Food Science Commons^™

Phytochemicals And Health, Heather Rebecca Stone

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Objectives: Define phytochemicals as currently recognized in the United States and discuss food sources. Identify aims and challenges of current research. Review touted health effects of phytochemicals in cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), immune function, and other benefits. Present dietary recommendations. Methods: A literature search was conducted through Medline to find peer-reviewed journal articles from the past five years. Articles were found that identified the compounds and highlighted recent research relating phytochemicals to disease. The review of literature focused on an introductory understanding of phytochemicals. Results: Studies show that phytochemicals are undefined under current U.S. food regulations. They are biologically …

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Dean, Gregory J. Weidemann

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Of The Prevalence Of Disordered Eating Behaviors In Dietetic Students, Brandi Elizabeth Hicks

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Eating disorders are a debilitating mental illness that affects young people including those in the field of dietetics. Literature suggests that dietetic students have a higher prevalence of eating disorders than other students. Seventy-seven college student in Southern West Virginia enrolled in either dietetics or another major were included in a sample to determine if dietetic students have higher prevalence of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. The participants completed a survey that included a general information section, a 26-item questionnaire concerning eating attitudes, and a behavioral information section. Upon completion of data collection, the survey was coded, and data was …

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 2 2001, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Cationic Surfactant Mediated Hybridization And Hydrophobization Of Dna Molecules At The Liquid/Liquid Interface And Their Phase Transfer, Murali Sastry, Ashavani Kumar, Mrunalini Pattarkine, Vidya Ramakrishnan, Krishna N. Ganesh

Faculty Works

Hybridization of complementary oligonucleotides mediated by a cationic surfactant at the water/hexane interface leads to hydrophobic, double-helical DNA which may be readily phase transferred to the organic phase and cast into thin films on solid substrates.

Hybridization Of Dna By Sequential Immobilization Of Oligonucleotides At The Air-Water Interface, Murali Sastry, Vidya Ramakrishnan, Mrunalini Pattarkine, Anand Gole, K. N. Ganesh

Faculty Works

The hybridization of DNA by sequential electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding immobilization of single-stranded complementary oligonucleotides at the air-water interface with cationic Langmuir monolayers is demonstrated. The complexation of the single-stranded DNA molecules with octadecylamine (ODA) Langmuir monolayers was followed in time by monitoring the pressure-area isotherms. A large (and slow) expansion of the ODA monolayer was observed during each stage of complexation in the following sequence: primary single-stranded DNA followed by complementary single-stranded DNA followed by the intercalator, ethidium bromide. Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of the ODA-DNA complex were formed on different substrates and characterized using quartz-crystal microgravimetry (QCM), Fourier transform infrared …

Practicality Of Large Mylar Bags To Store Corn And Beans In Kenya, Byu Food Quality Assurance Laboratory

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study is to determine the practicality of using extra large zip-lock mylar bags with oxygen absorber packets to store corn and beans in Chyulu, Kenya. Weevil usually gets in the food after about 5 months, so if the oxygen can be maintained at a low level, the corn and beans could be stored for longer than that. The goal is to be able to store the food for 18 months. In order to determine the practicality of using the mylar bags to store corn and beans, the following questions will need to be answered: · Are …

The Effect Of Exopolysaccharide-Producing Cultures On The Moisture Retention And Functional Properties Of Low Fat Mozzarella Cheese, David B. Perry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Low fat Mozzarella cheese was made using exopolysaccharide-producing starter cultures consisting of single strains of Streptococcus thermophilus MR-1C and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus MR-1R with or without the addition of mesophilic exopolysaccharide-producing adjunct mixed culture consisting of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris. A control cheese was made using a non-exopolysaccharide-producing starter culture consisting of S. thermophilus TA061 and Lactobacillus helveticus LH100. Cheeses were analyzed for moisture, melt, fat, and protein. Cheeses made with the addition of the mesophilic exopolysaccharide-producing adjunct culture showed significant differences in moisture, but not in melting properties when compared to cheeses …

Affinity Purification Of Bovine Lactoferrin And Bovine Transferrin From Using Immobilized Gangliosides, Seung-Hee Nam

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Bovine lactoferrin (BLF) and bovine transferrin (BTF) are major-iron transport and regulation proteins found in bovine whey. BLF and BTF must interact with the eukaryotic cell surface to mediate their biological function of iron delivery and cellular functions of inflammatory and immunological modulation. As common components of the eukaryotic cell surface, gangliosides were used for affinity purification of BLF and BTF.

Bovine gangliosides were isolated from fresh buttermilk and covalently immobilized onto controlled-pore glass beads (66 μg/g beads). After the matrix was loaded with whey protein (WPI or WPC), lactoferrin was eluted with 1 M NaCl and identified by N-terminal …

Integronlike Structures In Campylobacter Spp. Of Human And Animal Origin, Brigid Lucey, D. Crowley, P. Moloney, B. Cryan, M. Daly, F. O'Halloran, E. J. Threlfall, S. Fanning

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Resistance to antimicrobial agents used to treat severe Campylobacter spp. gastroenteritis is increasing worldwide. We assessed the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolates of human and animal origin. More than half (n = 32) were resistant to sulphonamide, a feature known to be associated with the presence of integrons. Analysis of these integrons will further our understanding of Campylobacter spp. epidemiology.

Micronesia: Steps In The Right Direction, Aydin Nazmi

Food Science and Nutrition

As I watch the hazy orange sun sink into the still blue sea overlooking Chuuk lagoon, I marked the end of another seemingly ordinary day in the Federated States of Micronesia. But this October day was special—it marked the beginning of a promising new era in Chuuk’s fight against HIV and AIDS. For the past few months, several proceedings had set into motion a cascade of events that would ultimately (hopefully) benefit and educate the people of Chuuk state.

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 1 2000, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Dean, Charles J. Scifres

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Abstracts From The Student Presentations Of The Arkansas Chapter Of Gamma Sigma Delta, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Studies On The Utilization Of Deboned Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Frames In Fish Snack, S. Muralidharan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Snack food development studies were conducted to iii utilize trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) frames, a by-product of the filleting operation, using extrusion and conventional technology. Twin screw extrusion studies were conducted to study the effect of fish mince, non-fat dry milk, process temperature, and moisture content on the physicochemical properties of the extruded snack food. Response surfaces were plotted to understand the effects of the independent variables on dependent variables such as bulk density, expansion ratio, shear strength, and water absorption index. Quadratic models expressed the relationship between the dependent and independent variables.

Based on the extrusion studies, conditions …

Methanethiol And Cheddar Cheese Flavor, Benjamin Dias

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The use of slower acid-producing starter bacteria for the production of lower fat Cheddar cheese has lead to milder flavor Cheddar cheeses that lack intense Cheddar notes. The metabolism of methionine leads to the production of methanethiol, which is one of the desirable Cheddar cheese flavor compounds. The influence of NaCl and reduced pH was determined for aminopeptidase, lipase/esterase, and methanethiol-producing capability in selected lactic acid bacteria and brevibacteria in simulated cheese-like conditions. The activity of each enzyme decreased with NaCl addition and pH reduction to approximate a Cheddar cheese environment (5% NaCl and pH 5.2).

The mechanism for methanethiol …

In Vitro Growth Of Muscle Satellite Cells Isolated From Normal And Callipyge Lambs, Beatriz T. Rodriguez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The muscle hypertrophy of lambs expressing the Callipyge phenotype is possibly linked to characteristics of their muscle satellite cells. Therefore, characteristics (proliferation, fusion %, and protein accretion) of cultured satellite cells isolated from the longissimus muscle of Callipyge (n = 3) and normal (n = 3) lambs were compared in this study. In the first experiment, we tested whether or not the lll proliferation rates differ for satellite cells isolated from Callipyge or normal sheep when cultured in the presence of different serum types (horse, normal lamb, or Callipyge lamb). The average population doubling time (PDT, h) during log phase …

Influence Of Carbohydrate Starvation On The Culturability And Amino Acid Utilization Of Lactococcus Lactis, Mark R. Stuart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lactococci are widely used in the cheese industry as a starter culture. Starter cultures face carbohydrate starvation due to the absence of a fermentable carbohydrate in the cheese curd after pressing. Starvation leads to a decreased ability to synthesize ATP, generate a proton motive force, and accumulate nutrients necessary to maintain viability. The aim of this work was to investigate the culturability of lactococci grown with and without lactose in a chemically defined medium, and to define the metabolic changes that occur during carbohydrate starvation.

Lactose metabolism provided energy for logarithmic phase growth and greater cell density in L. lactis …

A Product Development Study: Rainbow Trout Bologna, Marshall Dean Smith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mechanically deboned rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was analyzed and then used in texture studies. The meat contained a moderately low amount of fat (10% ± 2%, x ± SD). Pre-deboned meat had more calcium than deboned meat (P < 0.001). Sausages were made of fish and various non-meat ingredients including egg whites, collagen, soy protein isolate, starch, cellulose, and wheat gluten. Adhesiveness, cohesiveness, hardness, shear and springiness of the cooked sausages were measured to describe texture. The data were fit to linear and quadratic models. Adhesiveness data did not fit the model (F(6,50)=1.1, P > {F{=0.37). A combined response model predicted formulations for fish sausage that would closely duplicate the texture of commercially available processed meats. A thermal model was developed that helped verify the thermal properties of rainbow trout. Thermal conductivity was measured (k == 0.48 W/m·K) and specific heat was calculated (C_p= 3200 J/kg·K).

A Study Of The Effects Of Proteolytic Adjunct Culture On The Physical And Functional Properties Of Low-Fat Mozzarella Cheese, Roxanne Stone

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

As fat is removed from Mozzarella cheese, the resulting increase in protein content causes the cheese to become tough, thus decreasing the desired physical characteristics of meltability and stretch. Low-fat (6% fat) Mozzarella cheese was manufactured with the addition of several levels of a Lactococcus lactis adjunct culture that was proteinase positive and lactose deficient in an attempt to improve these physical properties. During cheese manufacture, milk was acidified to pH 6.0, then inoculated with Lactobacillus helveticus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Experimental vats were also inoculated with either 0.25, 0.50, or 1.0% of the adjunct culture. Cheeses made with the …

Bovine Somatotropin In Milk, Charlotte P. Brennand Phd, Clell V. Bagley Dvm

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication discusses the controversy associated with Bovine Somatotropin in milk.

Interaction Of Blood Pressure And Ldl Cholesterol In Early Atherosclerosis. The Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study, Ping Sun, Kathleen M. Dwyer, Noel Bairey Merz, Wei Sun, Lisa M. Nicholson, Cheryl Nordstrom, James H. Dwyer

Food Science and Nutrition

Background. The response to injury model of atherosclerosis has been investigated in animal models but not in epidemiologic studies. Relations between LDL cholesterol and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) within levels of SBP provide a test of this model. Methods. Data are from a longitudinal study of 573 randomly sampled asymptomatic employees of a large company aged 40-60 years. IMT and change in IMT over 18 months (8IMT) were determined sonographically in the common carotid artery. 497 subjects were available for cross-sectional analysis. To investigate interactive effects of SBP and serum LDL on IMT, linear slopes (j±SE in mm/mmol/L) of IMT …

Herbs: What Is My Choice?, Brooke Dipoma Bouwhuis

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Medicating oneself with herbal remedies has become and increasing popular phenomenon. It is estimated sales of herbal products were $3.2 million in 1997 (8). One third of educated, upper income Americans aged 25-49 years old are using these products each year (8). This paper is a compilation of information regarding the herbal industry. An overview of food and drug regulations as well as reviewing the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health Education Act clarify where industry is at today. A discussion regarding Germany's Commission E and their contribution to the herbal industry as well as reasons why the US is not following …

Antioxidants And Alcohol In The Progression Of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Laura Lynne Prestwich

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Wasting syndrome in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) appears to play a role in decline of immune function. Along with poor appetite, HIV infected individuals seem to have a tendency to be heavy alcohol drinkers which may be immunosuppressive and cause malnutrition. Altered macronutrient metabolism visibly contributes to wasting; however, micronutrient deficiencies also appear to play a role. Micronutrient deficiency has also been known to decrease immune function. As part of their role as antioxidants, P-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium may be helpful in altering cell production and response to cytokines and other secretions. This may decrease viral replication …

Syndrome X: A Review Of The Cluster Of Abnormalities, Diagnosis, And Treatment, Kathryn Lundgren Gurney

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Syndrome X is a cluster of abnormalities including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, upper-body obesity, increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, decreased levels of tissue plasminogen activator, and hyperuricemia. The combined effect of these abnormalities greatly increases risk for Type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Individuals at risk for Syndrome X are those with any of the abnormalities (not necessarily all) or with a family history of diabetes, hypertension, or early-onset coronary artery disease. Treatment of Syndrome X should be early and aggressive, starting with lifestyle changes. Exercise, proper diet, and weight loss all improve insulin resistance and thereby …

Vegetarianism, Kimberly A. Folkman

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Although vegetarian eating has been around throughout recorded history, in recent years, interest in this eating style has gone up dramatically. As the number of individuals adopting vegetarian dietary practices increases, healthcare professionals are called upon to provide guidance and advice. It is the position of The American Dietetic Association that appropriately planned vegetarian diets are healthful, are nutritionally adequate, and provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. Both vegetarian and nonvegetarian eating patterns can be healthful-or detrimental to your health. Studies indicate that vegetarians often have lower morbidity and mortality rates from several chronic degenerative …