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Entomology Commons™

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2008

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Articles 211 - 231 of 231

Full-Text Articles in Entomology

Bee-To-Bee Contact Drives Oxalic Acid Distribution In Honey Bee Colonies, Nicholas P. Aliano, Marion D. Ellis Jan 2008

Bee-To-Bee Contact Drives Oxalic Acid Distribution In Honey Bee Colonies, Nicholas P. Aliano, Marion D. Ellis

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Nine divided hives were constructed to study the distribution of oxalic acid (OA). Experimental colonies were split into two equal, queenright sections with one of three divider types. The first divider allowed trophallaxis to occur between adult bees on each side, but did not allow bee-to-bee contact. The second divider did not allow trophallaxis or bee-to-bee contact. The third divider allowed both bee-to-bee contact and trophallaxis between the two sides. All three dividers allowed gas exchange of volatile materials. The objective was to investigate factors that contribute to the distribution of OA in a hive by monitoring Varroa destructor mortality. …

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Mortalités Et Dépopulations Des Colonies D’Abeilles Aux États-Unis, Marion D. Ellis, Yves Leconte Jan 2008

Mortalités Et Dépopulations Des Colonies D’Abeilles Aux États-Unis, Marion D. Ellis, Yves Leconte

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Après la France et l’Europe, les États-Unis d’Amérique subissent de plein fouet les problèmes de mortalités massives d’abeilles. Un déficit d’abeilles disponibles pour la pollinisation et les résultats d’enquêtes auprès des apiculteurs attestent clairement ce phénomène très préoccupant pour l’apiculture américaine. Y a-t-il des analogies avec ce que nous avons vécu sur nos populations d’abeilles ou bien est-ce un phénomène différent ? L’état américain débloque des fonds importants pour expliquer et lutter contre ce syndrome qui détruit leur cheptel.

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Simulations With Elaborated Worked Example Modeling: Beneficial Effects On Schema Acquisition, Debra K. Meier, Karl J. Reinhard, David O. Carter, David W. Brooks Jan 2008

Simulations With Elaborated Worked Example Modeling: Beneficial Effects On Schema Acquisition, Debra K. Meier, Karl J. Reinhard, David O. Carter, David W. Brooks

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Worked examples have been effective in enhancing learning outcomes, especially with novice learners. Most of this research has been conducted in laboratory settings. This study examined the impact of embedding elaborated worked example modeling in a computer simulation practice activity on learning achievement among 39 undergraduate students within a classroom environment. The students from one introductory forensic science course were randomly assigned to one of two groups that worked through computer-based simulations containing worked example modeling conditions presented in varied order. The computer software administered the modeled simulations, prior knowledge test, pretest, posttests, and a second domain test. Findings from …

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Using Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Egg Density To Estimate Damage And Economic Distance In Oilseed Sunflower, Kirk D. Mundal, Gary J. Brewer Jan 2008

Using Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Egg Density To Estimate Damage And Economic Distance In Oilseed Sunflower, Kirk D. Mundal, Gary J. Brewer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important economic pest of sunflower in the Upper Great Plains of North America. Economic losses due to reductions in seed number, weight, and quality can be significant. Previously, the potential for economic losses were estimated by sampling for adult moths. However, sampling for moths can be difficult and inaccurate. An alternative is to sample for banded sunflower moth eggs, which can be accurately counted in the field by using a binocular 3.5 headband magnifier. The egg counts are used to calculate the economic injury level (EIL): EIL …

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Levels Of Tolerance, Antibiosis, And Antixenosis Among Resistant Buffalograsses And Zoysiagrasses, Thomas E. Eickhoff, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Frederick P. Baxendale, John E. Foster Jan 2008

Levels Of Tolerance, Antibiosis, And Antixenosis Among Resistant Buffalograsses And Zoysiagrasses, Thomas E. Eickhoff, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Frederick P. Baxendale, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The western chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Barber, has been documented as one of the most serious pests of buffalograss, Buchloë dactyloides (Nuttall) Engelmann, and zoysiagrass, Zoysia japonica Steudel, grown for turf in midwestern states. Resistance to the western chinch bug has been identified in both buffalograsses and zoysiagrasses. Choice and no-choice studies were conducted to determine the categories (antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance) of three resistant buffalograsses (PX3-5-1’, 196’, and 184’) and three resistant zoysiagrasses (El Toro, Emerald, and Zorro). Antibiosis studies found no significant differences in survival, nymphal development, or fecundity among the resistant and susceptible buffalograsses or zoysiagrasses, …

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Influence Of Temperature On Rate Of Uptake And Subsequent Horizontal Transfer Of [14C]Fipronil By Eastern Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Neil A. Spomer, Shripat T. Kamble, Richard A. Warriner, Robert W. Davis Jan 2008

Influence Of Temperature On Rate Of Uptake And Subsequent Horizontal Transfer Of [14C]Fipronil By Eastern Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Neil A. Spomer, Shripat T. Kamble, Richard A. Warriner, Robert W. Davis

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The effect of temperature on [14C]fipronil uptake and transfer from donor (D) to recipient (R) Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) workers was evaluated. Test chambers used in the fipronil uptake study were constructed from petri dishes containing autoclaved soil treated with 1 ppm [14C]fipronil (1.14 μCi of total radioactivity per petri dish), distilled water, and R. flavipes workers. Test chambers were held in environmental growth chambers preset at 12, 17, 22, 27, and 32°C. For the fipronil transfer study, donor termites stained with Nile blue-A were exposed to soil treated with 1 ppm [14C]fipronil …

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Volatile Compounds From The Integument Of White Leghorn Chickens (Gallus Gallus Domesticus L.): Candidate Attractants Of Ornithophilic Mosquito Species, Ulrich R. Bernier, Sandra A. Allan, Brian Quinn, Daniel Kline, Donald Barnard, Gary Clark Jan 2008

Volatile Compounds From The Integument Of White Leghorn Chickens (Gallus Gallus Domesticus L.): Candidate Attractants Of Ornithophilic Mosquito Species, Ulrich R. Bernier, Sandra A. Allan, Brian Quinn, Daniel Kline, Donald Barnard, Gary Clark

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Candidate kairomones of ornithophilic mosquito species are reported from GC/MS analysis of compounds from the skin on the back, the feet, and feathers from the back of White Leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Hexane and ether extracts of chicken feathers differ significantly in attractiveness of Culex spp. mosquitoes. The active (hexane) extracts contained an abundance of alcohols, ketones, and diones. The inactive (ether) extracts contained aldehydes, which also were in the hexane extracts. Analysis of hexane extracts from chicken feet, skin, and feathers demonstrated the qualitative similarity in the compounds collected with subtle differences observed in the quantitative …

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Survival, Growth, And Behavior Of Helicoverpa Zea (Boddie) And Heliothis Virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) On Genetically Engineered Cotton Expressing The Vip3a Insecticidal Protein, Padma Latha Bommireddy Jan 2008

Survival, Growth, And Behavior Of Helicoverpa Zea (Boddie) And Heliothis Virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) On Genetically Engineered Cotton Expressing The Vip3a Insecticidal Protein, Padma Latha Bommireddy

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Larval behavior, survivorship, and injury potential of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), was evaluated on cotton plants genetically engineered to express Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins, Vip3A and Vip3A +Cry 1Ab (VipCot™). Larvae (2-d-old) of both species were infested on plant terminals of vegetative or flowering stage cotton plants. Regardless of species, more larvae migrated from the plant terminals of Vip3A and VipCot plants compared to larvae infested on a conventional non-Bt cotton line (Coker 312). Larval (2-d-old) survivorship on VipCot™ plant structures was generally lower than that on similar structures of the Vip3A cotton line. …

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Lignin Degradation In Wood-Feeding Insects, Scott M. Geib, Timothy R. Filley, Patrick G. Hatcher, Kelli Hoover, John E. Carlson, Maria Del Mar Jimenez-Gasco, Akiko Nakagawa-Izumi, Rachel L. Sleighter, Ming Tien Jan 2008

Lignin Degradation In Wood-Feeding Insects, Scott M. Geib, Timothy R. Filley, Patrick G. Hatcher, Kelli Hoover, John E. Carlson, Maria Del Mar Jimenez-Gasco, Akiko Nakagawa-Izumi, Rachel L. Sleighter, Ming Tien

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The aromatic polymer lignin protects plants from most forms of microbial attack. Despite the fact that a significant fraction of all lignocellulose degraded passes through arthropod guts, the fate of lignin in these systems is not known. Using tetramethylammonium hydroxide thermochemolysis, we show lignin degradation by two insect species, the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) and the Pacific dampwood termite (Zootermopsis angusticollis). In both the beetle and termite, significant levels of propyl side-chain oxidation (depolymerization) and demethylation of ring methoxyl groups is detected; for the termite, ring hydroxylation is also observed. In addition, culture-independent fungal gut …

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Silencing Expression Of The Defensin, Varisin, In Male Dermacentor Variabilis By Rna Interference Results In Reduced Anaplasma Marginale Infections, Katherine M. Kocan, Jose De La Fuente, Raul Manzano-Roman, Victoria Naranjo, Wayne L. Hynes, Daniel E. Sonenshine Jan 2008

Silencing Expression Of The Defensin, Varisin, In Male Dermacentor Variabilis By Rna Interference Results In Reduced Anaplasma Marginale Infections, Katherine M. Kocan, Jose De La Fuente, Raul Manzano-Roman, Victoria Naranjo, Wayne L. Hynes, Daniel E. Sonenshine

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Antimicrobial peptides, including defensins, are components of the innate immune system in ticks that have been shown to provide protection against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Varisin, one of the defensins identified in Dermacentor variabilis, was shown to be produced primarily in hemocytes but transcript levels were also expressed in midguts and other tick cells. In this research, we studied the role of varisin in the immunity of ticks to the gram-negative cattle pathogen, Anaplasma marginale. Expression of the varisin gene was silenced by RNA interference (RNAi) in which male ticks were injected with varisin dsRNA and then …

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Oviposition Behavior Partitions Aquatic Landscapes Along Predation And Nutrient Gradients, C. A. Binckley, W. J. Resetarits Jr. Jan 2008

Oviposition Behavior Partitions Aquatic Landscapes Along Predation And Nutrient Gradients, C. A. Binckley, W. J. Resetarits Jr.

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

That individuals attempt to minimize the ratio of mortality risk/growth rate (μ/g) when foraging within individual habitat patches is well established. Do species partition among spatially discrete communities embedded in complex landscapes in a similar manner? We investigated how 3 ovipositing species (2 Hyla treefrogs and a hydrophilid beetle, Tropisternus lateralis) responded to simultaneous gradients of nutrients and predation risk. Species partitioned our experimental metacommunity primarily by reducing oviposition with fish. Tropisternus positively responded to increased nutrients, but the effect decreased with increasing risk, as predicted by μ/g theory. Use of fish habitats by Tropisternus was unrelated to breeding …

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Concentration-Dependent Parsimonious Releaser Roles Of Gregarious Male Pheromone Of The Desert Locust, Schistocerca Gregaria, Edwin Rono, Peter G.N. Njagi, Magzoub O. Bashir, Ahmed Hassanali Jan 2008

Concentration-Dependent Parsimonious Releaser Roles Of Gregarious Male Pheromone Of The Desert Locust, Schistocerca Gregaria, Edwin Rono, Peter G.N. Njagi, Magzoub O. Bashir, Ahmed Hassanali

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The responses of (i) groups of crowd-reared mature males of desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria to a choice of two columns of air, one permeated with different concentrations of phenylacetonitrile (PAN), the major component of gregarious-phase male-produced pheromone, and the other untreated, and (ii) individual crowd-reared mature males of the insect to varying concentration gradients of PAN, were studied in two different types of arena. In the choice assay, locusts preferred to be within PAN-permeated air column at low relative doses of the pheromone, but away from PAN at high relative doses. In the second assay, individual locusts were arrested close …

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Insects Inhabiting The Burrows Of The Ozark Pocket Gopher In Arkansas, Peter W. Kovarik, Stephen W. Chordas Iii, H. Robison, P. Skelley, M. Connior, J. Fiene, G. Heidt Jan 2008

Insects Inhabiting The Burrows Of The Ozark Pocket Gopher In Arkansas, Peter W. Kovarik, Stephen W. Chordas Iii, H. Robison, P. Skelley, M. Connior, J. Fiene, G. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Pocket gopher burrows provide a stable environment for a variety of inquilines; hence this mammal is regarded as a keystone species. Most of the arthropods inhabiting pocket gopher burrows are restricted to this microhabitat. As part of a planned state-wide biotic survey of insects inhabiting this unusual microhabitat, we have focused our initial sampling efforts on the Ozark pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius ozarkensis; Geomyidae). In 2004 and 2005, pitfall traps were established in pocket gopher burrows and in 2007 and 2008, nests and associated chambers were excavated. Retrieved samples contained scarab, histerid, and rove beetles, cave crickets and anthomyiid flies. …

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Black Grass Bugs, Erin W. Hodgson Jan 2008

Black Grass Bugs, Erin W. Hodgson

All Current Publications

Black grass bugs are common insects in native and introduced range grasses. These insects belong to a large and diverse family of true bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae). Many species of black grass bugs occur in the United States, including 23 Irbisia spp. and 8 Labops spp. The most common species in Utah include I. pacifica and L. hesperius. Both types of black grass bugs can have adults with fully formed wings, but shortwinged forms are also naturally occurring.

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Alfalfa Stem Nematode, Kent Evans, Clark Israelsen, Mike Pace Jan 2008

Alfalfa Stem Nematode, Kent Evans, Clark Israelsen, Mike Pace

All Current Publications

Alfalfa Stem Nematode (ASN) is a nearly microscopic round worm that enters the alfalfa plant and lives in the stems and leaves, usually above ground. Under ideal conditions (wet weather in late winter or early spring, at 59-70°F), ASN can complete its life cycle from egg to reproducing adult in 19-23 days.

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Fleas, Erin W. Hodgson, Jay B. Karren, Alan H. Roe Jan 2008

Fleas, Erin W. Hodgson, Jay B. Karren, Alan H. Roe

All Current Publications

Fleas transmit disease and parasitic worms, and cause allergic dermatitis to humans and animals. There are about 2,000 different flea species in the world and at least 325 species in North America, all belonging to the order Siphonaptera. Fleas are not likely to be confused with other insects because adults are flattened dorsal-ventrally, or side-to-side.

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Human Lice, Erin W. Hodgson Jan 2008

Human Lice, Erin W. Hodgson

All Current Publications

Lice infestations on humans, called pediculosis, is very common worldwide. Lice can transmit disease and are parasitic insects on humans, pets and livestock. Lice belong to the order Phthiraptera and are generally divided into two groups based on mouthparts and feeding preferences. Chewing lice (Mallophaga) have well developed mandibles and eat skin, feathers, and fur from birds and mammals.

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Russian Wheat Aphid, Erin W. Hodgson, Jay B. Karren Jan 2008

Russian Wheat Aphid, Erin W. Hodgson, Jay B. Karren

All Current Publications

Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was first found in the U.S. in 1986, and is currently found in 16 western states (Fig. 1). In Utah, Russian wheat aphid was first detected in wheat and barley in San Juan County in 1987; now it is confirmed in every Utah county but Daggett, Piute, and Rich. Russian wheat aphids can build up to high numbers and cause significant plant damage.

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Snow Mold On Turfgrass, Kent Evans, Erin Frank, Taun Beddes, Jaydee Gunnell Jan 2008

Snow Mold On Turfgrass, Kent Evans, Erin Frank, Taun Beddes, Jaydee Gunnell

All Current Publications

Shothole borers (Fig. 1) are bark beetles that may attack stressed or injured trees. They have a wide host range, including all fruit trees grown in Utah, quince, loquat, serviceberry, wild cherry, chokecherry, mountain ash, hawthorn and elm. In Utah, apple, cherry, pear, and hawthorn are preferred hosts.

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Wheat Stripe Rust, Mike Pace, Clark Israelsen, Kent Evans, James Barnhill Jan 2008

Wheat Stripe Rust, Mike Pace, Clark Israelsen, Kent Evans, James Barnhill

All Current Publications

Stripe rust, or yellow rust, is primarily a foliar fungal disease of wheat, although it can infect spike and stem tissues. If the pathogen infects the spike (head) it causes extensive quality and grain yield loss. The disease is caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. The fungus can only survive and reproduce on wheat. It survives from one season to the next on volunteer plants.

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Novel Methods For The Control Of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), Thomas Michael Mascari Jan 2008

Novel Methods For The Control Of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), Thomas Michael Mascari

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In arid and semi-arid parts of the Old World, Phlebotomus paptasi is a significant biting pest of man and is the primary vector of Leishmania major, the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL). Phlebotomus papatasi exhibits a close association with the burrowing rodents that serve as the reservoirs of L. major. Rodent burrows are considered to be the primary habitat of immature P. papatasi in ZCL foci, and sand fly larvae have been observed feeding on rodent feces. In laboratory studies, five insecticides (diflubenzuron, novaluron, methoprene, pyriproxyfen, or ivermectin) were incorporated into the diet of Syrian hamsters and evaluated …

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