Entomology Commons^™

A Revision Of The Nearctic Species Of The Genus Phronia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), Raymond Gagne

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

Phronia contains 86 species of small, brown or black mycetophilids. Adults of these fungus gnats are most often caught flying above the forest floor, especially along damp ravines. The fungivorous larvae have been found grazing on slime molds growing on the surface of decaying logs. Most species occur in the Holarctic region, but 1 described and several undescribed species are known from the Ethiopian region. In North America, there are 49 species, 33 of which are known also from Europe.

Efeito De Dosagens E Épocas De Applicações De Inseticida No Rendimento Da Soja, Elvis A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Foi conduzido um experimento na Estação Experimental Agronômica da UFRGS, Guaíba, RS, com a finaIidade de determinar o efeito de dosagens e épocas de aplicação de inseticida no desfolhamento por Jagartas, na percentagem de sementes com danos por percevejos e no rendimento. Endrin 20 % CE foi aplicado em duas dosagens e em três datas. A dosagem apenas teve um efeito na percentagem de sementes danificadas por percevejos. A data de aplicação teve um efeito no desfolhamento por lagartas. Uma aplicação na época do começo do aumento acentuado da população de Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818, deu maior proteção contra o …

Middle And Late Cenozoic Tapirs From Nebraska, C. Bertrand Schultz, Larry D. Martin, R. George Corner

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum (1924–2023)

The distribution and evolution of Late Cenozoic tapirs are discussed and the forms present in Nebraska are reported. Two new species are described from the Ogallala Pliocene of Nebraska, ?Tapirus johnsoni and ?T. simpsoni. Tapirs are known in Nebraska from the Early Oligocene through the Middle Pleistocene. The northern limit of the distribution of the tapirs contracts gradually southward in North America throughout the Tertiary, and even during the Pleistocene interglacials Nebraska must have been near the northern limit of their range.

Stratigraphic Occurrences Of Teleoceras With A New Kimballianspecies From Nebraska, Lloyd G. Tanner

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum (1924–2023)

Study of Teleoceras remains in the University of Nebraska State Museum indicates that this specialized, short-limbed rhinoceros inhabited the Central Great Plains from Early through Late Pliocene. Previously thought to have become extinct at the end of the middle Pliocene, this genus is now known from the very latest Pliocene. A new species, Teleoceras schultzi, is described from the Kimball Formation, Ogallala Group, Frontier County, Nebraska.

Estudo De Niveis De Populaçao De Anticarsia Gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 E Plusia Sp. Em Soja No Rio Grande Do Sul, Elvis Arden Heinrichs, R. F.P. Da Silva

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Estudos dos níveis de populaçãio de Anticarsia gemmatalis e Plosia sp. em soja no RS, indicaram que essas espécies alcançaram maior incidéncia na segunda quinzena de janeiro.

A proporção entre A. gemmatalis e Plosia sp. foi de aproximadamente 10:1. A população de A. gemmatalis e percentagem de desfolhamento aumentou rapidamente dé 18 a 26 de janeiro.

Este estudo indicou que o desaparecimento repentino ·de A. gemmatalis nos meses de fevereiro e março foi, na maior parte, devido ao ataque do fungo Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson ( = Spicaria rileyi).

Agron. Sulriograndense, Porto Alegre, 11(1):29-35, 1975.

Population Suppression Of Western Corn Rootworm By Adult Control With Ulv Malathion, K. P. Pruess, John F. Witkowski, Earle S. Raun

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

ULV malathion (9.7 oz AI/acre) was applied by air to a 16 square-mile area during August of 1968, 1969, and 1970. Adult Diabrotica virgifera LeConte populations were reduced the following season by 39, 54, and 72%. No economic infestations occurred in the treated area the year following any application. Postspray migration of beetles was very limited, but adult migration during the peak emergence period the following season contributed to repopulation of the treated area. Migration and fecundity appear to be density-dependent factors which favor increases under low populations. Area suppression does not appear economically feasible, but adult control in individual …

Tarnished And Alfalfa Plant Bugs In Alfalfa: Population Suppression With Ulv Malathion, K. P. Pruess

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

ULV malathion (9.7 oz AI/acre) was applied to a 16 mi² area in August 1968, 1969, and 1970 for western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, adult control. Nontarget insects in alfalfa, also treated, were monitored. Tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), was reduced 89–98%. Survival of eggs and adult migration resulted in rapid reinfestation of the treated area in 1969 and 1970; adult migration alone was important in 1968. Alfalfa plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze), was reduced 96–98%. Repopulation following the 1969 and 1970 treatments was by development from eggs surviving the treatment. The 1969 treatment resulted …

Antioxidants For Corncob Grit-Soybean Oil Bait Used To Control Imported Fire Ants, D. P. Jouvenaz, W. A. Banks, C. S. Lofgren, D. M. Hicks

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Antioxidants were evaluated for their potential for retarding the development of rancidity, a major factor affecting field life of fire ant bait. In a modification of the method of Lofgren et al. (1961. Imported fire ant toxic bait studies: the evaluation of various food materials.

Response Of Soybean Insects To Foliar Applications Of A Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor Th 6040, S. G. Turnipseed, E. A. Heinrichs, R. F. P. Da Silva, J. W. Todd

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The activity of TH 6040, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, was determined against velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, and other soybean defoliators in field tests in Georgia, South Carolina, and Brazil. Single applications at rates as low as 75 g AI/ha afforded adequate initial and excellent residual control of A. gemmatalis and some suppression of low populations of Plusia spp. Two applications at higher rates gave significant control of soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and showed promise against green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.), and Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant. Populations of geocorids and nabids were lower in 1 test, possibly …

Seasonal Abundance Of The European Corn Borer Ostrinia Nubilalis (Hbn.) Within The North Central United States, R. E. Hill, H. C. Chiang, A. J. Keaster, W. B. Showers, G. L. Reed

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Annual changes in corn borer populations in the North Central States were measured as a phase of a Regional Project, NC-20, entitled "Factors Influencing Corn Borer Populations" in Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri and Ohio over a period of years. Standardized procedures were followed to estimate the seasonal abundance of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.), under cropping procedures in different locations within the North Central States. The primary purpose of the present bulletin is to present results for the 1965 to 1969 period and to compare these results with the previous 10 years and thus attempt to analyze …

Control Of Loopers On Snap Beans, Elvis A. Heinrichs, E. E. Burgess, Charles L. Mullins, W. J. Vanlandingham

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Snap beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., are important to the economy of Tennessee. According to the publication, Tennessee Agricultural Statistics, 13,000 acres were grown in Tennessee in 1971 with a value of $2,984,000. Tennessee produces 5.9% of the beans grown in the United States and ranks fifth in the nation in snap bean production. Tennessee-grown beans are processed in Tennessee and in nearby states. In 1972 demand was up because of poor growing weather in the adjacent bean producing states. Most beans in Tennessee are grown on the Cumberland Plateau, Sequatchie Valley, and in extreme northeast Tennessee. In recent years, looper …

Control Of The Army Cutworm On Alfalfa In Nebraska, G. R. Manglitz, J. M. Schalk, L. W. Andersen, K. P. Pruess

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The army cutworm, Euxoa auxiliaris (Grote), is a frequent early spring pest of alfalfa in the western Plains States. Good control with endrin was reported by Burkhardt (1954), Pfadt (1955), and DePew (1959). Also, endosulfan appeared to give good control on alfalfa (Pfadt 1960) and on small grains (K. P. Pruess, 1959, University of Nebraska, Department of Entomology, unpublished report) but not on sugarbeets (DePew 1959). The purpose of the present study was to test some of the newer insecticides, particularly those that have been effective against other species of cutworms. Three tests were conducted at various locations in south-central …

Collard Insect Control, E. A. Heinrichs, E. E. Burgess, Charles A. Mullins

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Collards, Brassica oleracea var. viridis, because of their nutritional value, are important vegetables in the diets of many Tennesseans. According to a survey conducted by R. D. Freeland of the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Tennessee produced 1,544 acres of fresh and 4,405 acres of processor collards in 1971. Most were grown on the Cumberland Plateau and in West Tennessee. Many insects attack collard foliage. Flea beetle feeding causes "shot holes" in the leaf. Various caterpillars such as the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) , and the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), are capable of severe defoliation (Figure …

Drift Of Terrestrial Arthropods In An Irrigation Canal Following A Wide-Area Application Of Ulv Malathion, Dewey Urbauer, K. P. Pruess

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Numbers of arthropods drifting in an irrigation canal were recorded at 30-min intervals during and after an upstream application of ULV malathion. Flower-visiting and parasitic Hymenoptera were the first insects to increase; a bimodal drift pattern resulted from an interruption in the spray application. Diptera exhibited a delayed response but the numbers collected, especially Paracantha culta (Wiedemann), suggest high susceptibility. Ants occurred in large numbers over a long period, but mortality was probably low. Miridae and Cicadellidae were probably more susceptible than Orthoptera and adult Odonata but had similar delayed drift patterns. Tetragnathidae were the most, and Thomiscidae the least, …

Control Of Leaf-Feeding Insects On Yellow-Poplar, E. A. Heinrichs, E. E. Burgess, Ellis L. Matheny Jr.

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Yellow-poplar, Liriodendron tulipifera L., also known as the tulip-poplar, is an important source of pulpwood and saw timber, and it is widely used as a shade tree. Numerous insect species attack the foliage of yellow-poplar. In 1965, Odontopus calceatus (Say) was first observed seriously damaging yellow-poplar in Tennessee (Russell and Stanley 1967). Defoliation was so severe at the University of Tennessee Oak Ridge Forest Experiment Station that growth reduction was attributed to this pest (Buckner 1972). In 1967, observations by one of us (E.A.H.) indicated that several other insects attack yellow-poplar leaves during the spring. Infestations of the aphid Macrosiphum …

The Biology And Ecology Of The Bromegrass Seed Midge In Nebraska, E. L. Nieman, G. R. Manglitz

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

These studies indicate that smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss, is the only host of the bromegrass seed midge, Stenodiplosis bromicola Marikovskiy and Agafonova, in Nebraska. The midge did not infest two common annual brome species under field conditions. The midge has been collected from all counties surveyed in Nebraska and seems to be widely distributed throughout the midwestern states. An apparently undescribed species of Tetrastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophiclae) was observed to parasitize all stages of the bromegrass seed midge. Parasitism rates greater than 90% were observed. The parasite larvae do not kill the midge until damage to the bromegrass floret has …

A New Species Of Menoceras From The Marsland Formation Of Nebraska, Lloyd G. Tanner

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum (1924–2023)

Further study indicates that the Menoceras remains collected from the "Bridgeport Quarries" (lower port:on or the Marsland Formation, Middle Miocene, of the Hemingford Group) are of a new species.

In 1962, these dicerathere remains were considered to be a geologic variety of Diceratherium niobrarensis (Stecher, Schultz, and Tanner). However, later (Tanner, 1969) a generic distinction was revived, separating the Menoceras Troxell from Diceratherium Marsh. Diceretherium niobrarensis was then placed in synonymy with Menoceras arikarense (Barbour).

The new species is an intermediate between Menoceras arikarense (Barbour) from the Harrison Formation and Menoceras marslandensis Tanner, from the upper portion of the Marsland …

Two Lynx-Like Cats From The Pliocene And Pleistocene, C. Bertrand Schultz, Larry D. Martin

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum (1924–2023)

A new species (Lynx stouti) of small felid is described from the lower Pliocene of Colorado. This form has several characters in common with the modern Lynx and may be ancestral to that genus. A new subspecies of Lynx issiodorensis Croizet and Jobert is described as L. i. kurteni from the Mullen Assemblage, Cherry County, Nebraska. The relationships of this form to other lynxes are discussed along with the paleo-distribution of the genus.

The classification of the felinae has always been somewhat controversial, especially at the generic level. One fairly homogenous group of cats which has been separated …

Phyletic Trends In Certain Lineages Of Quaternary Mammals, C. Bertrand Schultz, Lloyd G. Tanner, Lary D. Martin

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum (1924–2023)

Evolutionary trends in certain carnivores, rodents, bovids, and proboscideans are examined. Chronoclines are demonstrated for muskrats, beavers, mammoths, and bison. The Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary and Quaternary climatic fluctuations are also discussed.

The University of Nebraska State Museum contains a large stratigraphically controlled collection of Pleistocene animals. This collection provides a unique opportunity for the study of phyletic trends in certain lineages of mammals. Although a few phylogenetic lineages have been proposed (Schultz and Frankforter, 1946; Hibbard, et al., 1965), this has not been done for the vast majority of Pleistocene mammals. However, there is much more data available than this would …

The Microtine Rodents Of The Mullen Assemblage From The Pleistocene Of North Central Nebraska, Larry D. Martin

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum (1924–2023)

The University of Nebraska State Museum has had an active collecting program in Hooker and Cherry counties, Nebraska, since the 1930's. The following University of Nebraska State Museum collecting localities have been extensively excavated: Cr-10, Cr-102, Cr-11, Ho-101, Ho-102, and Ho-103. These localities have produced a large vertebrate fauna described by Jakway as the Mullen Local Fauna which he considered for the most part to be Early lllinoian. Further study of this local fauna now demonstrates that assemblage does include Early as well as Middle Pleistocene animals. The purpose of this paper is to report on the evidence regarding the …

Field Tests Of Insecticides Against Plagiotrochus Cornigerus, E. E. Burgess, H. E. Williams, R. E. Wilkinson, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Pin oaks, Quercus palustris Muenchhausen, are one of the important shade trees in west Tennessee. The horned oak-gall wasp, Plagiotrochus cornigerus Osten Sacken, causes a deformation of the twigs and leaves of the tree. In 1965, K. E. Stewart, an entomologist at the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, injected pin oaks with systemic insecticides to evaluate their effectiveness in controlling the leaf gall and the stem gall caused by the horned oak-gall wasp. He found oxydemeton-methyl ec at a rate of 25 g AI/in. diameter and technical demeton at a rate of 3 g AI/in. diameter were the best materials …

Chorion Characteristics Of Sod Webworm Eggs, Ellis L. Matheny Jr., E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The egg chorion was investigated for 15 species of sod webworm moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Crambinae) collected in Tennessee. Liquid plastic was used for surface printing of chorion sculpturing. Scanning electron micrographs were utilized in construction of a taxonomic key to eggs of the Crambinae species studied and the characteristics illustrated.

End Of Tour Report Of E. A. Heinrichs, Piant Protection Advisor, Elvis A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The opportunity to spend two years in Mysore (March 1970 to April 1972) working with various individuals involved in plant protection has been personally a rewarding and satisfying experience.

In general terms, the purpose of the Plant Protection Advisor was to identify the problems relating to plant protection which limit the spread and production of high yielding varieties and to assist in solving these problems .. The following Operational Work Plan, which was written by my predecessor, was followed and added to in order to achieve the overall objectives: 1. To promote widespread adoption of recommended plant protection practices. 2. …

Telescopic Observation Of The Moon As A Means For Observing Migration Of The Army Cutworm, Chorizagrotis Auxiliaris (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), K. P. Pruess, Neva C. Pruess

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Nocturnal insect activity was observed through telescopes focused on the moon. Flight direction was computed and methods were developed for estimating height and determining vertical distribution. Total density was correlated with light-trap catches; effective range of a light-trap was about 7 meters. Species identification was impossible but the method was selective for larger and higher-flying insects. Characteristics of insect activity observed during periods of army cutworm abundance indicate that it orients to the west during spring migration. Activity and altitude of flight were modified by wind direction and velocity, but flight direction during migration was independent of wind.

A Revision Of The Feather Mite Genus Brephosceles (Proctophyllodidae: Alloptinae), Paul C. Peterson

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum (1924–2023)

A systematic revision is presented for the genus Brephosceles. Data on external morphology, zoogeography, and host-parasite relationships are included. Thirteen named and thirty new species are recognized and described. The new species and the type hosts are: Brephosceles afribycis, from Afribyx lateralis (Charadriidae); B. anhimae, from Anhima cornuta (Anhimidae); B. belonopteri, from Belonopterus chilensis cayennensis (Charadriidae); B. bilobatus, from Puffinus puffinus (Procellariidae); B. chilensis, from Belonopterus chilensis lampronotus (Charadriidae); B. collaracus, from Charadrius collaris (Charadriidae); B. constrictus, from Charadrius bicinctus (Charadriidae); B. diomedei, from Diomedea chrysostoma (Diomedeidae); B. discidicus, from Cygnus bewickii (Anatidae); B. disjunctus, from Pterodroma leucoptera hypoleuca (Procellariidae); …

A Generic Revision Of The Pterodedinae, A New Subfamily Of Feather Mites (Sarcoptiformes: Analgoidea), Chong K. Park, Warren T. Atyeo

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum (1924–2023)

The generic rev1s1on of the Pterodectinae, new subfamily of the Proctophyllodidae, is based on 88 named and over 160 new species. Included are morphology, host-parasite relationships, diagnoses of four named and eight new genera, and illustrations of each type species. The named genera are:

Anisodiscus Gaud and Mouchet, 1957; Montesauria Oudemans, 1905; Proterothrix Gaud, 1968; Pterodectes Robin, 1877. The new genera and their type species are: Dolichodectes, Proctophyllodes (Pterocolus) edwardsi Trouessart, 1885; Megalodectes, Proctophyllodes (Pterodectes) major Trouessart, 1885; Neodectes, Proctophyl/odes (Pterodectes) securiclatus Trouessart and Neumann, 1888; Pedanodectes, Pterodectes hologaster Gaud, 1953; Syntomodectes, Proctophyllodes (Pterodectes) selenurus Trouessart, 1885; Toxerodectes, Pterodectes gladiger …

Sex Attractant Pheromone Of The House Fly: Isolation, Identification And Synthesis, D. A. Carlson, M. S. Mayer, D. L. Silhacek, J. D. James, Morton Beroza, B. A. Bierl

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

A sex pheromone isolated from the cuticle and feces of the female house fly attracts the male fly; it has been identified as (Z)-9-tricosene. Chemical and biological comparisons of the natural and synthesized compounds show that they are identical.

External Morphology Of Larvae Of Choristoneura Houstonana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Postembryonic changes in external morphological structures of Choristoneura houstonana (Grote) from first to last instars are described. A setal map for first and structures for first and last instars are described and illustrated. Possible generic characters are suggested.

Hatching Of Sod Webworm Eggs In Relation To Low And High Temperatures, Ellis L. Matheny, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Eggs of 12 species of sod webworm were exposed for various periods to temperatures of 0, 10, and 45°C. Hatchability was compared with control eggs kept at 25°C. Short exposures to any temperature did not significantly affect percent hatch. Prolonged exposure resulted in a significant decrease in hatchability for several species at 0° and for all species at 45°C. There was a significant difference in hatchability between the 3 generations of Crambus teterrellus (Zincken) and of Pediasia trisecta (Walker) at extreme temperatures. Populations of Agriphila ruricolella (Zeller), collected at 2 elevations, differed significantly in hatching percentage and developmental rate.

Machairodont Cats From The Early Pleistocene Broadwater And Lisco Local Faunas, C. Bertrand Schultz, Larry D. Martin

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum (1924–2023)

A new species of Ischyrosmilus (I. crusafonti) is reported from the Early Pleistocene Broadwater Local Fauna of Morrill County, Nebraska. Ischyrosmilus sp. is reported from the Early Pleistocene Lisco Local Fauna. Megantereon is reported from the Broadwater Local Fauna and this is the first record of the genus from North America.