted to increase the bioactivity of litchi pericarp polysaccharides (LPPs) biotransformed by Aspergillus awamori. Comparedtothenon-A. awamori-fermented LPP, the growth effects of A. awamori-fermented LPP on Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus were four and two times higher after 3 days of fermentation, respectively. Increased 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and DNA protection activity of litchi pericarp polysaccharides were also achieved after A. awamori fermentation. Moreover, the relative content of glucose and arabinose in LPP after fermentation decreased from 58.82% to 22.60% and from 18.82% to 10.09%, respectively, with a concomitant increase in the relative contents of galactose, rhamnose, xylose, …