Entomology Commons^™

Distribution Of The Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) Within Cotton Plants, Gordon Snodgrass

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The within-plant distribution of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., was determined during June through the 1st week in August in 1992 and 1993 at Stoneville, MS. Locations of adults and nymphs in cotton were determined weekly using visual searches of whole plants or plant sections (mainstem terminals, upper and lower plant halves below the mainstem terminals). The distributions of adults and nymphs found in the morning (0900-1100 hours) in 1992 were not significantly different from their distributions found in the afternoon (1300-1500 hours). Adults had a significantly different distribution than nymphs …

Dispersal And Longevity Of Mass-Released, Sterilized Mexican Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), Donald B. Thomas, Jesus Loera-Gallardo

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Trap-back experiments using McPhail traps were conducted to study dispersal and longevity of mass-released, sterile Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew). The flies were released at 3 ecologically different sites in northern Mexico. Some flies were recaptured up to 9 km from the release point. However, standard distance was estimated using a regression model that indicated 240 m was the typical dispersal distance. The life expectancy of the released flies from the time of release varied from 5 to 10 d. Greatest longevity, up to 22 wk, occurred during the winter months.

Developing Mating Disruption Of Obliquebanded Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) In Washington State, A. L. Knight, D. R. Thomson, S. D. Cockfield

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Field studies were conducted from 1992 to 1996 to select the most effective sex pheromone blend for mating disruption of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), in tree fruit orchards in Washington. Dispensers loaded with a 2-component pheromone blend, (Z)-1l-tetradecen-1-yl (Zll-14:0Ac) and (E)-1l-tetradecen-1-yl (Ell-14:0Ac), a 3-component blend that included the addition of (Z)-ll-tetradecenal (Zll-14:Ald), and a 4-component blend also including (Z)-1l-tetradecen-1-o1 (Zll-14:0H) were compared within O.l-ha orchard plots and 100-m² field cages. The addition ofZll-14:Ald to the 2 acetate components with or without Zll-14:0H did not improve mating or disruption of communication. No disruption occurred in field cages treated …

Depth Of Pupation And Survival Of Fruit Fly (Anastrepha Spp.: Tephritidae) Pupae In A Range Of Agricultural Habitats, P. Jane Hodgson, L John Sivinski, Gemma Quintero, Martin Aluja

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

In central Veracruz State, Mexico, tephritid fruit fly pupae are commonly attacked by ants, staphylinid beetles, and other predators. Excavations in 2 sites with different soil characteristics revealed that Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae typically burrowed no >2 cm before pupating and rarely burrowed >5 cm. At 4 field sites, pupae of the most commonly encountered local Anastrepha sp. (A. obliqua, ludens, and striata or fraterculus) were placed on the soil surface and at depths of 2.5 and 5 cm and were subsequently sampled daily for 10 d. Pupae on the surface invariably disappeared at a greater …

Chemical Attractants For Trapping Yellow Jackets Vespula Germanica And Vespula Pensylvanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), Peter Landolt

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Worker yellowjackets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) were captured in traps baited with combinations of an aqueous solution of acetic acid and polyethylene caps loaded with either butyl butyrate, heptyl butyrate, or isobutanol. Vespula germanica (F.) were captured in large numbers in traps baited with acetic acid and isobutanol or acetic acid and butyl butyrate. Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure) were captured in large numbers in traps baited with heptyl butyrate, acetic acid and heptyl butyrate, acetic acid and butyl butyrate, and acetic acid and isobutanol. Acetic acid generally enhanced the attractiveness of these other compounds to V. pensylvanica and V germanica. Vespula atropilosa …

Bait Preference By The Argentine Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) In Haleakala National Park, Hawaii, Paul D. Krushelnycky, Neil J. Reimer

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), has proven to be a threat to native arthropod species in Haleakala National Park, Maui, HI, and is also a potential threat to the park's native flora. As it continues to expand its range, an effort has been undertaken to eradicate it, or at the least, control its spread. The 1st part of this effort focused on finding a bait carrier for subsequent toxicant-based control tests. A year-long bait preference test was implemented at each of the ant's 2 infestation sites in Haleakala National Park, in which 6 solid baits and 2 liquid baits …

An Immunomarking Technique For Labeling Minute Parasitoids, James Hagler, Charles Jackson

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

A laboratory study was conducted to examine the efficacy of a novel immunomarking technique on Anaphes iole Girault, a minute parasitoid of Lygus spp. eggs. Adult A. iole were marked with the readily available mammal protein, rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG), by 3 different application methods. Adult parasitoids were marked internally by feeding them a honey solution spiked with rabbit IgG and externally by contact exposure or topical mist. Marked individuals were then assayed using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of the IgG marker using an antibody specific to rabbit IgG (antirabbit IgG developed in goat) . …

Geostatistical Characterization Of The Spatial Distribution Of Adult Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Emergence, M. M. Ellsbury, W. D. Woodson, S. A. Clay, D. Malo, J. Schumacher, D. E. Clay, C. G. Carlson

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Geostatistical methods were used to characterize spatial variability in western (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and northern (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence) corn rootworm adult emergence patterns. Semivariograms were calculated for adult emergence density of corn rootworm populations in fields of continuous corn and rotated (corn/ soybean) corn. Adult emergence densities were generally greater for northern corn rootworms than for western corn rootworms. The spatial structures of the adult rootworm emergence were aggregated as described by spherical spatial models for western corn rootworm and exponential models for northern corn rootworm. Range of spatial dependence varied from 180 to 550 …

Impact Of Temperature And Humidity On Host-Pathogen Interactions Between Beauveria Bassiana And A Coccinellid, R. R. James, B. A. Croft, B. T. Shaffer, B. Lighthart

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

We tested the effect of 2 exposure methods and 2 environmental factors, temperature and humidity, on Beauceria bassiana (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) mycosis in Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). We found that the standard EPA bioassay method of exposing nontarget insects by immersion resulted in a per-insect dose that was 5 times greater than that from spray applications. However, this difference did not significantly affect mycosis levels in a simulation of field applications conducted in the greenhouse. In contrast, differences in environmental conditions between the laboratory and greenhouse had a large effect on mycosis. Constant temperatures between 15 and 35°C had a …

Host Specificity Of Bangastemus Orientalis Capiomont (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Introduced Into The United States For Biological Control Of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea Solstitialis L., Asteraceae: Carduae), Gaetano Campobasso, Rouhollah Sobhian, Lloyd Knutson, Gianni Terragitti

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The weevil Bangastemus orientalis Capiomont was selected as a candidate for the biological control of Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle) in the United States. Its potential host range was studied during 1982, 1983, and 1984 in Rome, Italy, using populations collected from C. solstitialis in Thermi near Thessaloniki and Kozani in northern Greece. Adults laid eggs only on members of the genus Centaurea and the thistle Onopordum acanthium; eggs laid on O. acanthium hatched but 1st instars died before entering buds. There was no significant difference in the number of eggs laid on various U.S. and Italian strains of …

Herbivore Adaptations To A Low-Nutrient Food: Weed Biological Control Specialist Spodoptera Pectinicornis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fed The Floating Aquatic Plant Pistia Stratiotes, G. S. Wheeler, T. K. Van, T. D. Center

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Performance of the specialist herbivore Spodoptera pectinicomis (Hampson) was studied when fed the floating aquatic plant waterlettuce, Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae). Plants were either collected from 6 populations in southern Florida or from plants grown with low or high fertilizer levels. Consumption of leaves with increasing toughness resulted in increased larval mortality (>80%); most mortality occurred during the first 2 instars. Larvae compensated for low-nitrogen leaves by increasing fresh weight consumption 3-fold. Both developmental time and biomass gain were effected by the source of the plants but these performance parameters were not directly related to either leaf toughness or …

Using Ant Species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) As A Biological Indicator Of Agroecosystem Condition, Steven L. Peck, Betty Mcquaid, C. Lee Campbell

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Ant species assemblages have been used as biological indicators of environmental condition in many different ecosystems. To assess the potential of using ants as environmental indicators of agroecosystem condition, ants were collected from a stratified random sample of agricultural fields planted in annually harvested herbaceous crops at 90 sites in North Carolina and Virginia. The ants were identified to species and correlations with soil, management and crop variables were examined as the 1st step in developing an environmental indicator of agroecosystem condition. A total of 41 species of ants was found. Ant species assemblages were found to differ significantly between …

Selectivity Of Whitefly Traps In Cotton For Eretmocerus Eremicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), A Native Parasitoid Of Bemisia Argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), K. A. Hoelmer, W. J. Roltsch, E. C. Chu, T. J. Hekneberry

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Yellow sticky traps are widely used for monitoring and management of whiteflies and certain other pests and have also been used to monitor their natural enemy activity. A new, nonsticky whitefly trap (CC trap), standard yellow sticky cards, and clear colorless sticky cards were evaluated in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to compare their attractiveness to Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich, an aphelinid parasitoid of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring [=Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-strain 1 that is indigenous to southwestern U.S. deserts. The CC traps caught an average of 264 adult whiteflies during 24-h test periods compared with 523 …

Reverting Conservation Reserve Program Lands To Wheat And Livestock Production: Effects On Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages, B. Wade French, Norman C. Elliott, Richard C. Berberet

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Highly erodible lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program soon will revert to agricultural production. This study was designed to determine the effects of reversion of Conservation Reserve Program lands to wheat and livestock production on ground beetle assemblages. Reversion strategies included no reversion of Conservation Reserve Program grass (unmanaged bluestem), simulated grazing of Conservation Reserve Program grass (managed bluestem), minimum- tillage practices for wheat production, and no-tillage practices for wheat production. A randomized block experimental design was established with 4 replicates. More ground beetles were captured in pitfall traps in 1995 than in 1996, and abundances within years differed …

Relationship Of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Egg Mass Age To Persistence And Color, And An Evaluation Of Two Methods To Distinguish New And Old Egg Masses, Kevin W. Thorpe

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

It is necessary to distinguish new and old gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), egg masses when conducting gypsy moth population surveys. Egg masses within reach from the ground are touched to determine if they contain unhatched eggs and thus are considered new. The following 2 methods are used for egg masses not within reach: (1) visual discrimination between new and old egg masses or (2) by calculating the percentage of new egg masses at ground level and using this value to adjust counts of all egg masses not within reach. To evaluate these methods, egg-mass persistence and color between generations, …

Oviposition Response Of Cotesia Plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) To Sterile And Normal Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Larvae, J. S. Okine, E. R. Mitchell, J. Carpenter, C. Y. Hu

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Augmentative release of the endoparasitoid Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) to control diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), in cabbage, Brassica oleracea variety capitata (L.), would be expensive for growers if done continually during a growing season. A method for establishing released parasitoids would be very beneficial in the control of this pest. One method under consideration is to use sterile diamondback moth larvae deposited on 'nursery' collard plants as hosts for C. plutellae to allow the parasitoid to build up in numbers and spread into adjacent cabbage fields. Therefore, the ability of C. plutellae to accept and develop successfully in normal and …

Monitoring Solitary Bees In Modified Wildland Habitats: Implications For Bee Ecology And Conservation, Gordon Frankie, Robbin W. Thorp, Linda E. Newstrom-Lloyd, Mark A. Rizzardi, John F. Barthell, Terry L. Griswold, Jong-Yoon Kim, Shanthi Kappagoda

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The long-term goal of this study was to use solitary bees to assess the impact of advancing Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifcra scutellata Lepeletier) on the native California bee fauna. Cavity-nesting, solitary bee species were systematically monitored in wooden trap nests at 6 sites in northern central California from 1990 to 1992. Three sites were in the San Joaquin Valley in wildlife refuges or preserves; 3 were in coastal mountain or Sierran foothill parks or reserves. Differences in frequencies of nesting bees were observed and recorded among sites and habitats through time. A Poisson regression indicated that all explanatory …

Influence Of Soybean Canopy Closure On Predator Abundances And Predation On Helicoverpa Zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs, Aaron C. Anderson, Kenneth V. Yeargan

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Planting soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill early and in narrow rows is the most effective cultural control for preventing outbreaks of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in soybean. Soybeans planted early in narrow rows close canopy earlier in the season compared with soybeans planted late and in wide rows (i.e., leaves of plants from adjacent rows touch each other and eventually become densely interwoven). Although several lines of research have established dramatically higher mortality for corn earworm eggs or small larvae in closed canopies, none has found the cause. In 1994 and 1995, we planted soybeans in every combination of early …

Colonization Of An Ozark Mountain City By The Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes Albopictus), Shelley Pfitzner, David H. Jamieson, Larry A. Olson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Food Preference In Drosophila Robusta And Drosophila Tripunctata Following Desiccation, Brad Horton

Presidential Scholars Theses (1990 – 2006)

Drosophila tripunctata and Drosophila robusta are local species trapped on the University of Northern Iowa preserve off of University Avenue. Drosophila literally means "lover of dew". Tripunctata means "three points", it has 3 points on its abdomen. Robusta means "robust", of which this species definitely is. D. tripunctata are a small species, which leaves them with a low volume/surface area ratio. This means they are more susceptible to environmental extremes, particularly the loss of water. D. robusta are a large and "robust" fly, and they are more tolerant of such environmental hardships. "Desiccation" is drying out, or to remove moisture. …

Comparison Of Esterases Between Life Stages And Sexes Of Resistant And Susceptible Strains Of German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), No-Joong Park, Shripat T. Kamble

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Esterase activity between the resistant Crawford and susceptible CSMA strains of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), was compared with the substrates α- and β-naphthyl acetate across sex and nymphal age classes. Esterase isozyme analysis with native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also was conducted to identify quantitative and qualitative differences between strains, sexes, and age classes. The Crawford strain was highly resistant to cypermethrin, propoxur, and permethrin with a resistant ratio (RR) of 17.26,15.75,and 13.53, respectively, and mildly resistant to chlorpyrifos (RR 5.62). The α-NA and β-NA esterase activities in the Crawford strain were significantly higher than those activities in the CSMA …

Sunflower Resistance To The Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Huihua Gao, Gary J. Brewer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The red sunflowerseed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major insect pest of sunflower in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota. Economic damage is caused by the larvae which are internal seed feeders. During the 1992-1995 growing seasons, sunflower accessions were artificially infested and evaluated for resistance to the red sunflower seed weevil. Accessions 170411, 253417, and 170424 were resistant to the red sunflower seed weevil. Morphological types within accessions170411 and 170424 varied for seed and pollen color and resistance to the red sunflower seed weevil. The resistant variant of accession170424 had 45% of the seed damage of …

Genetic Variation In North American Black Flies In The Subgenus Psilopelmia (Simulium: Diptera: Simuliidae), Jianming Tang, John K. Moulton, Kenneth Pruess, Eddie W. Cupp, Thomas R. Unnasch

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Resolution of the genetic heterogeneity of closely related insect species depends on the selection of reliable genetic markers derived from representative specimens. We report the results of a survey of genetic variability in nine species of black flies in the subgenus Psilopelmia Enderlein. Three regions of the mitochondrial genome and an amplicon including the internal transcribed spacer 1 of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene cluster (ITS1) were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the amplicons were examined for intraspecific and interspecific polymorphisms. Six of the seven Psilopelmia species that yielded PCR products in the ITS1 PCR reaction were …

Review Of The Costa Rican Glaphyriinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae), M. Alma Solis, David Adamski

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

Thirty-one species of Glaphyriinae (Crambidae: Pyraloidea) from Costa Rica are reviewed, including nine new species: Aureopteryx olufsoni, Eupoca haakei, Glaphyria tetra spina, Glaphyria spinacrista, Glaphyria stellaspina, Glaphyria spinasingularis, Lipocosma rosalia, Lipocosma pitilla, and Lipocosma fonsecai. Lipocosma teliferalis Dyar is a junior synonym of Lipocosma punctissimalis Dyar, Lipocosma plagalis Schaus is a junior synonym of Lipocosma ausonialis (Druce), and Parambia gleanealis Dyar is a junior synonym of Parambia gnomosynalis Dyar. A key to the identification of Costa Rican species is provided. The presence of a pseudognathos in the male genitalia and modified scales on the area between CuA_{2 …}

Seasonal Patterns Of Nitrogen Fixation In Termites, A. D. Curtis, D. A. Waller

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Summary

1. Termite nitrogenase activity was highest in autumn and spring (≈ 3 µg N₂ fixed termite fresh mass (g)^–1 day^–1) and lowest in winter and summer (≈ 0·8 µg N₂ fixed termite fresh mass (g)^–1 day^–1).

2. The nitrogenase activity of worker termites was significantly higher than all other castes (1·58 ± 0·27 µg N₂ fixed termite fresh mass (g)^–1 day^–1).

3. Worker termites constituted the largest proportion of all the castes throughout the study period (≈ 90%).

4. The localized input of fixed nitrogen by termites …

The Soil Acarine Fauna Of Selected Agroecosystems Within The York Shire, Derek Juan Swarts

Theses : Honours

The practice of broadacre, dryland farming is known to affect the physico-chemical structure of the soil but our knowledge or its impact on the biological structure is rudimentary. The soil acarine (mite) communities which inhabit these soils display a variety of responses to this agricultural practice. With the increasing focus on developing ecologically sustainable agricultural techniques, an understanding of the soil acari becomes increasingly important. This study investigated the impact of two agricultural practices (designated here us Conventional and Non-Conventional) upon the abundance and diversity of the soil acari. Conventional agricultural practice involved broad scale chemical application to weeds and …

Susceptibility Of House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae To Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae, David B. Taylor, Allen L. Szalanski, Byron J. Adams, Richard D. Peterson Ii

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The potential for entomopathogenic nematodes to control flies in cattle feedlots was determined by screening 40 strains representing 8 species of Heterorhabditis Poinar and 5 species of Steinernema Travassos for virulence toward 3rd-instar house flies (maggots), Musca domestica L. None of the 22 strains of Heterorhabditis infecting maggots caused significant levels of mortality in a filter paper assay. Ten strains of Steinernema infected maggots, of which 7 strains--4 S. carpocapsa (Weiser), 2 S. feltiae (Filipjev), and 1 S. scapterisci (Nguyen & Smart) caused significant mortality. Ten Heterorhabditis strains and 10 Steinernema strains successllly reproduced for 22 generations in maggots. No …

Development Of Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae) And Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) On Three Diets, Jawahar L. Jyoti, Gary J. Brewer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A comparative study of the effects of sunflower moth diet, banded sunflower moth diet, and a modified sunflower moth diet was conducted on banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, and sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst). Developmental times and survival to the pupal and adult stages were measured for each diet and pest species. Modified sunflower moth diet with incorporated sunflower leaf tissue gave faster developmental times and a higher percent pupation and adult eclosion for both sunflower moth species than either sunflower moth diet or banded sunflower moth diet. The modified sunflower moth diet that incorporates sunflower leaf tissue provides …

Arthropods On Pine Foliage In Urban Landscapes, Mary Ellen Dix, Frederick P. Baxendale

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Urban landscapes are dense heterogenous matrices composed of turf broken up by tree patches or corridors (Forman and Godron, 1986, Landscape ecology. John Wiley, NY). Trees and their associated understory vegetation in the urban landscape provide food and protective habitat for many arthropods and their natural enemies and increase biological and spatial diversity (Andow, 1991, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 36:561-586). Pest management strategies that enhance the abundance of natural predator populations are alternatives to chemical pesticides. The goal of this research was to obtain essential baseline information on pine trees in turf landscapes by identifying common families or classes of arthropod …

Susceptibility Of House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae To Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae), David B. Taylor, Allen L. Szalanski, Byron J. Adams, Richard D. Peterson Ii

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The potential for entomopathogenic nematodes to control flies in cattle feedlots was determined by screening 40 strains representing 8 species of Heterorhabditis Poinar and 5 species of Steinemema Travassos for virulence toward 3rd-instar house flies (maggots), Musca domestica L. None of the 22 strains of Heterorhabditis infecting maggots caused significant levels of mortality in a filter paper assay. Ten strains of Steinemema infected maggots, of which 7 strains (4 S. carpocapsae (Weiser), 2 S.feltiae (Filipjev), and 1 S. scapterisci Nguyen & Smart) caused significant mortality. Ten Heterorhabditis strains and 10 Steinemema strains successfully reproduced for ≥ 2 generations in maggots. …