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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Evolution
Does High Relatedness Promote Cheater-Free Multicellularity In Synthetic Lifecycles?, R F. Inglis, E Ryu, O Asikhia, Joan E. Strassmann, David C. Queller
Does High Relatedness Promote Cheater-Free Multicellularity In Synthetic Lifecycles?, R F. Inglis, E Ryu, O Asikhia, Joan E. Strassmann, David C. Queller
Biology Faculty Research
The evolution of multicellularity is one of the key transitions in evolution and requires extreme levels of cooperation between cells. However, even when cells are genetically identical, noncooperative cheating mutants can arise that cause a breakdown in cooperation. How then, do multicellular organisms maintain cooperation between cells? A number of mechanisms that increase relatedness amongst cooperative cells have been implicated in the maintenance of cooperative multicellularity including single-cell bottlenecks and kin recognition. In this study, we explore how relatively simple biological processes such as growth and dispersal can act to increase relatedness and promote multicellular cooperation. Using experimental populations of …
Social Amoebae Mating Types Do Not Invest Unequally In Sexual Offspring, T E. Douglas, David C. Queller, Joan E. Strassmann
Social Amoebae Mating Types Do Not Invest Unequally In Sexual Offspring, T E. Douglas, David C. Queller, Joan E. Strassmann
Biology Faculty Research
Unequal investment by different sexes in their progeny is common and includes differential investment in the zygote and differential care of the young. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has a sexual stage in which isogamous cells of any two of the three mating types fuse to form a zygote which then attracts hundreds of other cells to the macrocyst. The latter cells are cannibalized and so make no genetic contribution to reproduction. Previous literature suggests that this sacrifice may be induced in cells of one mating type by cells of another, resulting in a higher than expected production of macrocysts …
Problems Of Multi-Species Organisms: Endosymbionts To Holobionts, David C. Queller, Joan E. Strassmann
Problems Of Multi-Species Organisms: Endosymbionts To Holobionts, David C. Queller, Joan E. Strassmann
Biology Faculty Research
The organism is one of the fundamental concepts of biology and has been at the center of many discussions about biological individuality, yet what exactly it is can be confusing. The definition that we find generally useful is that an organism is a unit in which all the subunits have evolved to be highly cooperative, with very little conflict. We focus on how often organisms evolve from two or more formerly independent organisms. Two canonical transitions of this type—replicators clustered in cells and endosymbiotic organelles within host cells—demonstrate the reality of this kind of evolutionary transition and suggest conditions that …
Theory Of Inclusive Fitness, David C. Queller
Theory Of Inclusive Fitness, David C. Queller
Biology Faculty Research
A review of Social Evolution and Inclusive Fitness Theory: An Introduction. By James A. R. Marshall. Princeton (New Jersey): Princeton University Press. $39.95. xix + 195 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978-0-691-16156-3. 2015.
Joint Phenotypes, Evolutionary Conflict And The Fundamental Theorem Of Natural Selection, David C. Queller
Joint Phenotypes, Evolutionary Conflict And The Fundamental Theorem Of Natural Selection, David C. Queller
Biology Faculty Research
Multiple organisms can sometimes affect a common phenotype. For example, the portion of a leaf eaten by an insect is a joint phenotype of the plant and insect and the amount of food obtained by an offspring can be a joint trait with its mother. Here, I describe the evolution of joint phenotypes in quantitative genetic terms. A joint phenotype for multiple species evolves as the sum of additive genetic variances in each species, weighted by the selection on each species. Selective conflict between the interactants occurs when selection takes opposite signs on the joint phenotype. The mean fitness of …
A Unique Covalent Bond In Basement Membrane Is A Primordial Innovation For Tissue Evolution, Aaron L. Fidler, Roberto M. Vanacore, Sergei V. Chetyrkin, Vadim K. Pedchenko, Gautam Bhave, Viravuth P. Yin, Cody L. Stothers, Kristie Lindsey Rose, W. Hayes Mcdonald, Travis A. Clark, Dorin-Bogdan Borza, Robert E. Steele, Michael T. Ivy, The Aspirnauts, Julie K. Hudson, Billy G. Hudson
A Unique Covalent Bond In Basement Membrane Is A Primordial Innovation For Tissue Evolution, Aaron L. Fidler, Roberto M. Vanacore, Sergei V. Chetyrkin, Vadim K. Pedchenko, Gautam Bhave, Viravuth P. Yin, Cody L. Stothers, Kristie Lindsey Rose, W. Hayes Mcdonald, Travis A. Clark, Dorin-Bogdan Borza, Robert E. Steele, Michael T. Ivy, The Aspirnauts, Julie K. Hudson, Billy G. Hudson
Biology Faculty Research
We recently discovered that the collagen IV scaffolds of bovine, mouse, and Drosophila melanogaster tissues are stabilized by sulfilimine chemical bonds (S = N) (20⇓–22). The bond is a covalent cross-link between methionine-93 (Met93) and lysine-211 or hydroxylysine-211 (Lys211/Hyl211) residues that stabilizes the noncollagenous (NC1) interface of adjoining triple helical protomers (Fig. 1A). Peroxidasin, an animal heme peroxidase embedded in basement membrane, forms these sulfilimine cross-links by producing hypohalous acids as intermediates for Met93 oxidization (21, 22). Here, we explored whether the sulfilimine cross-link of collagen IV is a fundamental requirement in the genesis and evolution of tissues in Eumetazoa. …
The Rate And Effects Of Spontaneous Mutation On Fitness Traits In The Social Amoeba, Dictyostelium Discoideum, David W. Hall, Sara Fox, Jennie J. Kuzdzal-Fick, Joan E. Strassmann, David C. Queller
The Rate And Effects Of Spontaneous Mutation On Fitness Traits In The Social Amoeba, Dictyostelium Discoideum, David W. Hall, Sara Fox, Jennie J. Kuzdzal-Fick, Joan E. Strassmann, David C. Queller
Biology Faculty Research
We performed a mutation accumulation (MA) experiment in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum to estimate the rate and distribution of effects of spontaneous mutations affecting eight putative fitness traits. We found that the per-generation mutation rate for most fitness components is 0.0019 mutations per haploid genome per generation or larger. This rate is an order of magnitude higher than estimates for fitness components in the unicellular eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, even though the base-pair substitution rate is two orders of magnitude lower. The high rate of fitness-altering mutations observed in this species may be partially explained by a large mutational target …
The Emergence Of Sex, Ursula Goodenough
The Emergence Of Sex, Ursula Goodenough
Biology Faculty Research
Biological traits, the foci of natural selection, are by definition emergent from the genes, proteins, and other “nothing-buts” that constitute them. Moreover, and with the exception of recently emergent “spandrels,” each can be accorded a teleological dimension—each is “for” some purpose conducive to an organism's continuation. Sex, which is “for” the generation of recombinant genomes, may be one of the most ancient and ubiquitous traits in biology. In the course of its evolution, many additional traits, such as gender and nurture, have emerged. Patterns of sexual exchange are the basis for patterns of biological evolution and are central to the …
Reductionism And Holism, Chance And Selection, Mechanism And Mind, Ursula Goodenough
Reductionism And Holism, Chance And Selection, Mechanism And Mind, Ursula Goodenough
Biology Faculty Research
Despite its rich and deepening panoply of empirical support, evolutionary theory continues to generate widespread concern. Some of this concern can be attributed to misunderstandings of the original concept, some to unfamiliarity with its current trajectories, and some to strongly held fears that it strips the human of cherished attributes. In this essay I seek to deconstruct such misunderstandings, lift up current concepts of what evolution entails, and address some of the existential issues it generates.
Genomes, Gould, And Emergence, Ursula Goodenough
Genomes, Gould, And Emergence, Ursula Goodenough
Biology Faculty Research
The publication of the human genome has elicited commentary to the effect that, since fewer genes were identified than anticipated, it follows that genes are less important to human biology than anticipated. The flaws in this syllogism are explained in the context of a treatise on how genomes operate and evolve and how genes function to produce embryos and brains. Most of our most cherished human traits are the result of the emergence of new properties from preexisting genetically scripted ideas, offering countless opportunities to celebrate the evolutionary process.
Reflections On Scientific And Religious Metaphor, Ursula Goodenough
Reflections On Scientific And Religious Metaphor, Ursula Goodenough
Biology Faculty Research
The importance of scientific conflicts for theology and philosophy is difficult to judge. In many disputes of significance, prominent scientists can be found on both sides. Profound philosophical and religious implications are sometimes said to be implied by the new theory as well. This article examines the dispute over natural selection between Richard Dawkins and Stephen Jay Gould as a contemporary instance of such a conflict. While both claim that profound philosophical conclusions flow from their own alternative account of evolution, I suggest that the implication is not as great as is claimed and that the alleged implications have as …
The Holes In Gould's Semipermeable Membrane Between Science And Religion, Ursula Goodenough
The Holes In Gould's Semipermeable Membrane Between Science And Religion, Ursula Goodenough
Biology Faculty Research
Book review: Rocks of Ages: Science and Religion in the Fullness of Life. Stephen Jay Gould. 241 pp. Ballantine Publishing Group, 1999.
Biology: What One Needs To Know, Ursula Goodenough
Biology: What One Needs To Know, Ursula Goodenough
Biology Faculty Research
Biology on this planet represents an astonishing experiment in carbon-based chemistry which, over billions of years, has generated billions of species adapted to countless major and minor fluctuations in ecological circumstances. In one sense there is no way to generalize about biology. While biological activities can all be ultimately explained by physical laws (like everything else in the universe), it is the emergent intensely particular properties of organisms that most interest us. This essay represents an attempt to describe some of the more prominent patterns that emerge from the sea of biological particularities, patterns that present many opportunities for religious …
[Book Review Of] Adaptation In Metapopulations: How Interaction Changes Evolution, By Michael J. Wade., David C. Queller
[Book Review Of] Adaptation In Metapopulations: How Interaction Changes Evolution, By Michael J. Wade., David C. Queller
Biology Faculty Research
Adaptation in Metapopulations: How Interaction Changes Evolution. By Michael J. Wade. Chicago (Illinois): University of Chicago Press . $120.00 (hardcover); $40.00 (paper). vii + 260 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978-0-226-12956-3 (hc); 978-0-226-12973-0 (pb); 978-0-226-12987-7 (eb). 2016.