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2005

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Articles 121 - 141 of 141

Full-Text Articles in Entomology

Seasonal Abundance And Detection Of West Nile Virus In Ceratopogonids (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) In East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, Isidra Joselina Sabio Jan 2005

Seasonal Abundance And Detection Of West Nile Virus In Ceratopogonids (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) In East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, Isidra Joselina Sabio

LSU Master's Theses

The seasonal abundance and species composition of ceratopogonids (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in East Baton Rouge parish was described from light trap collections at 15 sites. A total of 4,968 collections were processed, and 48,667 ceratopogonids were collected from 20 November, 2002 through 25 November, 2004. Three genera of ceratopogonids (Forcipomyia Meigen, Atrichopogon Kieffer, and Culicoides Latrielle) and a total of 18 species of the genus Culicoides were identified. Ceratopogonids had distinctive spring and fall population peaks. Ceratopogonids were collected in every month during the study, with the exception of February 2004. These results suggest that certain species of Culicoides may …

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Liquid Feeding In The Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis Invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Kathryn Shea O'Brien Jan 2005

Liquid Feeding In The Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis Invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Kathryn Shea O'Brien

LSU Master's Theses

In order to accurately test liquid bait effectiveness in the lab, we determined that a starvation time of 96h is more appropriate than 72h of starvation time for laboratory fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) to better simulate foraging ants in the field. Densities and viscosities of two commercial baits and 20% sugar water at 25C were measured then compared to amount of material consumed per ant at these physical properties. Mean densities of 20% sugar water, Dr. Moss, and Terro were 1.051, 1.287, and 1.354 g/mL, respectively, and viscosity of each bait treatment varied in the same order but more …

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Evaluation Of Selected Refuges In A Bollgard Cotton Production System: Heliothine Movement And Effects On Boll Injury, Rhett Hunter Gable Jan 2005

Evaluation Of Selected Refuges In A Bollgard Cotton Production System: Heliothine Movement And Effects On Boll Injury, Rhett Hunter Gable

LSU Master's Theses

During 2001-2003, distribution of heliothine- (bollworm, Helicoverpa zea [Boddie], and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens [F.]) injured bolls in a transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) Bollgard® and non-Bt refuge cotton system was evaluated in several experiments. Heliothine-damaged bolls were significantly higher and seedcotton yields were lower in the non-Bt refuge than in the Bollgard® areas of fields. The highest probability in occurrence of damaged bolls was at sites near the center of the non-Bt refuge. Number of damaged bolls and probability values describing occurrence decreased from the center of the refuge to sites near the interface (adjacent rows) of the non-Bt …

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Evaluation Of Vetiver Oil And Alate Biology As Preventative Measures Against The Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes Formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Karen Elizabeth Nix Jan 2005

Evaluation Of Vetiver Oil And Alate Biology As Preventative Measures Against The Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes Formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Karen Elizabeth Nix

LSU Master's Theses

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is responsible for over $1 billion in property damage, repairs, and control in the United States. Presently, control of this exotic pest depends mainly on chemical methods. There is an increasing interest in using natural products in pest control because of their low mammalian toxicity and environmental safety. Chemical components of the roots of vetiver grass, Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash, have shown to be effective repellents and toxicants to Formosan subterranean termites. Objectives of this research were to evaluate: 1) vetiver grass root growth and its oil distribution; 2) vetiver oil, nootkatone, and …

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Evaluation Of Beauveria Bassiana And Host Plant Resistance For The Management Of Rice Stink Bug In Rice Agro-Ecosystem, Dilipkumar Thakorbhai Patel Jan 2005

Evaluation Of Beauveria Bassiana And Host Plant Resistance For The Management Of Rice Stink Bug In Rice Agro-Ecosystem, Dilipkumar Thakorbhai Patel

LSU Master's Theses

Isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin were tested for biological control of rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (Fab.), in the laboratory, in small-plot field experiments compared with conventional insecticides, and in a large-plot experiment to determine the spread and persistence of the fungus. The soil-derived isolate LRC28 was more virulent to O. pugnax adults than the rice stink bug-derived isolate RSB in a laboratory experiment. The fungal isolates did not differ from one another in reducing insect numbers or in infecting rice stink bugs in the small-plot experiments. A single application of B. bassiana reduced rice stink bug nymphs on …

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Second Record Of The Dipluran, Occasyapyx Carltoni Allen, 1988 (Japygidae) From Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Christopher Carlton Jan 2005

Second Record Of The Dipluran, Occasyapyx Carltoni Allen, 1988 (Japygidae) From Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Christopher Carlton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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In Vivo Role Of 20-Hydroxyecdysone In The Regulation Of The Vitellogenin Mrna And Egg Development In The American Dog Tick, Dermacentor Variabilis (Say), Deborah M. Thompson, Sayed M.S. Khalil, Laura A. Jeffers, Usha Ananthapadadmanaban, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Robert D. Mitchell, Christopher J. Osgood, Charles S. Apperson, R. Michael Roe Jan 2005

In Vivo Role Of 20-Hydroxyecdysone In The Regulation Of The Vitellogenin Mrna And Egg Development In The American Dog Tick, Dermacentor Variabilis (Say), Deborah M. Thompson, Sayed M.S. Khalil, Laura A. Jeffers, Usha Ananthapadadmanaban, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Robert D. Mitchell, Christopher J. Osgood, Charles S. Apperson, R. Michael Roe

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Injection of the hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E) into partially fed (virgin) female adults of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, while they are attached and feeding on the rabbit host, initiated the expression of the vitellogenin (Vg) gene, and Vg protein secretion and uptake by the ovary. The induction of egg production by 20-E in this bioassay was dose dependent in the range of 1-50 times the concentration normally found in a replete, vitellogenic female. Ticks examined 4d after the 50x treatment were still attached to the host, had numerous enlarged vitellin-filled (brown) oocytes in their ovaries, but had not …

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Identification, Cloning And Expression Of A Cry1ab Cadherin Receptor From European Corn Borer, Ostrinia Nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Ronald D. Flannagan, Cao-Guo Yu, John P. Mathis, Terry E. Meyer, Xiaomei Shi, Herbert A. A. Siqueira, Blair D. Siegfried Jan 2005

Identification, Cloning And Expression Of A Cry1ab Cadherin Receptor From European Corn Borer, Ostrinia Nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Ronald D. Flannagan, Cao-Guo Yu, John P. Mathis, Terry E. Meyer, Xiaomei Shi, Herbert A. A. Siqueira, Blair D. Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Transgenic corn expressing the Cry1Ab toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is highly toxic to European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, larvae. A putative Cry1Ab receptor (OnBt-R1) molecule was cloned and sequenced from a cDNA library prepared from midgut tissue of O. nubilalis larvae. The 5.6 Kb gene is homologous with a number of cadherin genes identified as Cry1 binding proteins in other lepidopterans. Brush border membrane vesicles were prepared using dissected midguts from late instars. A 220-kDa protein was identified as a cadherin-like molecule, which bound to Cry1Ab toxin and cross-reacted with an anti-cadherin serum developed from recombinant expression of a …

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Quality Of Transgenic Laboratory Strains Of Cochliomyia Hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Margaret L. Allen, Philip J. Scholl Jan 2005

Quality Of Transgenic Laboratory Strains Of Cochliomyia Hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Margaret L. Allen, Philip J. Scholl

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Genetically modified, mass reared insects present novel possibilities for the future of insect control. One concern about manipulation of insects is a possible loss of strain quality due to the introduction of a foreign gene of any sort into the insect genome. Eight transgenic strains of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), were compared with the wild-type parental laboratory strain in laboratory culture. Measurements of average fertility, fecundity, larval productivity, and longevity were analyzed. Two transgenic strains had significantly lower larval productivity than controls, one of which was explained by a homozygous lethal insertion of the transgene. Another strain produced …

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Review Of Integrated Pest Management In The Global Arena, By K. M. Maredia, D. Dakouo, And D. Mota-Sanchez, Gary J. Brewer Jan 2005

Review Of Integrated Pest Management In The Global Arena, By K. M. Maredia, D. Dakouo, And D. Mota-Sanchez, Gary J. Brewer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Integrated Pest Management in the Global Arena is a large book with 39 chapters and >500 pages of text. Despite the wide range of topics and numerous contributing authors, the book is consistently well written and worth reading in its entirety or by selectively choosing particular topics. The book should be a welcome reference for researchers and extension personnel across disciplines as well as for policy makers in government agencies and nongovernmental organizations working to promote integrated pest management (IPM) and sustainable agriculture. The reader can select any chapter and find a relevant discussion of IPM. As someone who teaches …

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Multiple Transatlantic Introductions Of The Western Corn Rootworm, Nicholas Miller, Arnaud Estoup, Stefan Toepfer, Denis Bourguet, Laurent Lapchin, Sylvie Derridj, Kyung Seok Kim, Philippe Reynaud, Lorenzo Furlan, Thomas Guillemaud Jan 2005

Multiple Transatlantic Introductions Of The Western Corn Rootworm, Nicholas Miller, Arnaud Estoup, Stefan Toepfer, Denis Bourguet, Laurent Lapchin, Sylvie Derridj, Kyung Seok Kim, Philippe Reynaud, Lorenzo Furlan, Thomas Guillemaud

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Prevention of biological invasions, as opposed to remedial eradication of invasive species, represents the most cost-effective and perhaps only hope for stemming the current homogenization of the world's biota (1). Here we describe the introduction routes into Europe of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, WCR), the most destructive pest of corn in the United States. Armed with this knowledge, it will be possible to better gauge the prevention strategies that might be adopted

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91. Biodiversidade E Abundância De Insetos E Seletividade De Inseticidas Na Eea-Irga, Cachoeirinha, Rs, Tiago Finger Andreis, Leila Lucia Fritz, Elvis Arden Heinrichs, Marciele Pandolfo, Letícia Diaz Da Silva, Jaime Vargas De Oliveira, Lidia Mariana Fiuza Jan 2005

91. Biodiversidade E Abundância De Insetos E Seletividade De Inseticidas Na Eea-Irga, Cachoeirinha, Rs, Tiago Finger Andreis, Leila Lucia Fritz, Elvis Arden Heinrichs, Marciele Pandolfo, Letícia Diaz Da Silva, Jaime Vargas De Oliveira, Lidia Mariana Fiuza

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Introdução: Os ecossistemas que compreendem as áreas de arroz irrigado e seus arredores abrigam uma grande diversidade de insetos (Hook, 1994). Muitos possuem importância para o homem, dentre eles os insetos-praga, que podem causar grandes impactos e prejuízos em lavouras orizícolas devido aos seus hábitos alimentares e reprodutivos. Outros insetos fazem parte desses agroecossistemas, como os inimigos-naturais, que compreendem predadores e parasitóides, que auxiliam no controle de insetospraga, desempenhando um papel fundamental no Manejo Integrado de Pragas (Heinrichs e Barrion, 2004). Nesse contexto, esse estudo objetivou avaliar a biodiversidade abundância de insetos, e a seletividade de inseticidas nas áreas de …

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Expressed Sequence Tags From Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Midgut Identify A Coleopteran Cadherin And A Diversity Of Cathepsins, Blair D. Siegfried, N. Waterfield, R. H. Ffrench-Constant Jan 2005

Expressed Sequence Tags From Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Midgut Identify A Coleopteran Cadherin And A Diversity Of Cathepsins, Blair D. Siegfried, N. Waterfield, R. H. Ffrench-Constant

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The Western corn rootworm is the major pest of corn in the USA and has recently become the target for insect-resistant transgenic crops. Transgenic crops have switched the focus for identifying insecticide targets from the insect nervous system to the midgut. Here we describe a collection of 691 sequences from the Western corn rootworm midgut, 27% of which predict proteins with no matches in current databases. Of the remaining sequences, most predict proteins with either catalytic (62%) or binding (19%) functions, as expected for proteins expressed in the insect midgut. The utility of this approach for the identification of targets …

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Susceptibility Of Biological Stages Of The Horn Fly, Haematobia Irritans, To Entomopathogenic Fungi (Hyphomycetes), C. A. Angel-Sahagún, R. Lezama-Gutiérrez, J. Molina-Ochoa, E. Galindo-Velasco, M. López-Edwards, O. Rebolledo-Domínguez, C. Cruz-Vázquez, W. P. Reyes-Velázquez, S. R. Skoda, John E. Foster Jan 2005

Susceptibility Of Biological Stages Of The Horn Fly, Haematobia Irritans, To Entomopathogenic Fungi (Hyphomycetes), C. A. Angel-Sahagún, R. Lezama-Gutiérrez, J. Molina-Ochoa, E. Galindo-Velasco, M. López-Edwards, O. Rebolledo-Domínguez, C. Cruz-Vázquez, W. P. Reyes-Velázquez, S. R. Skoda, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The susceptibility of the egg, pupa, and adult of Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) to isolates of the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sor., Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown and Smith, was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Groups of 20 eggs than 4 h old, pupae less than 48h old and adults were sprayed with a conidial suspension of each isolate. Eggs, pupae and adults of horn fly were susceptible to these entomopathogenic fungi. For treated eggs, the isolates Ma3, Ma 15, Ma25, Pfr1, and Pfr8 reduced adult emergence to 3.8% to 6.3% in comparison with the control …

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A Strategy For Using Powdered Sugar To Reduce Varroa Populations In Honey Bee Colonies, Nicholas P. Aliano, Marion D. Ellis Jan 2005

A Strategy For Using Powdered Sugar To Reduce Varroa Populations In Honey Bee Colonies, Nicholas P. Aliano, Marion D. Ellis

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

We developed a technique to remove varroa (Varroa destructor) from adult honey bees (Apis mellifera) using powdered sugar. Our technique requires isolating a colony’s adult bee population in a detachable box prior to powdered sugar application. We designed a detachable ‘bee box’ that connects to the colony’s entrance and is capable of holding the adult bee population. By applying a bee repellent, Bee Go®, to a colony, we forced adult bees into the bee box where they were subsequently dusted with 225 g of powdered sugar. Adult honey bee populations treated in this manner dropped 76.7 ± 3.6% (n = …

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El Niño Causes Dramatic Outbreak Of Paederus Dermatitis In East Africa, Ingeborg M.C.J. Van Schayk, Ruben O. Agwanda, John I. Githure, John C. Beier, Bart G.J. Knols Jan 2005

El Niño Causes Dramatic Outbreak Of Paederus Dermatitis In East Africa, Ingeborg M.C.J. Van Schayk, Ruben O. Agwanda, John I. Githure, John C. Beier, Bart G.J. Knols

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

An outbreak of Paederus sabaeus rove beetles in Kenya during the 1997-1998 El Niño resulted in a dramatic increase of vesicular dermatitis in its capital Nairobi. The beetle, popularly called ‘Nairobi Fly’, contains a potent toxic fluid that causes epidermolysis and acute conjunctivitis. A cross-sectional epidemiological study involving 1,208 Nairobi residents was conducted to determine the health impact of this outbreak. The results showed that one-third of the Nairobi population were infected during this period. The majority of the respondents reported lesions on exposed body parts above the shoulders. Disfiguring, painful blisters and skin rashes in and around the facial …

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Host Blood Proteins And Peptides In The Midgut Of The Tick Dermacentor Variabilis Contribute To Bacterial Control, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Wayne L. Hynes, Shane M. Ceraul, Robert Mitchell, Tiffany Benzine Jan 2005

Host Blood Proteins And Peptides In The Midgut Of The Tick Dermacentor Variabilis Contribute To Bacterial Control, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Wayne L. Hynes, Shane M. Ceraul, Robert Mitchell, Tiffany Benzine

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Antimicrobial midgut proteins and peptides that result from blood digestion in feeding American dog ticks Dermacentor variabilis (Say) were identified. Midgut extracts from these ticks showed antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus, regardless of whether they were challenged with peptidoglycan, blood meal components, rabbit blood, Bacillus subtilis, Escherischia coli or Borrelia burgdorferi. However, no peptide band co-migrating with defensin was found in midgut extracts from the challenged ticks. Partial purification of the midgut extracts using C18 Sep Paks and gel electrophoresis showed the presence of 4 distinct bands with rMW 4.1, 5.3, 5.7 and 8.0 kDa identified …

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Defensin In Ticks: Molecular Characterization, Expression, And Role In Innate Immunity, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Wayne L. Hynes, Shane M. Ceraul, Michelle Todd Jan 2005

Defensin In Ticks: Molecular Characterization, Expression, And Role In Innate Immunity, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Wayne L. Hynes, Shane M. Ceraul, Michelle Todd

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Presence Of Plasmodium Falciparum Gametocytes In Human Blood Increases The Gravidity Of Anopheles Gambiae Mosquitoes, Heather M. Ferguson, Louis C. Gouagna, Peter Obare, Andrew F. Read, Hamza Babiker, John Githure, John C. Beier Jan 2005

The Presence Of Plasmodium Falciparum Gametocytes In Human Blood Increases The Gravidity Of Anopheles Gambiae Mosquitoes, Heather M. Ferguson, Louis C. Gouagna, Peter Obare, Andrew F. Read, Hamza Babiker, John Githure, John C. Beier

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

We conducted a field study in an area of endemic malaria transmission in western Kenya to determine whether mosquitoes that feed on gametocyte-infected blood but do not become infected have reduced or enhanced fecundity in comparison to mosquitoes fed on uninfected blood. Fifteen paired membrane-feeding experiments were conducted in which two strains of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were simultaneously fed on either Plasmodium falciparum-infected blood from children or uninfected control blood from adults. The presence of noninfecting gametocytes in blood increased the probability that An. gambiae would produce eggs after one blood meal by sixfold (odds ratio for control relative to …

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Functional Response Of Six Indigenous Trichogrammatid Egg Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) In Kenya: Influence Of Temperature And Relative Humidity, Andrew Kalyebi, W. A. Overholt, F. Schulthess, J. M. Mueke, S. A. Hassan, S. Sithanantham Jan 2005

Functional Response Of Six Indigenous Trichogrammatid Egg Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) In Kenya: Influence Of Temperature And Relative Humidity, Andrew Kalyebi, W. A. Overholt, F. Schulthess, J. M. Mueke, S. A. Hassan, S. Sithanantham

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the functional responses of six species/strains of native Kenyan trichogrammatids using the factitious pyralid host, Corcyra cephalonica, under different temperature and relative humidity regimes. The objective was to identify promising species/strains for controlling the noctuid Helicoverpa armigera, a serious pest of vegetables in Kenya. The six species/strains of Trichogramma and Trichogrammatoidea represented collections from low (<700 m), mid (between 700 and 1200 m) and high (>1200 m) altitude locations. They were compared for parasitisation rates at six temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C) and two relative humidity levels (40-50% and 70-80%), at five host egg densities (6, 12, 18, 24, and …

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Revision Of Pocadius Erichson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), Andrew R. Cline Jan 2005

Revision Of Pocadius Erichson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), Andrew R. Cline

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A revision of Pocadius Erichson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) was completed. A total of 46 species were (re)described, including 25 new species, a key to species constructed, and phylogenetic analysis performed. Taxonomic changes, including nomenclatural emendations, reinstatement of species, and description of new taxa, within this dissertation do not constitute formal changes as defined by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Illustrations of the genitalia, key characters, and dorsal habitus of species are provided. The phylogeny demonstrates a monophyletic Pocadius. The phylogeny suggests a Palearctic origin of the genus with subsequent speciation into the Old World tropics and New World. Host specialization …

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