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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Articles 121 - 150 of 333

Full-Text Articles in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

Synopsis Of The Notonectidae Of Arkansas, Stephen W. Chordas Iii, George L. Harp Jan 1991

Synopsis Of The Notonectidae Of Arkansas, Stephen W. Chordas Iii, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Landowner Reports Of Deer Hunter Damage In Arkansas, Richard A. Kluender, T. Bentley Wigley Jr. Jan 1991

Landowner Reports Of Deer Hunter Damage In Arkansas, Richard A. Kluender, T. Bentley Wigley Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Damage to property from deer hunters, though usually not discovered immediately, is a problem for many Arkansans. A questionnaire survey was mailed to 3,773 rural landowners in Arkansas to determine the type and cost of damage suffered from hunters. Thirty-five percent reported minor problems, and 15% reported severe damage from hunters. The most common problems caused by hunters were fence cutting (33%), severe littering (16%), road damage (13%), crop damage (10%), cattle shot (8%), gates left open (6%), and trespassing (6%). Eighty-three (5%) of the landowners reported damage costs of $500 or more; one sustained a $15,000 loss. Total state-wide …

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Distribution And Habitat Of Utilization Of The Four-Toed Salamander, Hemidactylium Scutatum, In The Ouachita Mountains Of Arkansas, David A. Saugey, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 1991

Distribution And Habitat Of Utilization Of The Four-Toed Salamander, Hemidactylium Scutatum, In The Ouachita Mountains Of Arkansas, David A. Saugey, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Four-toed salamanders in Arkansas represent a disjunct population separated from their main range in the eastern United States and Canada. Until recently, the distribution of this species was documented by a few individual specimens collected or observed from widely spaced localities which has resulted in its being considered rare and vulnerable. Recent investigations of distribution and habitat utilization indicate this species may be more common than previously believed, but also reaffirms the need to protect riparian habitat, springs, ponds, woodland seeps and other preferred, moist habitats containing mossy areas used as primary egg deposition sites.

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Five-Year Study Of Geocarpon Minimum At Warren Prairie Natural Area Bradley County, Arkansas, William M. Shepherd, Charles R. Preston, Robert Steinauer Jan 1991

Five-Year Study Of Geocarpon Minimum At Warren Prairie Natural Area Bradley County, Arkansas, William M. Shepherd, Charles R. Preston, Robert Steinauer

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Geocarpon minimum, listed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service as threatened, was monitored at Warren Prairie Natural Area, Bradley County, Arkansas, 1986-90. Selected environmental variables were compared with Geocarpon productivity plot by plot. Principal components (PC) analysis generated two eigenvectors that jointly accounted for 30% of the variation among plots. PC-l describes an exposure gradient; high-productivity plots had less litter and grass cover, more cryptogamic lip, and more iron nodules lying on the surface than most other plots. PC-II was more useful for separating highly productive plots from all other plots; the highly productive plots lay in close proximity …

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Past And Present Distribution Of The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Picoides Borealis And Its Habitat In The Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, Joseph C. Neal, Warren G. Montague Jan 1991

Past And Present Distribution Of The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Picoides Borealis And Its Habitat In The Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, Joseph C. Neal, Warren G. Montague

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Within the past 15 years, at least 41 and probably more active cavity tree clusters (or colonies) of Red cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) have existed in remnant, mature shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) woodlands in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. These clusters were located on both private timberlands and in the Ouachita National Forest. Fewer than half of this number were still active in early 1991, and none remained on private timberlands. The species is presently restricted to the xeric, western margins of the Ouachitas in Scott and Polk counties within the confines of the Ouachita National Forest where it receives …

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An Analysis Of Stomach Contents Of The Ouachita Madtom In Three Streams Of The Upper Saline River Drainage, Arkansas, Tim M. Patton, Mark L. Zornes Jan 1991

An Analysis Of Stomach Contents Of The Ouachita Madtom In Three Streams Of The Upper Saline River Drainage, Arkansas, Tim M. Patton, Mark L. Zornes

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A study was conducted to identify typical foods eaten by the Ouachita madtom (Noturus lachneri), an endemic ictalurid of central Arkansas, and to compare these foods to the invertebrate community. Fish and invertebrate samples were collected in August and October, 1990, from a pool and adjacent riffle habitat in each of 3 streams in the upper Saline River drainage. Kick-net and electrofishing samples were collected at each site and the invertebrate organisms were identified to the lowest possible taxa. Stomachs from the N. lachneri specimens were removed and the contents were identified to order. Frequency of occurrence of each taxon …

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Distribution, Scutellation, And Reproduction In The Queen Snake, Regina Septemvittata (Serpentes: Colubridae), From Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 1991

Distribution, Scutellation, And Reproduction In The Queen Snake, Regina Septemvittata (Serpentes: Colubridae), From Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The queen snake, Regina septemvittata, has a disjunct portion of its distribution in Arkansas. This rare, crayfish-eating species is best known from only a few isolated populations from several major streams that flow out of the Boston Mountains of the Ozark Plateau. A field study of this species was conducted during the summer of 1990, and only 4 specimens were documented. Gravid females were collected in July; sperm production was also noted in July. Parturition presumably takes place in August or early September. This species may qualify as threatened or endangered in Arkansas.

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Aggressive Interactions Between Male Cotton Mice (Peromyscus Gossypinus) And Male Texas Mice (P. Attwateri), John A. Peppers, David W. Royal, Gary A. Heidt Jan 1991

Aggressive Interactions Between Male Cotton Mice (Peromyscus Gossypinus) And Male Texas Mice (P. Attwateri), John A. Peppers, David W. Royal, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Of The St. Francis Sunken Lands In Northeast Arkansas, Betty G. Cochran, George L. Harp Jan 1990

Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Of The St. Francis Sunken Lands In Northeast Arkansas, Betty G. Cochran, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The primary objective of this study was to survey the aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity of the St. Francis Sunken Lands in northeast Arkansas. Secondary objectives were a determination of their relative abundance and distributional and seasonal patterns. Sixty semi-annual collections were made from 30 stations by sampling each station 2 times for 1 ½ man-hours with a Turtox Indestructible™ dip net. Totals of 243 taxa and 13,952 organisms were recorded for the sample period (August 1987 - July 1988). Each station was assigned to 1 of 4 associations, distinguished by distinct physical factors within the river channels and the immediate watershed. …

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Autumn Foods Of White-Tailed Deer In Arkansas, Thomas A. Nelson, Luke Eggering, Danny Adams Jan 1988

Autumn Foods Of White-Tailed Deer In Arkansas, Thomas A. Nelson, Luke Eggering, Danny Adams

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Rumen contents from 65 hunter-harvested deer were collected and analyzed during 1985-86 to estimate the principal autumn foods consumed by white-tailed deer inhabiting the Ozark Mountains, Arkansas River Valley, and Gulf Coastal Plain regions of Arkansas. Deer in the Ozarks and Coastal Plain fed heavily on woody browse species, which comprised 99% of rumina identified from these 2 regions. Acorns were the primary food of deer in these heavily forested areas. Acorns and other woody browse were less important to deer inhabiting the Arkansas River Valley. In this region of interspersed agricultural fields and bottomland forests, soybeans and corn comprised …

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Factors Affecting Annual Deer Harvest In Arkansas, Richard A. Kluender, T. Bentley Wigley Jr., Michael E. Cartwright Jan 1988

Factors Affecting Annual Deer Harvest In Arkansas, Richard A. Kluender, T. Bentley Wigley Jr., Michael E. Cartwright

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

An understanding of general forces affecting annual harvest is essential to the management of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). A predictive model based on such factors would be valuable to managers. The relationship between 27 different variables and annual, legal deer harvest in Arkansas was evaluated for 1957-1986. Variables most affecting harvest were soybean acreage, hay acreage, number of days in the deer season, rain during the deer season, and total state timber production, total state pulpwood production, and deer harvest 2 years prior. Because significant autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity were present in the variables, log-linear, first differencing and non-linear quasi-Newton regression …

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Residual Pesticides In Fishes From Lake Chicot, Arkansas, C. M. Cooper, S. S. Knight Jan 1987

Residual Pesticides In Fishes From Lake Chicot, Arkansas, C. M. Cooper, S. S. Knight

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Samples of fish from isolated and flow-through portions of Lake Chicot, Arkansas, were analyzed for residual pesticide concentrations from 1978 and 1981. Where appropriate ecologically, fish flesh, viscera and whole fish, were analyzed for the common organochlorine insecticides DDT [1,1 ,1-trichloro -2,2bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane], DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethyene], DDD [1,1-dichloro -2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane], toxaphene (chlorinated camphene), chlordane, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, and endrin. DDT, DDT metabolites, and heptachlor were significantly (a = 0.05) higher in spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) and yellow bullhead catfish (Ictalurus natalis) than in other species examined. Pesticide concentrations did not exceed the acceptable levels established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency although …

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Selected Families Of Trichoptera In Arkansas, Veryl V. Board Jan 1987

Selected Families Of Trichoptera In Arkansas, Veryl V. Board

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Dimilin For Control Of Lernaea In Golden Shiner Ponds, Gary Burtle, John Morrison Jan 1987

Dimilin For Control Of Lernaea In Golden Shiner Ponds, Gary Burtle, John Morrison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A single application of Oimilin (UNIROYAL),diflubenzuron, was tested in 9 (nine) ponds containing golden shiner minnows, Notemigonus crysoleucas, infested with the parasitic copepod Lernaea cyprinacea. The chemical was applied at a rate of1 0 or 30 pg/l and compared to untreated controls. Fish were periodically sampled to determine levels of infestation, and zooplankton numbers were monitored for chemical effect. Oimilin treatment significantly reduced (P < 0.05) parasite infestation four to eight days after treatment. No significant difference (P < 0.05) was noted between the two levels of treatment. Zooplankton populations decreased in the Dimilin treated ponds following chemical application. Rotifer populations rebounded later during the period, but copepod populations in the ponds treated with 30 ng/L remained depressed from two days after treatment for one month until the study ended. Complete parasite control was not obtained with either chemical concentration using a single application. These results suggest that a single treatment is not effective for Lernaea control. Future research will test two applications 10 days apart at the 10 and 30 /xg/L levels.

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Clinostomum Marginatum Metacercaria: Incidence In Smallmouth Bass From A North Arkansas Stream And In Vitro Oxygen Consumption Studies, James J. Daly, Howard H. Conaway, Terryl L. Hostetler, H. Michael Matthews Jan 1987

Clinostomum Marginatum Metacercaria: Incidence In Smallmouth Bass From A North Arkansas Stream And In Vitro Oxygen Consumption Studies, James J. Daly, Howard H. Conaway, Terryl L. Hostetler, H. Michael Matthews

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Small mouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) captured from Crooked Creek (Marion Co., Arkansas) in the summers of 1977 and 1987 were found to have a high incidence of infection with the metacercaria of Clinostomum marginatum (yellow grub). Of 41 fish collected in 1977, 32 (78%) were found infected with metacercariae with some fish containing large numbers of parasites. The number of larvae per fish ranged from 1 to 184, with an average of 23.2 ± 38 per smallmouth. Eighty-six percent of the bass collected in 1987 were found positive for C. marginatum. The number of metacercariae per fish ranged from 1 …

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Distribution Of Fish Within Headwater Riffles Of The Illinois River System, Washington County, Arkansas, Danny J. Ebert, Arthur V. Brown, Carolyn B. Fielder Jan 1987

Distribution Of Fish Within Headwater Riffles Of The Illinois River System, Washington County, Arkansas, Danny J. Ebert, Arthur V. Brown, Carolyn B. Fielder

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Quantitative sampling of fish was performed in five headwater riffles of the Illinois River System, Washington County, Arkansas during low flow conditions. This study revealed differing fish species composition, biomass and feeding guild segregation between head and tail riffle reaches in 1st through 3rd order. Thirty species representing 10 families were identified. Of this number, darters (Percidae), sculpins (Cottidae), madtoms (Ictaluridae), and central stonerollers (Campostoma anomalum) (Cyprinidae) comprised 67 to 98 percent of riffle head populations. Fish biomass was greater for riffle head areas (0.58-6.6/0.28-2.0 g/m2 ) within sectivores and herbivores dominating. Total fish numbers decreased from riffleheads to tails, …

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Distribution And Status Of Rare And Endangered Mussels (Mollusca: Margaritiferidae, Unionidae) In Arkansas, John L. Harris, Mark E. Gordon Jan 1987

Distribution And Status Of Rare And Endangered Mussels (Mollusca: Margaritiferidae, Unionidae) In Arkansas, John L. Harris, Mark E. Gordon

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Knowledge of the distribution and population status of freshwater bivalves occurring in Arkansas has increased markedly during the past decade. Sufficient data has become available to delineate species which are rare and/or endangered within the state. Historical and recent records from Arkansas exist for four mussels currently listed as federally endangered species: the fat pocketbook (Potamilus capax), the pink mucket (Lampsilis orbiculata), Curtis' pearly mussel (Epioblasma florentina curtisi), and the turgid-blossom pearly mussel (Epioblasma turgidula). Ten additional mussels which occur or were thought to occur in Arkansas are being considered for federal protection by the United States Fish and Wildlife …

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Distribution Of Fishes In Reference Streams Within Arkansas' Ecoregions, William E. Keith Jan 1987

Distribution Of Fishes In Reference Streams Within Arkansas' Ecoregions, William E. Keith

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The State of Arkansas has been subdivided into six ecoregions based on the homogeneity of land surface forms, potential natural vegetation, soil types and land uses. Reference streams of various sizes, excluding the large rivers, and with the least amount of point source and non-point source disturbances were selected for intensive physical, chemical and biological sampling. These data are to be used to characterize the streams and establish water quality criteria which will protect all stream uses. Fish communities of the reference streams were distinctively different among the ecoregions and can easily be used to characterize the waters of different …

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Status Of The Instream Flow Issue In Arkansas, 1987, Stephen P. Filipek, William E. Keith, John Giese Jan 1987

Status Of The Instream Flow Issue In Arkansas, 1987, Stephen P. Filipek, William E. Keith, John Giese

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Expansion of Arkansas' population with concurrent increases in the state's domestic, industrial, and agricultural water uses and possible out-of-state diversion are placing substantial demands on the state's water resources. In an attempt to address this growing concern, Act 1051 (1985) of the Arkansas legislature was passed requiring the determination of present and future state water needs. A specific area of this mandate was the quantification of instream flow requirements. Basic instream flow needs are maintenance of the aquatic ecosystem and dependent riparian environment. Flow reservation may compliment other instream uses such as recreation, navigation, water quality, and groundwater recharge. However, …

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Effect Of City Effluent On The Diversity Of Aquatic Macroinvertabrates Of Sugar Creek, Clay County, Arkansas, Kay Cargill, George L. Harp Jan 1987

Effect Of City Effluent On The Diversity Of Aquatic Macroinvertabrates Of Sugar Creek, Clay County, Arkansas, Kay Cargill, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Rediscovery Of The Suckermouth Minnow, Phenacobius Mirabilis (Girard), In Arkansas, William E. Keith, Thomas M. Buchanan, Henry W. Robison Jan 1987

Rediscovery Of The Suckermouth Minnow, Phenacobius Mirabilis (Girard), In Arkansas, William E. Keith, Thomas M. Buchanan, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Status Review Of The Threatened Ozark Cavefish (Amblyopsis Rosae), Arthur V. Brown, C. Stan Todd Jan 1987

Status Review Of The Threatened Ozark Cavefish (Amblyopsis Rosae), Arthur V. Brown, C. Stan Todd

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Relationship Between Diameter Breast High And Diameter Near Ground Line For Hardwood Species In Arkansas, Richard A. Kluender, Jimmie L. Yeiser Jan 1986

Relationship Between Diameter Breast High And Diameter Near Ground Line For Hardwood Species In Arkansas, Richard A. Kluender, Jimmie L. Yeiser

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The relationship of diameter breast high (DBH) and diameter near ground line (DNG) was investigated for three groups of Arkansas hardwoods from four physiographic regions in the state. The relationship between DBH and DNG did not vary significantly across species groups or physiographic regions. Equations of both linear and non-linear form were developed to estimate DBH from DNG. The relationships between DBH and DNG is used to estimate timber volume, growth, and value from residual stumps. The relationship is also useful in harvesting system design and cost estimation in operational forestry.

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Woody Vegetation Of The Crystal Mountains Region, Derwood Mayo, P. L. Raines Jan 1986

Woody Vegetation Of The Crystal Mountains Region, Derwood Mayo, P. L. Raines

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Arms-length rectangle transects and nested quadrats were used to sample overstory, understory and shrub layers on south-facing mountains, north-facing mountains and flat areas along Collier and Montgomery Creeks in Montgomery County, Arkansas. Data were collected and used to calculate importance values for trees and density values for shrubs. These data indicate that the shortleaf pine-oak forest type occurs on south-facing mountains while variants of white oak-black oak-northern red oak type occur on north-facing mountains and flat areas. Beech (Fagus grandifolia Var. caroliniana [Loud.] Fern and Rehd.) is common along Collier Creek and is completely absent from Montgomery Creek watershed. The …

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Survey Of The Interior Least Tern On The Arkansas And White Rivers In Arkansas, Kenneth L. Smith Jan 1986

Survey Of The Interior Least Tern On The Arkansas And White Rivers In Arkansas, Kenneth L. Smith

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Notes On Three Palustrine Natural Community Types In The Arkansas Ozarks, Steve L. Orzell, William F. Pell, Gary E. Tucker Jan 1985

Notes On Three Palustrine Natural Community Types In The Arkansas Ozarks, Steve L. Orzell, William F. Pell, Gary E. Tucker

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Litter On Aquatic Macrophyte Germination And Growth, Mark F. Carter, Forrest E. Lane, James B. Grace Jan 1985

Effects Of Litter On Aquatic Macrophyte Germination And Growth, Mark F. Carter, Forrest E. Lane, James B. Grace

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

In Arkansas, during seasonal drought periods, lake water levels drop leaving exposed mudflats which are primary sites for seedling establishment. Commonly, these exposed mudflats are partially covered with decomposing litter from previous stands of aquatic plants. In this study, aqueous leachates from the litter of four macrophytes, Eleocharis quadrangulata, Justicia americana, Polygonum lapathifolium, and Potamogeton nodosus, were used to test for chemical interference with germination and seedling growth. Only Justicia americana leachate was found to affect the growth of several of the test species. The potential for chemical interference by Justicia litter was evaluated further using extracts of acidified leachate. …

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Model To Predict Arkansas Gray Fox Fur Harvests, James H. Peck, Gary A. Heidt Jan 1985

Model To Predict Arkansas Gray Fox Fur Harvests, James H. Peck, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Linear regression analysis of total gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) fur harvests from 1954-1983 in Arkansas showed a high correlation with mean pelt values (r = 0.956). Single variable models using linear regression analyses of current season's pelt values (CSPV) and previous season's pelt values (PSPV) were designed to predict fur harvests. These models demonstrated high correlations for predicting harvests (r = 0.933 and r = 0.893 respectively). Regional analyses revealed a high correlation between mean pelt values and harvest for the Ozark Mountain region (r = 0.923), Ouachita Mountain region (r = 0.971 ), and Gulf Coastal Plain (r = …

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Age And Growth Of The Bluegill Lepomis Macrochrius Rafinesque From An Unmanaged Watershed Lake In Northeast Arkansas With Observations On Lake Ecology, Stephen A. Sewell Jan 1985

Age And Growth Of The Bluegill Lepomis Macrochrius Rafinesque From An Unmanaged Watershed Lake In Northeast Arkansas With Observations On Lake Ecology, Stephen A. Sewell

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Age and growth data were compiled on 114 bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, taken from floodwater retarding structure #15 of the Big Creek Watershed project in Craighead and Greene counties of northeast Arkansas. This project was completed in the early 1960's by USDA-SCS. The 73 surface acre lake has not been managed for fish production and has been subjected to unscheduled water level manipulations during dry weather periods. These manipulations have maintained the bluegill population in healthy condition. The oldest bluegill collected were age class IV+. Average condition coefficient K(TL)declined from oldest to youngest individuals (2.96 in age class IV+ - …

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Summary Account Of The Carolina Parakeet In Arkansas, Daniel Mckinley, Douglas A. James Jan 1984

Summary Account Of The Carolina Parakeet In Arkansas, Daniel Mckinley, Douglas A. James

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The extinct Carolina Parakeet (Conuropsis carolinensis) once was part of the Arkansas avifauna. The first two reports of the species in what is now Arkansas were made in 1673 and 1718 by early French explorers. The remaining records are from the 1800s when parakeets were found in nearly all parts of the state, often in abundance. The last literature reference for the species still definitely occurring in Arkansas pertains to birds present in the summer of 1885 along the White River at Newport

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