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Articles 1171 - 1200 of 1434
Full-Text Articles in Entomology
Nebline, September 1998
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
National 4-H Week: October 4-10
Saving geraniums over winter
Perennials forever
Drying gourds
Seasonal needle drop on evergreens
Shades of autumn
“Why are we finding all these little reddish-brown beetles in our new home?”
Celebrate National Pollution Prevention (P2) Week
Birds of wonder: chimney swifts
Managing deer populations and damage
Bumblebees pollinating more
Recycling facts
Making the “right” management choices
Hard to control pasture weeds—fall is the time for control
Handle hay bales safely
Are you looking for the latest wheat variety test results?
Farm first-aid kits need to be user-friendly
Yes, no, or what?
Are you considering non-traditional livestock …
Geostatistical Characterization Of The Spatial Distribution Of Adult Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Emergence, M. M. Ellsbury, W. D. Woodson, S. A. Clay, D. D. Malo, J. Schumacher, D. Clay, C. G. Carlson
Geostatistical Characterization Of The Spatial Distribution Of Adult Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Emergence, M. M. Ellsbury, W. D. Woodson, S. A. Clay, D. D. Malo, J. Schumacher, D. Clay, C. G. Carlson
Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications
Geostatistical methods were used to characterize spatial variability in western ( Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and northern ( Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence) corn rootworm adult emergence patterns. Semivariograms were calculated for adult emergence density of corn rootworm populations in fields of continuous corn and rotated (corn/soybean) corn. Adult emergence densities were generally greater for northern corn rootworms than for western corn rootworms. The spatial structures of the adult rootworm emergence were aggregated as described by spherical spatial models for western corn rootworm and exponential models for northern corn rootworm. Range of spatial dependence varied from 180 to 550 m …
Nebline, August 1998
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Harvesting Everlasting Flowers for Drying
Watering tips
Scorch—curse of plants on the plains
New grass faces the big test
Storing extra seeds
Control of ground ivy in the lawn
Audubon purchases 610-acre O'Brien Ranch
Household hazardous waste collection
Don't get stung!
Allergic to bee stings?
Dealing with unwanted guests
How animals stay cool when it's hot!
Fruit, vegetables and freedom to farm
Prescribed burning of CRP
What is LB1209 and does it affect you?
Toxic plants
How often to pump your septic tank
Caring for animals when gone
Flies
Field Day features high-value crops
Buildings
Festival of Color
Fresh, fabulous …
Nebline, July 1998
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Lancaster County Fair: yesterday, today and tomorrow
Pruning roses
Vegetable gardening in the fall
Bean leaf beetle
Summertime can be hazardous to trees
Thinning is important
Read the label before purchasing and using DEET
Household hazardous waste collection: July 25
A clean-up treasure hunt
The importance of water in your backyard
Wonders of wildlife
Did you know. . .
Scouting for rootworm beetles could save big $ next year
Plant turnips for fall grazing
Forage following wheat
On-farm biosolids research yields
Managing seeding year alfalfa
Acreage enterprises
Who are your neighbors?
Field day will feature high-value crops for small farms …
Nebline, June 1998
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Wildwood Lake Watershed Project nearing completion
Propagation of shrubs from softwood cuttings
One potato, two potato, new potato
Pruning hedges
Water checklist for the landscape
Western Ribbon Snake Thamnophis proximus
My parents won’t want me to tell you this, but....
1998 pesticide container recycling begins in June
Glow little glowworm, glimmer, glimmer...
Harvest hay to fit your needs
1998 UNL Crop Management and Diagnostic Clinics
Prepare equipment for storage
Hay inoculants and preservatives
Plan the timing of grass hay harvest
Insect information on the web
Do you have a safe and adequate water supply?
Facts about CCA-pressure treated wood
The …
Nebline, May 1998
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Teens for Teens
Perennials with colorful foliage
Watering newly planted shade trees
Lilacs in the landscape
Repotting houseplants
How harmful are high copper levels in water?
Thank you!
Upcoming household hazardous waste collections
Tips for attracting birds
Yes, it’s safe, but does it work?
Snakes in the yard
Timing window approaching for control of leafy spurge
Soybean seed treatment good idea in cool, moist soils
Proper ballast improves tractor efficiency, stability
Controlling bolting musk thistle
Managing ponds for fish
Weed control in new tree plantings
Milk calcium for all it’s worth!
Focus on Food
The Clean Hands Campaign
How clean …
Leafy Spurge Biological Control Using Black Dot Flea Beetles And Deleterious Rhizobacteria: Final Report Submitted To South Dakota Department Of Agriculture Weed And Pest Control, Sharon A. Clay, Mark A. Brinkman, Robert J. Kramer, Jan J. Jackson, Nels H. Granholm
Leafy Spurge Biological Control Using Black Dot Flea Beetles And Deleterious Rhizobacteria: Final Report Submitted To South Dakota Department Of Agriculture Weed And Pest Control, Sharon A. Clay, Mark A. Brinkman, Robert J. Kramer, Jan J. Jackson, Nels H. Granholm
Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications
Size of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L) roots and their location in the soil profile are important factors relating to survival offirst-instar black dot flea beetle (Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras) larvae. First-instar larvae must find leafy spurge roots between 1 to 4 mm diam in the first 2 days after hatching from eggs for survival. In field studies, we ddermined that most flea beetle larvae reside within 7.6 em ofthe soil surface. Their location in the upper areas ofthe soil profile allows accessibility to desirable size roots, however the larvae are more susceptible to freezing temperatures in this region. Overall, there …
Nebline, April 1998
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
earth wellness festival makes a splash
1998 All-America Roses
Conserve water with drip irrigation
Easter lily care
Bird gardens are for you
Belly up to the salad bar
1998 Household Hazardous Waste Collections
Label changes affect termite control: Come to a termite workshop April 22
A recyclable car?
Ants and clover mites invade homes in spring
Population boom
Did you know. . .
When you need a pesticide...
Children most susceptible to lead poisoning
Avoiding herbicide drift
Adding legumes to warm-season grasses
Livestock operators face new requirements
Caution urged when using anhydrous ammonia
Choosing the correct glove is important in …
Nebline, March 1998
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Managing our ground water resources
March to a different drummer
1998 All-America Selections
Be A Better Gardener 4-H Youth Program.
Shamrocks for St. Patrick's Day
Watch for the magnificent bald eagle! But, watch carefully
Bzzzzzz...Beginning Beekeeping Workshop Reminder
Termite Control Workshop for Homeowners: April 22
Pesticide Waste Disposal Program March 18 at Greenwood Cooperative
Hitting the links - golfers are environmentalists too!
Volunteers are needed!
Nitrogen fertilizer sources in a wet spring
CRP panel discussion to be held March 17
CRP controlled burn school
Upcoming events
Cross fencing to improve pasture productivity
Keeping animals on an acreage
Fertilizing grasses
New …
Nebline, February 1998
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
4-H: What it's all about
Basil for everyone
1998 Perennial Plant
of the Year
Winter care of houseplants
Soap or oil—that is the question
Terrariums
Be A Better Gardener 4-H Youth Program
One starling's a darling, but a flock is not!
What's buzzing? Register for Beginners Beekeeping Workshop
today!
Grab it off the web
Pest management in and around your home: what's your strategy?
Backyard wildlife—tips for success
Volunteers are needed!
For the birds
Extension meetings scheduled
CRP Meeting and Burn School Planned
Farm Leases Seminar
Check out these winter workshops
Oats for pasture, hay and silage
Management key to …
Nebline, January 1998
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Cooperative Extension takes advantage of geographic technology
Wood for your fireplace
Humidity in the home affects plants, too
Using garden catalogs
Houseplant maintenance
An evergreen for all seasons
Honey bees are dying by the millions!
Congratulations!
Boxelder bugs and the cluster fly
Pesticides and child safety
Extension meetings Scheduled
Crop management winter workshops
City purchases manure spreaders
for use in biosolids program
Feeding high quality hay after calving
Prepare calves for feedlots
Acreage development in Lancaster County
Learning about chemicals
Acreage owners workshop
Indulging without bulging
Focus on Food
A safe kitchen
Healthy Eating: Rib Eye Roast (Prime Rib)
Fast, …
Technique For Rlem Screening In Glasshouse, Krzysztof S. Gajda
Technique For Rlem Screening In Glasshouse, Krzysztof S. Gajda
Grain and other field crops published reports
The redlegged earth mite (RLEM) Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) (Acarina: Penthaleidae) is an introduced, major pest of crops and pastures across south Australia. RLEM adversely effect pasture by destroying legume seedlings in germinating pastures and reducing pasture production and seed yield. One of the ways to reduce the effect of RLEM is by breeding legume cultivars with RLEM resistance. This involves screening of many hundreds of potentially resistant plants and lines in a short time. In WA, at Agriculture Western Australia, South Perth, a screening program for resistance to RLEM in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterranean) and annual medics (Medicago ssp.) has …
Evidence Of Antibiosis Resistance To The Spotted Stemborer, Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) In A Maize (Zea Mays L.) Population, C. J.M. Mutinda, K. N. Saxena, S. O. Ajala, P. O. Aviecho
Evidence Of Antibiosis Resistance To The Spotted Stemborer, Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) In A Maize (Zea Mays L.) Population, C. J.M. Mutinda, K. N. Saxena, S. O. Ajala, P. O. Aviecho
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
S2 line and S2 test-cross recurrent selection procedures were initiated to improve the resistance of a maize (Zen mays L.) population to the spotted stemborer, Chllo partclltis (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Thirty-five selections developed from the population were evaluated for resistance to the stemborer in western Kenya. Resistance was rated according to leaf feeding (LF), stem tunnelling (ST) and deadheart formation (DH) following artificial infestation with first-instar C. pnrtcUus. Larval establishment and growth were also assessed. The reduction in foliar damage ratings, percentage stem length tunnelled, and percentage of plants showing deadheart after one cycle of recurrent selection were 4.38 %, …
Nebline, December 1997
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
No abstract provided.
Nebline, November 1997
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Seven highly effective habits for holiday food safety
Lancaster County Extension Educator receives national awards
Hints for fruit storage
Rodent damage
Houseplants from seed
Plants have many roles
Pesticide storage
Timely care of hardy chrysanthemums
Forcing bulbs
Squirrels are busy preparing for cold winter days ahead
The big sleep
Building with recycled materials a sound business practice
The repellency of hedge apples: an old wives tale
Caulking cracks and crevices prevents entry by many pests
America unbugged: fast facts about bug fears and fascinations
Reduce hay losses during storage
Control winter annual weeds in dormant alfalfa
Introducing Beef Basics IV …
Nebline, October 1997
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Celebrate Character Counts! week
Books and activities celebrating the Six Pillars of Character
Caring for fuchsia
Garden poster contest for youth
Potbound
Harvesting popcorn
Clean up that garden
Last 1997 Household Hazardous Waste Collection
Web sights
There's a mouse in the house!
Interested in a variety of experiences?
Consider estate settlement costs early
No-till into alfalfa residual
Farmers need to protect themselves, employees from work-related illnesses
Fall clean-up of warm season grasses
Handling wastewater
Proper electrical wiring helps prevent most farm fires
CRP: blessing or curse?
Food Safety Programs
Safe Food for the Hungry '97--A Focus on Diversity
Diabetes control …
Nebline, September 1997
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Science at its best!4-H School Enrichment
Fall weed control
Drying gourds
Saving geraniums over winter
Storing sweet potatoes
House herbs
Collecting evergreen seeds
1997 Legislature increases penalties for illegal dumping!
Landfill rates increase, but still a bargain
Yellow jackets
Neighborhood clean-up
Frustrated by flies? Here are some helpful tips
Simple fruit fly trap
Sign up now for fall conservation work
County Committee election
Competition, consolidation predicted for grain bin industry
Ag marketing video course: “Agricultural Marketing and Entrepreneurship”
Last cutting of alfalfa
Avoid over-grazing warm-season grasses
Making good silage
Managing water resources
Festival of Color
Focus on Food
Don't Get …
Nebline, August 1997
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Lancaster County Fair: July 30-August 3
“One Call--that's all”
4-H gardeners attend garden workshops
Control of ground ivy in the lawn
August blooming perennial flowers
1997 Household Hazardous Waste Collections
Shortest shower award
Antlions: the good, the odd and the ugly
Pesticide container recycling at fair, other sites in August
Bat sightings increase in August
Reuse wire coat hangers
Seedbeds for late summer alfalfa planting
Oats for fall pasture or hay
Evening program to highlight irrigation management and well decommissioning
How to deal with animal heat stress
Make plans now for passing on the family farm
Improve livestock water distribution …
Nebline, July 1997
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Home*A*Syst: Helping you assess environmental risks in and around your home
Watch for squash vine borer
Summer patch of turfgrass
Storing extra seeds
Mower wounds can kill trees
Replant iris
Harvesting
Recycle your pesticide containers at the Lancaster County Fair!
Chigger alert! Don’t ruin your recreational outing
Master Beekeeping/Queen Rearing Workshops
The nonstop dropper
Water patrol checklist
Have you ever seen dead flies clinging to the top of vegetation?
UNL to conduct hands-on Diagnostic Clinics in July
Wheel traffic reduces alfalfa yield
Dealing with summer pasture shortages
Planning tips for noxious weed control in CRP contracts
Staying safe on the …
Nebline, June 1997
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Happy Birthday! Lincoln's Biosolids Land Application Program is five years old
1997 Pesticide Container Recycling Begins June 20 in Bennet!
Brighten your outdoor area with hanging baskets
Raise the mower height
Think about apple maggot control now
Balcony gardens
Watering
Scented geraniums
I found some bugs in my walls, can I bring them in?
Understanding termite baits
Ophidiophobia? fear of snakes
Living green
EQIP sign-up underway
Farmers at risk for permanent hearing loss
Providing water to pastured livestock
Diagnostic clinics set for July at ARDC
Pasture rent
Round bales can withstand elements if stored properly
Pond management
Assessing rural life …
Nebline, May 1997
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
earth wellness festival--a blast!
Festival wins award
Be a Better Gardener program gets youth off to a good start
Girdling tree roots
Designer greens
Garden pets
Over the garden fence
Lilacs in the landscape
Free latex paint exchange
Plants deer will not eat
The Antelope Commons Project good for Holmes Lake
Where have all the honey bees gone?
BLUE THUMB program “Giving Water a Hand”
The ups and downs of newsprint recycling
Earthworm casts can predict soil health
Postemergence weed control in alfalfa
Putting CRP back in production
Cleaning can be dangerous
The methodology and ramifications of greenbelting all agricultural …
Nebline, April 1997
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Recognizing volunteers
New faces at Lancaster County Cooperative Extension
Educate yourself before you buy
Over the garden fence
Don't just smell the flowers...prune
All-America rose selection 1997 winners
Healthy transplants for the home garden
1997 Household Hazardous Waste Collections
Control sugar ants with baits: a least toxic alternative
Backyard Stewardship
Termite Control Workshop for Homeowners
Why are woodpeckers beating on my house?
Robins keep banging into my window--why?
Prevent grass tetany
UNL Crop Management Winter Curriculum a success!
Switch to narrow-row corn planting may not pay off
Use anhydrous ammonia safely
Monitor stored grain to prevent spoilage
Seed coatings on …
Nebline, March 1997
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Character Counts!
Dave Varner to Dodge County
Shamrocks for St. Patrick's Day
Over the garden fence
Outdoor gardening begins
Starter solutions?
Fungus gnats
Farmers along the Platte help feed sandhill cranes!
The Poison Center Hotline saves lives!
earth wellness festival opportunities are endless!
Coloring eggs with natural dyes
Fence ornamentals to prevent rabbit damage
Living Green!
Start today to make quality hay
Planning conservation work
Preparing CRP for pasture and hay use
Feeding high quality hay after calving
Record-keeping emphasis of swine program
Acreage/Small Farm Owner Workshop
Pesticide certification
Nebraska resources ideal for aquaculture
Protecting drinking water
Food, nutrition and …
Nebline, February 1997
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Living on a few acres in Lancaster County
Acreage development accelerates
Over the garden fence
Squirrel damage to trees
Thornless honeylocust
What do birds like to eat?
1997 All America Selection winners
Seedless grapes in Nebraska
New 4-H horticulture garden program
Swarm of ants in the winter? Hard to believe, but true!
Woodpeckers come knocking
Plants have many roles
Wheat fields needed for summer application of biosolids
Benes farm joins effort to protect Wildwood Lake Watershed
Free lead poisoning prevention program identifies children at risk
Satellite conference on CRP
Chemigation training scheduled
1997 grain sorghum seminars
Grain yield monitors
UNL …
Nebline, January 1997
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Agribusiness education: a priority for Extension!
NEBLINE survey completed
Disease-resistant plants
The most common houseplant disease
Over the garden fence
Plants to decrease indoor pollution
New 4-H horticulture classes for Lancaster County Fair
New 4-H horticulture garden program
Tree hotel
Illegal insecticide use threatens health
Hibernation happenings
Newly-discovered magnet producing bacteria may clean environment
January is nota slow month for some pesky pests
Are any two alike? Snowflakes
Snug in the snow
Crop protection clinics
Pork production seminar
Cash in on hay marketing opportunities
Dormant planting grasses and legumes
1997 pesticide applicator training
Use soil tests to improve alfalfa production …
Seasonal Occurrence Of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus In Lowland Rice In Côte D’Ivoire, E. A. Heinrichs, A. A. Sy, S. K. Akator, I. Oyediran
Seasonal Occurrence Of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus In Lowland Rice In Côte D’Ivoire, E. A. Heinrichs, A. A. Sy, S. K. Akator, I. Oyediran
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Monthly plantings of the rice variety Bouaké 189 were made under lowland irrigated conditions, to obtain information on the phenological and seasonal occurrence of pests and diseases on the West African Rice Development Association (WARDA) research farm near Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire. Regular sampling of insect pests and observations on rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) disease infection throughout the year provided information on the occurrence of RYMV and potential insect vectors. RYMV incidence and grain yields varied depending on planting date, and for a given planting date, varied from one year to another. There was no evidence that RYMV incidence increases …
The Impact Of Ixodiphagus Hookeri, A Tick Parasitoid, On Amblyomma Variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) In A Field Trial In Kenya, E. N. Mwangi, S. M. Hassan, G. P. Kaaya, S. Essuman
The Impact Of Ixodiphagus Hookeri, A Tick Parasitoid, On Amblyomma Variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) In A Field Trial In Kenya, E. N. Mwangi, S. M. Hassan, G. P. Kaaya, S. Essuman
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
In an experiment to investigate the effect of the tick parasitoid, Ixodiphagus hookeri, on tick numbers on cattle, 150 000 parasitoids were released over a period of 1 year in a field where ten cattle infested with multiple tick species were kept. Amblyomma variegatum was reduced from 44 to two ticks per animal while Rhipicephalus appendiculatus increased over the time of parasitoid release. During the time of release 51% of the nymphs of A. variegatum collected from the animals were parasitized. The recovery of the parasitoids after the releases were stopped was only 9%. The total numbers of A. variegatum …
Suitability Of West African Gramineous Stemborers For The Development Of Cotesia Species, Y. Hailemichael, F. Schulthess, J. W. Smith, W. A. Overholt
Suitability Of West African Gramineous Stemborers For The Development Of Cotesia Species, Y. Hailemichael, F. Schulthess, J. W. Smith, W. A. Overholt
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
The palaeotropical, gregarious, endoparasitic braconids Cotesia sesamiae, Cotesia flavipes and Cotesia chilonis were recently imported into Benin as candidates for biological control of stem and cob borers of maize. Host acceptability and host suitability of six gramineous borers occurring in western Africa, namely the noctuids Sesamia calamistis, Sesamia poephaga, Busseola fusca and the pyralids Contesta ignefiisalis, Eldana saccharina and Mussidia nigrivenella, to these candidate parasitoids was evaluated in order to gain insight into the physiological suitability of the natural and factitious hosts. All hosts were accepted by all Cotesia spp., except M. nigrivenella which was not attacked by Co. chilonis. …
Synthesis, Analysis, And Field Activity Of Sordidin, A Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone Of The Banana Weevil, Cosmopolites Sordidus, Seetharaman Jayaraman, Isaiah O. Ndiege, Allan C. Oehlschlager, Lilliana M. Gonzalez, Dennis Alpizar, Mario Falles, William J. Budenberg, Peter Ahuya
Synthesis, Analysis, And Field Activity Of Sordidin, A Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone Of The Banana Weevil, Cosmopolites Sordidus, Seetharaman Jayaraman, Isaiah O. Ndiege, Allan C. Oehlschlager, Lilliana M. Gonzalez, Dennis Alpizar, Mario Falles, William J. Budenberg, Peter Ahuya
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
An efficient synthesis of the diastereoisomers of sordidin (1), a male-produced aggregation pheromone of Cosmopolites sordidus, has been developed from commercially available 4-methylpent-4-en-2-ol (2). Preparation of eχo-β-sordidin (1a) and endo-β-sordidin (1b) is via the anti epoxide, 4d, which is derived via iodocarbonation of 2. The endo-α-sordidin (1c) and eχo-α-sordidin (1d) are prepared from the corresponding syn epoxide, which is available via stereo controlled epoxidation of the triisopropylsilyloxy derivative, 3b. Silyloxy derivatives of the epoxides, 4 efficiently alkylate the anions of N-cyclohexyldiethylketimine (6a) and 3-pentanone N,N-dimethylhydrazone (6b). Acidic work-up of these alkylation reactions promotes cyclization to give 1. Gram quantities of …
Combining Ability Of Resistance To The Sorghum Shootfly, Atherigona Soccata And Stemborer Chilo Partellus In Grain Sorghum, Sorghum Bicolor, A. A. Elbadawi, A. M. Nour, R. S. Pathak
Combining Ability Of Resistance To The Sorghum Shootfly, Atherigona Soccata And Stemborer Chilo Partellus In Grain Sorghum, Sorghum Bicolor, A. A. Elbadawi, A. M. Nour, R. S. Pathak
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Combining ability of resistance to the sorghum shootfly, Atherigona soccata and spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus in grain sorghum was analysed on a seven-parents diallel in a field trial at the ICIPE Mbita Point Field Station, western Kenya during the 1990 long rainy season. Lines with best performance for each of the four measured resistance parameters were also found to be the best general combiners. Resistance to leaf damage and number of holes/metre were controlled by additive gene effects whereas resistance to deadheart and stem tunnelling were controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects. Parents IS-1044, IS-12308 and IS-2269 with their …