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University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

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Articles 391 - 420 of 632

Full-Text Articles in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Autumn Foods Of White-Tailed Deer In Arkansas, Thomas A. Nelson, Luke Eggering, Danny Adams Jan 1988

Autumn Foods Of White-Tailed Deer In Arkansas, Thomas A. Nelson, Luke Eggering, Danny Adams

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Rumen contents from 65 hunter-harvested deer were collected and analyzed during 1985-86 to estimate the principal autumn foods consumed by white-tailed deer inhabiting the Ozark Mountains, Arkansas River Valley, and Gulf Coastal Plain regions of Arkansas. Deer in the Ozarks and Coastal Plain fed heavily on woody browse species, which comprised 99% of rumina identified from these 2 regions. Acorns were the primary food of deer in these heavily forested areas. Acorns and other woody browse were less important to deer inhabiting the Arkansas River Valley. In this region of interspersed agricultural fields and bottomland forests, soybeans and corn comprised …

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Sex Ratios In Bobcat Populations, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1988

Sex Ratios In Bobcat Populations, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Reported sex ratios in bobcat populations have suggested great variation ranging from strong male bias to strong female bias. Explanations offered for these observations have included factors of mobility, activity, behavior, inaccurate data collection, hunting pressure, and population density. Ratios are probably most representative during the winter, when females are no longer under constraints of parental care. Sex determination should be made by experienced observers and preferably through internal examination. The most productive direction for interpretation of validated ratios appears to be in terms of population density, hunting pressure, and the timing of harvest.

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Factors Affecting Annual Deer Harvest In Arkansas, Richard A. Kluender, T. Bentley Wigley Jr., Michael E. Cartwright Jan 1988

Factors Affecting Annual Deer Harvest In Arkansas, Richard A. Kluender, T. Bentley Wigley Jr., Michael E. Cartwright

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

An understanding of general forces affecting annual harvest is essential to the management of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). A predictive model based on such factors would be valuable to managers. The relationship between 27 different variables and annual, legal deer harvest in Arkansas was evaluated for 1957-1986. Variables most affecting harvest were soybean acreage, hay acreage, number of days in the deer season, rain during the deer season, and total state timber production, total state pulpwood production, and deer harvest 2 years prior. Because significant autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity were present in the variables, log-linear, first differencing and non-linear quasi-Newton regression …

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Forest Habitat Use By White-Tailed Deer In The Arkansas Coastal Plain, T. B. Wigley Jr., M. E. Garner Jan 1988

Forest Habitat Use By White-Tailed Deer In The Arkansas Coastal Plain, T. B. Wigley Jr., M. E. Garner

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Forest habitat use by five radio-equipped white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was monitored in the Arkansas Coastal Plain during 1982-84. The deer were located 821 times. Use of forest types was compared to expected use as calculated from availability. The study area was also divided into 491 two-hectare cells for which timber characteristics and number of deer locations were determined. Pine sawtimber was the most heavily used forest type in all seasons and was used more often than expected during spring. Also used more than expected were brushy areas (clearcut but not site prepared) during spring, summer and fall and openings …

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Reproductive Characteristics Of South Florida Sternotherus Odoratus And Kinosternon Baurii (Testudines: Kinosternidae), Walter E. Meshaka Jr. Jan 1988

Reproductive Characteristics Of South Florida Sternotherus Odoratus And Kinosternon Baurii (Testudines: Kinosternidae), Walter E. Meshaka Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Mammalian Species Recovered From A Study Of Barn Owl, Tyto Alba, Pellets From Southwestern Arkansas, Tim W. Steward, J. D. Wilhide, V. Rick Mcdaniel, Daniel R. England Jan 1988

Mammalian Species Recovered From A Study Of Barn Owl, Tyto Alba, Pellets From Southwestern Arkansas, Tim W. Steward, J. D. Wilhide, V. Rick Mcdaniel, Daniel R. England

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Residual Pesticides In Fishes From Lake Chicot, Arkansas, C. M. Cooper, S. S. Knight Jan 1987

Residual Pesticides In Fishes From Lake Chicot, Arkansas, C. M. Cooper, S. S. Knight

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Samples of fish from isolated and flow-through portions of Lake Chicot, Arkansas, were analyzed for residual pesticide concentrations from 1978 and 1981. Where appropriate ecologically, fish flesh, viscera and whole fish, were analyzed for the common organochlorine insecticides DDT [1,1 ,1-trichloro -2,2bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane], DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethyene], DDD [1,1-dichloro -2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane], toxaphene (chlorinated camphene), chlordane, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, and endrin. DDT, DDT metabolites, and heptachlor were significantly (a = 0.05) higher in spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) and yellow bullhead catfish (Ictalurus natalis) than in other species examined. Pesticide concentrations did not exceed the acceptable levels established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency although …

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Selected Families Of Trichoptera In Arkansas, Veryl V. Board Jan 1987

Selected Families Of Trichoptera In Arkansas, Veryl V. Board

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Dimilin For Control Of Lernaea In Golden Shiner Ponds, Gary Burtle, John Morrison Jan 1987

Dimilin For Control Of Lernaea In Golden Shiner Ponds, Gary Burtle, John Morrison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A single application of Oimilin (UNIROYAL),diflubenzuron, was tested in 9 (nine) ponds containing golden shiner minnows, Notemigonus crysoleucas, infested with the parasitic copepod Lernaea cyprinacea. The chemical was applied at a rate of1 0 or 30 pg/l and compared to untreated controls. Fish were periodically sampled to determine levels of infestation, and zooplankton numbers were monitored for chemical effect. Oimilin treatment significantly reduced (P < 0.05) parasite infestation four to eight days after treatment. No significant difference (P < 0.05) was noted between the two levels of treatment. Zooplankton populations decreased in the Dimilin treated ponds following chemical application. Rotifer populations rebounded later during the period, but copepod populations in the ponds treated with 30 ng/L remained depressed from two days after treatment for one month until the study ended. Complete parasite control was not obtained with either chemical concentration using a single application. These results suggest that a single treatment is not effective for Lernaea control. Future research will test two applications 10 days apart at the 10 and 30 /xg/L levels.

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Hyla Versicolor-Chrysoscelis Species Complex Of Gray Treefrogs In Arkansas: Histological And Ultrastructural Evidence, Phyllis Chaffin, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 1987

Hyla Versicolor-Chrysoscelis Species Complex Of Gray Treefrogs In Arkansas: Histological And Ultrastructural Evidence, Phyllis Chaffin, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We investigated the Hyla versicolor-chrysoscelis species complex (tetraploid and diploid species, respectively) of cryptic gray treefrogs from Arkansas using light and scanning electron microscopy. From previous studies of this treefrog complex in other states, H. versicolor has been shown to exhibit larger nuclear diameters and larger toe pad epithelial cells than H. chrysoscelis. Based upon average nuclear diameters of eyelid epithelial cells, we found two or possibly three groups of frogs. The presumed H. versicolor exhibited greatly enlarged toe pad epithelial cells using scanning electron microscopy and were found in four counties, three of which are in the Ozark Mountains. …

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Clinostomum Marginatum Metacercaria: Incidence In Smallmouth Bass From A North Arkansas Stream And In Vitro Oxygen Consumption Studies, James J. Daly, Howard H. Conaway, Terryl L. Hostetler, H. Michael Matthews Jan 1987

Clinostomum Marginatum Metacercaria: Incidence In Smallmouth Bass From A North Arkansas Stream And In Vitro Oxygen Consumption Studies, James J. Daly, Howard H. Conaway, Terryl L. Hostetler, H. Michael Matthews

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Small mouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) captured from Crooked Creek (Marion Co., Arkansas) in the summers of 1977 and 1987 were found to have a high incidence of infection with the metacercaria of Clinostomum marginatum (yellow grub). Of 41 fish collected in 1977, 32 (78%) were found infected with metacercariae with some fish containing large numbers of parasites. The number of larvae per fish ranged from 1 to 184, with an average of 23.2 ± 38 per smallmouth. Eighty-six percent of the bass collected in 1987 were found positive for C. marginatum. The number of metacercariae per fish ranged from 1 …

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Distribution Of Fish Within Headwater Riffles Of The Illinois River System, Washington County, Arkansas, Danny J. Ebert, Arthur V. Brown, Carolyn B. Fielder Jan 1987

Distribution Of Fish Within Headwater Riffles Of The Illinois River System, Washington County, Arkansas, Danny J. Ebert, Arthur V. Brown, Carolyn B. Fielder

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Quantitative sampling of fish was performed in five headwater riffles of the Illinois River System, Washington County, Arkansas during low flow conditions. This study revealed differing fish species composition, biomass and feeding guild segregation between head and tail riffle reaches in 1st through 3rd order. Thirty species representing 10 families were identified. Of this number, darters (Percidae), sculpins (Cottidae), madtoms (Ictaluridae), and central stonerollers (Campostoma anomalum) (Cyprinidae) comprised 67 to 98 percent of riffle head populations. Fish biomass was greater for riffle head areas (0.58-6.6/0.28-2.0 g/m2 ) within sectivores and herbivores dominating. Total fish numbers decreased from riffleheads to tails, …

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Distribution And Status Of Rare And Endangered Mussels (Mollusca: Margaritiferidae, Unionidae) In Arkansas, John L. Harris, Mark E. Gordon Jan 1987

Distribution And Status Of Rare And Endangered Mussels (Mollusca: Margaritiferidae, Unionidae) In Arkansas, John L. Harris, Mark E. Gordon

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Knowledge of the distribution and population status of freshwater bivalves occurring in Arkansas has increased markedly during the past decade. Sufficient data has become available to delineate species which are rare and/or endangered within the state. Historical and recent records from Arkansas exist for four mussels currently listed as federally endangered species: the fat pocketbook (Potamilus capax), the pink mucket (Lampsilis orbiculata), Curtis' pearly mussel (Epioblasma florentina curtisi), and the turgid-blossom pearly mussel (Epioblasma turgidula). Ten additional mussels which occur or were thought to occur in Arkansas are being considered for federal protection by the United States Fish and Wildlife …

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Distribution Of Fishes In Reference Streams Within Arkansas' Ecoregions, William E. Keith Jan 1987

Distribution Of Fishes In Reference Streams Within Arkansas' Ecoregions, William E. Keith

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The State of Arkansas has been subdivided into six ecoregions based on the homogeneity of land surface forms, potential natural vegetation, soil types and land uses. Reference streams of various sizes, excluding the large rivers, and with the least amount of point source and non-point source disturbances were selected for intensive physical, chemical and biological sampling. These data are to be used to characterize the streams and establish water quality criteria which will protect all stream uses. Fish communities of the reference streams were distinctively different among the ecoregions and can easily be used to characterize the waters of different …

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Status Of The Instream Flow Issue In Arkansas, 1987, Stephen P. Filipek, William E. Keith, John Giese Jan 1987

Status Of The Instream Flow Issue In Arkansas, 1987, Stephen P. Filipek, William E. Keith, John Giese

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Expansion of Arkansas' population with concurrent increases in the state's domestic, industrial, and agricultural water uses and possible out-of-state diversion are placing substantial demands on the state's water resources. In an attempt to address this growing concern, Act 1051 (1985) of the Arkansas legislature was passed requiring the determination of present and future state water needs. A specific area of this mandate was the quantification of instream flow requirements. Basic instream flow needs are maintenance of the aquatic ecosystem and dependent riparian environment. Flow reservation may compliment other instream uses such as recreation, navigation, water quality, and groundwater recharge. However, …

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Effect Of City Effluent On The Diversity Of Aquatic Macroinvertabrates Of Sugar Creek, Clay County, Arkansas, Kay Cargill, George L. Harp Jan 1987

Effect Of City Effluent On The Diversity Of Aquatic Macroinvertabrates Of Sugar Creek, Clay County, Arkansas, Kay Cargill, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Rediscovery Of The Suckermouth Minnow, Phenacobius Mirabilis (Girard), In Arkansas, William E. Keith, Thomas M. Buchanan, Henry W. Robison Jan 1987

Rediscovery Of The Suckermouth Minnow, Phenacobius Mirabilis (Girard), In Arkansas, William E. Keith, Thomas M. Buchanan, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Status Review Of The Threatened Ozark Cavefish (Amblyopsis Rosae), Arthur V. Brown, C. Stan Todd Jan 1987

Status Review Of The Threatened Ozark Cavefish (Amblyopsis Rosae), Arthur V. Brown, C. Stan Todd

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Relationship Between Diameter Breast High And Diameter Near Ground Line For Hardwood Species In Arkansas, Richard A. Kluender, Jimmie L. Yeiser Jan 1986

Relationship Between Diameter Breast High And Diameter Near Ground Line For Hardwood Species In Arkansas, Richard A. Kluender, Jimmie L. Yeiser

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The relationship of diameter breast high (DBH) and diameter near ground line (DNG) was investigated for three groups of Arkansas hardwoods from four physiographic regions in the state. The relationship between DBH and DNG did not vary significantly across species groups or physiographic regions. Equations of both linear and non-linear form were developed to estimate DBH from DNG. The relationships between DBH and DNG is used to estimate timber volume, growth, and value from residual stumps. The relationship is also useful in harvesting system design and cost estimation in operational forestry.

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Comparison Of The Symbiotic Fauna Of The Family Plethodontidae In The Ouachita Mountains Of Western Arkansas, Douglas A. Winter, Wojciech M. Zawada, Arthur A. Johnson Jan 1986

Comparison Of The Symbiotic Fauna Of The Family Plethodontidae In The Ouachita Mountains Of Western Arkansas, Douglas A. Winter, Wojciech M. Zawada, Arthur A. Johnson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

During the spring of 1985, 101 salamanders representing six host species (29 Plethodon ouachitae, 25 P. caddoensis, 6 P. fourchensis, 23 P. serratus, 13 Desmognathus brimleyorum, and 5 P. glutinosus glutinosus) were collected from six localities in three counties in Arkansas (Polk, Scott, and Montgomery) and examined for symbionts. With the exception of Hannemania dunni, all symbionts recovered from the first five species listed constitute new host records, and the endoparasitic fauna in all species establish new locality records. Examinations revealed one or more species of parasites in 82% of the hosts. Eight species of symbionts (3 nematode, 1 trematode, …

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Woody Vegetation Of The Crystal Mountains Region, Derwood Mayo, P. L. Raines Jan 1986

Woody Vegetation Of The Crystal Mountains Region, Derwood Mayo, P. L. Raines

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Arms-length rectangle transects and nested quadrats were used to sample overstory, understory and shrub layers on south-facing mountains, north-facing mountains and flat areas along Collier and Montgomery Creeks in Montgomery County, Arkansas. Data were collected and used to calculate importance values for trees and density values for shrubs. These data indicate that the shortleaf pine-oak forest type occurs on south-facing mountains while variants of white oak-black oak-northern red oak type occur on north-facing mountains and flat areas. Beech (Fagus grandifolia Var. caroliniana [Loud.] Fern and Rehd.) is common along Collier Creek and is completely absent from Montgomery Creek watershed. The …

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Tagging And Marking Crawfish (Procambarus Clarkii) In A Population Estimation Study, Frank Meriweather Jan 1986

Tagging And Marking Crawfish (Procambarus Clarkii) In A Population Estimation Study, Frank Meriweather

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Crawfish (Procambarus clarkii) were tagged with enumerated plastic streamers and released in 0.1-ha ponds to observe recapture frequency in stand-up traps. Also, crawfish were marked by a uropod punch, released and recaptured in 0.1-ha ponds for population estimation. Survival of streamer-tagged crawfish in indoor tanks averaged 46.7% after 25 days, indicating that tagging caused stress leading to mortality, especially during molt. Recapture frequencies of tagged crawfish indicated sampling bias which obviated use of the tagging method in population assessments. Short term (3-day) survival of marked crawfish (92%) and retention of the mark after molt indicated potential application in population assessment …

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Survey Of The Interior Least Tern On The Arkansas And White Rivers In Arkansas, Kenneth L. Smith Jan 1986

Survey Of The Interior Least Tern On The Arkansas And White Rivers In Arkansas, Kenneth L. Smith

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Population Trends Of The Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius Ludovicianus) In Arkansas, Fred L. Burnside Jr., William M. Shepherd Jan 1985

Population Trends Of The Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius Ludovicianus) In Arkansas, Fred L. Burnside Jr., William M. Shepherd

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Flow Reduction May Explain Sporadic Occurrence Of Craspedacusta Sowerbyi (Trachylina) Medusae, Peter P. Brussock, Lawrence D. Willis, Arthur V. Brown Jan 1985

Flow Reduction May Explain Sporadic Occurrence Of Craspedacusta Sowerbyi (Trachylina) Medusae, Peter P. Brussock, Lawrence D. Willis, Arthur V. Brown

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Notes On Three Palustrine Natural Community Types In The Arkansas Ozarks, Steve L. Orzell, William F. Pell, Gary E. Tucker Jan 1985

Notes On Three Palustrine Natural Community Types In The Arkansas Ozarks, Steve L. Orzell, William F. Pell, Gary E. Tucker

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Heterogenity Of The Spawning Populations Of Surf Smelt In The State Of Washington, Raj V. Kilambi Jan 1985

Heterogenity Of The Spawning Populations Of Surf Smelt In The State Of Washington, Raj V. Kilambi

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Biometric comparisons of three spawning populations of surf smelt, one from Pacific Coast and two from Puget Sound, were made. The Puget Sound populations (Hood Canal and Utsaladdy) were more similar to each other compared to the ocean populations. The Hood Canal and Utsaladdy smelt exhibited least distance function, D^2 , and greater overlap of meristic characters compared to the Lapush fish. It was postulated that the Puget Sound smelt populations were derived from the ocean smelt some 13,000 or more years ago.

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Effects Of Litter On Aquatic Macrophyte Germination And Growth, Mark F. Carter, Forrest E. Lane, James B. Grace Jan 1985

Effects Of Litter On Aquatic Macrophyte Germination And Growth, Mark F. Carter, Forrest E. Lane, James B. Grace

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

In Arkansas, during seasonal drought periods, lake water levels drop leaving exposed mudflats which are primary sites for seedling establishment. Commonly, these exposed mudflats are partially covered with decomposing litter from previous stands of aquatic plants. In this study, aqueous leachates from the litter of four macrophytes, Eleocharis quadrangulata, Justicia americana, Polygonum lapathifolium, and Potamogeton nodosus, were used to test for chemical interference with germination and seedling growth. Only Justicia americana leachate was found to affect the growth of several of the test species. The potential for chemical interference by Justicia litter was evaluated further using extracts of acidified leachate. …

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Model To Predict Arkansas Gray Fox Fur Harvests, James H. Peck, Gary A. Heidt Jan 1985

Model To Predict Arkansas Gray Fox Fur Harvests, James H. Peck, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Linear regression analysis of total gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) fur harvests from 1954-1983 in Arkansas showed a high correlation with mean pelt values (r = 0.956). Single variable models using linear regression analyses of current season's pelt values (CSPV) and previous season's pelt values (PSPV) were designed to predict fur harvests. These models demonstrated high correlations for predicting harvests (r = 0.933 and r = 0.893 respectively). Regional analyses revealed a high correlation between mean pelt values and harvest for the Ozark Mountain region (r = 0.923), Ouachita Mountain region (r = 0.971 ), and Gulf Coastal Plain (r = …

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Fluctuations And Relationships Of Selected Physiochemical Parameters In Dardanelle Reservoir, Arkansas, 1975-1982, John D. Rickett, Robert L. Watson Jan 1985

Fluctuations And Relationships Of Selected Physiochemical Parameters In Dardanelle Reservoir, Arkansas, 1975-1982, John D. Rickett, Robert L. Watson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Annual and seasonal fluctuations and relationships are described for discharge, turbidity, chloride, total hardness, conductivity and suspended solids over an eight-year period in Dardanelle Reservoir. The parameters fluctuated rather widely primarily in response to seasonal patterns of rainfall. Chloride and conductivity were related and generally fluctuated together as did turbidity and suspended solids. Hardness appeared to vary independently of the others prior to 1979 then varied more closely with chloride after March 1979. Inherent differences between the Illinois Bayou arm and the main Arkansas River sections complicated the precise identification of any overall impact of power plant operation. No significant …

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