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1998

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Articles 121 - 134 of 134

Full-Text Articles in Entomology

Parasitoids Recovered From European Corn Borer, Ostrinia Nubilalis Hübner, (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae In Nebraska, Thomas L. Clark, John E. Foster, John F. Witkowski, Blair D. Siegfried, Terence A. Spencer Jan 1998

Parasitoids Recovered From European Corn Borer, Ostrinia Nubilalis Hübner, (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae In Nebraska, Thomas L. Clark, John E. Foster, John F. Witkowski, Blair D. Siegfried, Terence A. Spencer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Information about the current status of parasitoids attacking European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). larvae is lacking in Nebraska. This study was conducted at multiple sites in 5 counties during 1995 and 1996 to determine the presence and prevalence of European com borer parasitoids in Eastern Nebraska. The braconid, Macrocentrus grandii Goidanich. was recovered from 8.9 and 10.2% of collected 5th instar European com borer larvae during 1995 and 1996, respectively. Recovery of this parasitoid had not been previously reported in Nebraska. Meanwhile. the ichneumonid, Eriborus terebrans (Gravenhorst), was recovered from 7.6 and 7.5% of collected larvae during the same …


Entomology In The Developing World, Elvis A. Heinrichs Jan 1998

Entomology In The Developing World, Elvis A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The global population continues to increase at an alarming rate, with 90% of the added population, or 85 million per year, occurring in the developing nations of the world. From 1950 to 1980, world food production doubled, with increases in the developing countries exceeding that of the developed countries. However, food production was not able to keep pace with the population in the developing world, where population increases were twice the rate of those in the developed world. Increases in per capita food production since the 1950s have been only one-third of the developed world because increased food production has …


The Brachiacantha (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Of Illinois, Harry Wilson Montgomery Jr. Jan 1998

The Brachiacantha (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Of Illinois, Harry Wilson Montgomery Jr.

Masters Theses

The Illinois fauna of Brachiacantha (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is treated in this paper. Seven species were found to occur in Illinois through active collecting and study of specimens from 16 museums and private collections. A key to the identification of adults, descriptions of the adults, habitus photographs and national and state distribution maps are provided. The most commonly collected Illinois species are B. ursina, B. felina, B. quadripunctata quadripunctata and B. decempustulata. Uncommonly collected species are B. dentipes and B. rotunda. Brachiacantha indubitabilis is represented in the Illinois fauna only by the lectotype for the species. Malaise traps, sweep netting, yellow …


Technique For Rlem Screening In Glasshouse, Krzysztof S. Gajda Jan 1998

Technique For Rlem Screening In Glasshouse, Krzysztof S. Gajda

Grain and other field crops published reports

The redlegged earth mite (RLEM) Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) (Acarina: Penthaleidae) is an introduced, major pest of crops and pastures across south Australia. RLEM adversely effect pasture by destroying legume seedlings in germinating pastures and reducing pasture production and seed yield. One of the ways to reduce the effect of RLEM is by breeding legume cultivars with RLEM resistance. This involves screening of many hundreds of potentially resistant plants and lines in a short time. In WA, at Agriculture Western Australia, South Perth, a screening program for resistance to RLEM in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterranean) and annual medics (Medicago ssp.) has …


Short Report: Influence Of Centers For Disease Control Light Trap Position, Relative To A Human-Baited Bed Net, On Catches Of Anopheles Gambiae And Culex Quinquefasciatus In Tanzania, Leonard E.G. Mboera, Japhet Kihonda, Marieta A.H. Braks, Bart G.J. Knols Jan 1998

Short Report: Influence Of Centers For Disease Control Light Trap Position, Relative To A Human-Baited Bed Net, On Catches Of Anopheles Gambiae And Culex Quinquefasciatus In Tanzania, Leonard E.G. Mboera, Japhet Kihonda, Marieta A.H. Braks, Bart G.J. Knols

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The best position for Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta, GA) light traps, in relation to human-occupied bed nets for trapping of host-seeking Anopheles gambiae Giles and Culex quinquefasciatus Say mosquitoes, was determined in Tanzania. Significantly higher catches were recorded for both species when the trap was positioned at the foot end of the bed, near the top of the net. Parity rates were significantly higher near the top of the net than at the level of the host. Since trap position affects the catch size and the proportion of infectious mosquitoes therein, standardized use of this sampling technique for estimating …


Evidence Of Antibiosis Resistance To The Spotted Stemborer, Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) In A Maize (Zea Mays L.) Population, C. J.M. Mutinda, K. N. Saxena, S. O. Ajala, P. O. Aviecho Jan 1998

Evidence Of Antibiosis Resistance To The Spotted Stemborer, Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) In A Maize (Zea Mays L.) Population, C. J.M. Mutinda, K. N. Saxena, S. O. Ajala, P. O. Aviecho

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

S2 line and S2 test-cross recurrent selection procedures were initiated to improve the resistance of a maize (Zen mays L.) population to the spotted stemborer, Chllo partclltis (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Thirty-five selections developed from the population were evaluated for resistance to the stemborer in western Kenya. Resistance was rated according to leaf feeding (LF), stem tunnelling (ST) and deadheart formation (DH) following artificial infestation with first-instar C. pnrtcUus. Larval establishment and growth were also assessed. The reduction in foliar damage ratings, percentage stem length tunnelled, and percentage of plants showing deadheart after one cycle of recurrent selection were 4.38 %, …


Cost Of Tsetse Trapping Using The Ng2g Trap: A Case Study In Kenya, George Tombe Lako Jan 1998

Cost Of Tsetse Trapping Using The Ng2g Trap: A Case Study In Kenya, George Tombe Lako

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

In a study to determine the costs of tsetse trapping in terms of construction materials, labour, transport and maintenance, two hundred forty-six traps used to control Glossina pallidipes in an area of 100 square kilometres at Nguruman, Kenya were evaluated from November 1990 to July 1992. The total cost of materials, labour and servicing per trap per year, was US$ 30.6 which, at that time was equivalent to 1071 Kenya shillings. ©1998ICIPE.


Effect Of Species, Age, And Sex Of Tsetse On Response To Infection By Metarhizium Anisopliae, Nguya K. Maniania, Adedapo Odulaja Jan 1998

Effect Of Species, Age, And Sex Of Tsetse On Response To Infection By Metarhizium Anisopliae, Nguya K. Maniania, Adedapo Odulaja

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Laboratory studies were carried out to determine the effect of sex and age on the susceptibility of tsetse, Glossina morsitans morsitans and G. m. centralis, to the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae. Both species of host flies were susceptible to fungal infection. Female flies were generally more susceptible than male flies. Three host ages (40, 20, and <1 day-old) were used; the youngest group was most resistant to fungal infection. Interactions between species, sex and age were significant on many occasions. Age usually accounted for the largest variability in mortality, followed by sex. All flies of age 40 days died between 7 and 8 days after infection whereas some of the younger flies, especially age 0, lived longer than 10 days. Log10 day probit (LDP) mortality regressions fitted well to most of the data sets. LDP slopes were significant and high, ranging between 4.3 and 12.8, indicating a generally high mortality rate of increase over days. The slopes differed significantly between species, sexes, and ages, but grouping by age was more intra homogeneous than by species or sex. The 50% lethal time mortalities (LT50) ranged between 4 and 7 days for age 0, 3 and 6 days for age 20, and about 5 days for age 40. Corresponding ranges of the LT95 were 8 to 20, 5 to 10, and 6 to 7 days for ages 0, 20 and 40, respectively. The significance of these results in the fungal disease transmission by tsetse is discussed.


Brood Guarding Behavior And Life History Characteristics Of Goniozus Indicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), A Larval Ectoparasitoid Of Lepidopteran Stemborers, Keiji Takasu, William A. Overholt Jan 1998

Brood Guarding Behavior And Life History Characteristics Of Goniozus Indicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), A Larval Ectoparasitoid Of Lepidopteran Stemborers, Keiji Takasu, William A. Overholt

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Brood guarding behavior and life history characteristics of Goniozus indicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) were examined in the laboratory. Longevity was increased when females were provided host frass, and females reared in association with hosts lived longer than females maintained separately from hosts. Females that were allowed free access to hosts oviposited at intervals of one to eight days and never parasitized more than one host per day. Females laid 5-25 eggs per host, and life time fecundity was 15-52 eggs at 25°C, 7-60 eggs at 28°C, and 5-25 eggs at 31°C. Females exhibited egg guarding behavior, remaining with the hosts …


The Effects Of A Dna Virus Infection On The Reproductive Otential Of Female Tsetse Flies, Glossina Morsitans Centralis And Glossina Morsitans Morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae), Rosemary C. Sang, Walter G.Z.O. Jura, Leonard H. Otieno, Richard W. Mwangi Jan 1998

The Effects Of A Dna Virus Infection On The Reproductive Otential Of Female Tsetse Flies, Glossina Morsitans Centralis And Glossina Morsitans Morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae), Rosemary C. Sang, Walter G.Z.O. Jura, Leonard H. Otieno, Richard W. Mwangi

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Reproductive anomalies associated with the tsetse DNA virus infection in the female tsetse hosts, Glossina morsitans centralis Machado and Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood, inoculated with the virus during the 3rd instar larval stage were studied and the data compared to those obtained from the control females injected with sterile physiological saline. Virus infected flies had significantly longer first and second pregnancy cycles (P<0.0001) and produced pupae that were of significantly less weight in milligrams (P<-0.0001) compared to controls. Transmission of the virus to progeny was not absolute and only 21% of G. m. centralis and 48% of G. m. morsitans first progeny flies from infected females developed salivary gland hypertrophy as a result of transmission from mother to progeny. The virus infected females produced significantly fewere pupae compared to the controls during the experimental period (P<0.00001).


Fat Body Triacylglycerol Lipase In Solitary And Gregarious Phases Of Schistocerca Gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Dorington O. Ogoyi, Ellie O. Osir, Norah K. Olembo Jan 1998

Fat Body Triacylglycerol Lipase In Solitary And Gregarious Phases Of Schistocerca Gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Dorington O. Ogoyi, Ellie O. Osir, Norah K. Olembo

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The activities of the fat body triacylglycerol lipase were determined using 14C-trioleoylglycerol. Resting activities were estimated at 1.98 ± 0.24 and 1.95 ± 0.53 nmol free fatty acid (FFA)/hr/mg protein for gregarious and solitary locusts, respectively. Administration of adipokinetic hormone (AKH) I led to the activation of lipase with peak activities occurring after 30 min. In the solitary locusts, activities of 2.28 ± 0.16 and 2.30 ± 0.43 nmol FFA/hr/mg were obtained following administration of 10 and 2 pmol AKH I, respectively. In the gregarious locusts, enzyme activities of 3.17 ± 0.66 and 2.47 ± 0.39 nmol FFA/hr/mg were obtained …


Suitability Of Busseola Fusca And Sesamia Calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) For The Development Of Two Populations Of Cotesia Sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) In Kenya, A. J. Ngi-Song, W. A. Overholt, R. Stouthamer Jan 1998

Suitability Of Busseola Fusca And Sesamia Calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) For The Development Of Two Populations Of Cotesia Sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) In Kenya, A. J. Ngi-Song, W. A. Overholt, R. Stouthamer

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The suitability of Sesamia calamistis Hampson and Busseola fusca (Fuller) for the development of two geographical populations of Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) was examined in the laboratory. One population of the parasitoid was collected from the coast of Kenya and the other from the inland. Both populations of the parasitoid could develop on S. calamistis. On B. fusca, the inland population of C. sesamiae was able to develop, while the population from the coastal area of Kenya was encapsulated. Mating studies revealed that the two parasitoid populations were partially reproductively isolated. Unidirectional incompatibility, possibly caused by the Wolbachia infection, was observed …


The Magnitude Of Site And Time Interaction Effect In Tsetse Fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) Trap Catches, A. Odulaja, S. Mihok, I. M. Abu-Zinid Jan 1998

The Magnitude Of Site And Time Interaction Effect In Tsetse Fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) Trap Catches, A. Odulaja, S. Mihok, I. M. Abu-Zinid

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Site and time effects are important factors determining trap catches of tsetse flies. These factors may interact significantly and therefore confound interpretation of time series data used for population monitoring. We therefore investigated the magnitude and importance of site x time interactions in trap catches of Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. longipennis Corti using a 2200 trap-days (400 trap-months) data set. The interaction was found to be significant (P < 0.05) in 46-100% of the combinations of different numbers of months and sites between 2 and 12. The mean percent variance due to the interaction ranged between 4% and 28% for G. pallidipes and 12% and 36% for G. longipennis. The interaction was usually less important than the effect of site alone but more important than the effect of time alone. These results suggest that tsetse researchers should examine critically the adequacy of existing approaches to population monitoring with traps and to testing new traps and odour baits.


Olfactory Responses Of Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) To The Monitor Lizard Varanus Niloticus Niloticus, M. M. Mohamed-Ahmed Jan 1998

Olfactory Responses Of Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) To The Monitor Lizard Varanus Niloticus Niloticus, M. M. Mohamed-Ahmed

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Visual and olfactory responses of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead to the monitor lizard, Varanus niloticus niloticus Laurenti were studied using various catching devices near Lake Victoria, Kenya. Electric nets baited with visible lizards caught more males (x2.1) and significantly more females (x2.0) than unbaited nets. Lizards concealed in electrified black Pvc pipe models, simulating the shape and size of a monitor lizard, increased significantly the catches of tsetse by 2.1 times. Fresh lizard urine dispensed at an evaporation rate of 500 to 1000 mg/h also increased significantly the catches of flies at biconical traps, electrified models and electric nets. Identification …