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University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

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Articles 361 - 390 of 632

Full-Text Articles in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Range Extension Of The Paleback Darter, Mitzi G. Pardew, Betty G. Cochran, William R. Posey Ii Jan 1993

Range Extension Of The Paleback Darter, Mitzi G. Pardew, Betty G. Cochran, William R. Posey Ii

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Surveys from 1990 through 1992 resulted in a significant range extension of the paleback darter, Etheostoma pallididorsum, which is endemic to the Ouachita Mountains. Prior to 1990, it had only been collected in the upper Caddo River drainage and a tributary to the Ouachita River below Lake Ouachita. The collections that extended this darter's range occurred in tributaries of the Ouachita River above Lake Ouachita.

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Distribution And Population Structure Of Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae) In Lake Chicot, Arkansas, John L. Harris, Peter J. Rust, Stephen W. Chordas Iii, George L. Harp Jan 1993

Distribution And Population Structure Of Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae) In Lake Chicot, Arkansas, John L. Harris, Peter J. Rust, Stephen W. Chordas Iii, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A systematic survey of mussel concentrations (= beds) in Lake Chicot was conducted during June 10-15, 1991. The lake was divided into 58 relatively equal-sized quadrats for qualitative survey by two, 2-man teams using Hookah dive systems. A qualitative survey revealed a single mussel bed encompassing an area approximately 12 km long and four m wide. For population analysis, the bed was sub-divided into five strata encompassing 9600 m2 each. Twenty random, 4 x 1 m, quantitative samples were taken from each of the five strata. Four mussel taxa; Amblema plicata (threeridge), Quadrula quadrula (mapleleaf) Quadrula nodulata (wartyback), and Plectomerus …

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Fishes Of Bayou Meto And Wattensaw Bayou, Two Lowland Streams In East Central Arkansas, Walter Dean Heckathorn Jr. Jan 1993

Fishes Of Bayou Meto And Wattensaw Bayou, Two Lowland Streams In East Central Arkansas, Walter Dean Heckathorn Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Bayou Meto is a low-gradient, highly turbid, warm-water stream that originates in the foothills of the Interior Highlands of central Arkansas and flows southeastward 290 km to the Arkansas River. In the 1970's, Bayou Meto was contaminated with dioxins from a point source (Vertac Corp.) now recognized as a USEPA Superfund site. The present study was initiated to investigate the impact of dioxin on the fish community of Bayou Meto. Fishes were collected by backpack-electrofishing, boat-electrofishing, seines, hoopnets, minnow traps, and trot lines, at 14 sampling stations. Diversity indices (Shannon and Margalef) were used to compare diversity among sample sites. …

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New Distributional Records For Arkansas Sturgeons, Thomas M. Buchanan, Henry W. Robison, Ken Shirley Jan 1993

New Distributional Records For Arkansas Sturgeons, Thomas M. Buchanan, Henry W. Robison, Ken Shirley

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Changes In The Nomenclature And Composition Of The Arkansas Fish Fauna From 1988 To 1993, Henry W. Robison, Thomas M. Buchanan Jan 1993

Changes In The Nomenclature And Composition Of The Arkansas Fish Fauna From 1988 To 1993, Henry W. Robison, Thomas M. Buchanan

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Distribution Of The Mole Salamander, Ambystoma Talpoideum (Urodela: Ambystomatidae), In Arkansas With Notes On Paedomorphic Populations, Stanley E. Trauth, Betty G. Cochran, David A. Saugey, William R. Posey Ii, Wesley A. Stone Jan 1993

Distribution Of The Mole Salamander, Ambystoma Talpoideum (Urodela: Ambystomatidae), In Arkansas With Notes On Paedomorphic Populations, Stanley E. Trauth, Betty G. Cochran, David A. Saugey, William R. Posey Ii, Wesley A. Stone

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Status Of The Ozark Hellbender, Cryptobranchus Bishopi (Urodela: Cryptobranchidae), In The Spring River, Fulton County, Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, J. D. Wilhide, Patrick Daniel Jan 1992

Status Of The Ozark Hellbender, Cryptobranchus Bishopi (Urodela: Cryptobranchidae), In The Spring River, Fulton County, Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, J. D. Wilhide, Patrick Daniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We conducted a tag and release study of the Ozark hellbender along a 26 km stretch of the Spring River from mid-July through mid-November, 1991, to determine current population levels. Salamanders were collected by hand with the aid of scuba diving equipment. Thirteen visits(36 dive hrs.) to10 selected access sites yielded 20 animals. Compared to previously published data of the early 1980's which indicated large, striving populations of C. bishopi(in some cases, > 300 individuals) in the Spring River, our study found perilously low numbers of salamanders. This drastic decline may be attributed to over collection of specimens for scientific or …

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Measuring Shrubland Vegetational Structure Using Avian Habitats As An Example, Douglas A. James Jan 1992

Measuring Shrubland Vegetational Structure Using Avian Habitats As An Example, Douglas A. James

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Vegetational sampling of avian habitats stresses the use of methods primarily designed for forest birds. This paper describes a technique for sampling vegetational structure in uneven patchy habitats such as shrublands. Using the method, avian habitats in old field shrublands of northwestern Arkansas were analyzed.

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Phytoplankton Community Abundance And Diversity In Dardanelle Reservoir, Arkansas, 1981-1990, John D. Rickett, Robert L. Watson Jan 1992

Phytoplankton Community Abundance And Diversity In Dardanelle Reservoir, Arkansas, 1981-1990, John D. Rickett, Robert L. Watson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Phytoplankton samples were collected quarterly from 1981-1990 at five stations representing discharge water from Arkansas Nuclear One, a nuclear generating station, and four "control" or "dispersal evaluation" stations. Seventy-five taxa representing five divisions were identified and enumerated. Community structure was evaluated using abundances, number of taxa, and Margalef's Richness, Shannon's Heterogeneity and Pielou's Evenness indices. No long-term trends were identified, but the beginning of cyclic variations, with a 7-year periodicity, in abundance, number of taxa, and Shannon's and Pielou's indices were apparent. Margalef's index values were constant during most of the study period. For all samples, t-tests and Mann-Whitney U …

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Distributional Survey Of The Bird-Voiced Treefrog, Hyla Avivoca (Anura: Hylidae), In Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 1992

Distributional Survey Of The Bird-Voiced Treefrog, Hyla Avivoca (Anura: Hylidae), In Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A field study of the bird-voiced treefrog, Hyla avivoca, was conducted in Arkansas during the summer of 1991. A total of 75 separate sites in 23 counties was visited. Males with their distinctive whistle-like calls were listened for at night at each site. Breeding colonies of Hyla avivoca were found in four of the six major river basins; the study established three new county records. Currently, this species has been documented at 14 sites in 10 counties; in very few situations were the treefrogs locally abundant (voucher specimens deposited in the Arkansas State University Museum of Zoology). Habitat perturbation and …

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Age Specific Analysis Of Food Habits For Arkansas Raccoons (Procyon Lotor), J. D. Wilhide, V. Rick Mcdaniel, C. Renn Tumlison Jan 1992

Age Specific Analysis Of Food Habits For Arkansas Raccoons (Procyon Lotor), J. D. Wilhide, V. Rick Mcdaniel, C. Renn Tumlison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Long-Term White-Tailed Deer Harvest Trends For The Southcentral United States, Richard A. Kluender, Philip A. Tappe, Michael E. Cartwright Jan 1992

Long-Term White-Tailed Deer Harvest Trends For The Southcentral United States, Richard A. Kluender, Philip A. Tappe, Michael E. Cartwright

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

White-tailed deer herd size across the southcentral states continues to increase. Concurrent with this increase has come a total harvest level increase for most states. Southcentral states have increased bag limits on antlerless deer to insure that herd health is maintained as herd sizes approach total carrying capacity. Harvest growth rates, however, show irregularities from year to year. The cyclic pattern of harvest (and population) growth rate is of shorter duration than would be expected in a large ungulate population. An exogenous influence is suspected. Cyclic patterns in harvest growth rates move opposite the growth rate of epizootic hemorrhagic disease …

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Zooplankton Community Abundance And Diversity In Dardanelle Reservoir, Arkansas, 1981-1990, John D. Rickett, Robert L. Watson Jan 1992

Zooplankton Community Abundance And Diversity In Dardanelle Reservoir, Arkansas, 1981-1990, John D. Rickett, Robert L. Watson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Zooplankton samples were collected quarterly from five stations representing the discharge bay and four "control" or "dispersing impact" stations. Rotifers dominated all samples numerically and by the number of taxa. All major groups (Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda, and Protozoa) exhibited greatest abundances during the summer. Quarterly variations in abundance and number of taxa were documented. Except for an increase in taxonomic analysis detail between 1981 and 1984 resulting in several more taxa added to the list, no long-term increases, declines or repeating cycles were apparent. Margalef's Richness Index reflected this change and showed a long-term increase with evidence of a 5- …

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Distribution Of The Southern Red-Backed Salamander, Plethodon Serratus (Caudata: Plethodontidae) In The Ouachita Mountain Region Of Arkansas, M. Doug Fletcher, Betty G. Cochran, Stanley E. Trauth, David A. Saugey Jan 1992

Distribution Of The Southern Red-Backed Salamander, Plethodon Serratus (Caudata: Plethodontidae) In The Ouachita Mountain Region Of Arkansas, M. Doug Fletcher, Betty G. Cochran, Stanley E. Trauth, David A. Saugey

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Sequential Occupation By Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers And Red-Bellied Woodpeckers In The Ouachita National Forest, Joseph C. Neal, Warren G. Montague, Douglas A. James Jan 1992

Sequential Occupation By Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers And Red-Bellied Woodpeckers In The Ouachita National Forest, Joseph C. Neal, Warren G. Montague, Douglas A. James

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Maternity Colony Of Gray Bats In A Non-Cave Site, Lorraine Timmerman, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1992

Maternity Colony Of Gray Bats In A Non-Cave Site, Lorraine Timmerman, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Synopsis Of The Notonectidae Of Arkansas, Stephen W. Chordas Iii, George L. Harp Jan 1991

Synopsis Of The Notonectidae Of Arkansas, Stephen W. Chordas Iii, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Landowner Reports Of Deer Hunter Damage In Arkansas, Richard A. Kluender, T. Bentley Wigley Jr. Jan 1991

Landowner Reports Of Deer Hunter Damage In Arkansas, Richard A. Kluender, T. Bentley Wigley Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Damage to property from deer hunters, though usually not discovered immediately, is a problem for many Arkansans. A questionnaire survey was mailed to 3,773 rural landowners in Arkansas to determine the type and cost of damage suffered from hunters. Thirty-five percent reported minor problems, and 15% reported severe damage from hunters. The most common problems caused by hunters were fence cutting (33%), severe littering (16%), road damage (13%), crop damage (10%), cattle shot (8%), gates left open (6%), and trespassing (6%). Eighty-three (5%) of the landowners reported damage costs of $500 or more; one sustained a $15,000 loss. Total state-wide …

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Distribution And Habitat Of Utilization Of The Four-Toed Salamander, Hemidactylium Scutatum, In The Ouachita Mountains Of Arkansas, David A. Saugey, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 1991

Distribution And Habitat Of Utilization Of The Four-Toed Salamander, Hemidactylium Scutatum, In The Ouachita Mountains Of Arkansas, David A. Saugey, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Four-toed salamanders in Arkansas represent a disjunct population separated from their main range in the eastern United States and Canada. Until recently, the distribution of this species was documented by a few individual specimens collected or observed from widely spaced localities which has resulted in its being considered rare and vulnerable. Recent investigations of distribution and habitat utilization indicate this species may be more common than previously believed, but also reaffirms the need to protect riparian habitat, springs, ponds, woodland seeps and other preferred, moist habitats containing mossy areas used as primary egg deposition sites.

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Five-Year Study Of Geocarpon Minimum At Warren Prairie Natural Area Bradley County, Arkansas, William M. Shepherd, Charles R. Preston, Robert Steinauer Jan 1991

Five-Year Study Of Geocarpon Minimum At Warren Prairie Natural Area Bradley County, Arkansas, William M. Shepherd, Charles R. Preston, Robert Steinauer

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Geocarpon minimum, listed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service as threatened, was monitored at Warren Prairie Natural Area, Bradley County, Arkansas, 1986-90. Selected environmental variables were compared with Geocarpon productivity plot by plot. Principal components (PC) analysis generated two eigenvectors that jointly accounted for 30% of the variation among plots. PC-l describes an exposure gradient; high-productivity plots had less litter and grass cover, more cryptogamic lip, and more iron nodules lying on the surface than most other plots. PC-II was more useful for separating highly productive plots from all other plots; the highly productive plots lay in close proximity …

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Organochlorine Pesticide Concentrations In Various Species Of Migratory Passerines In Louisiana, Ragupathy Kannan Jan 1991

Organochlorine Pesticide Concentrations In Various Species Of Migratory Passerines In Louisiana, Ragupathy Kannan

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Twenty-four specimens of southbound migratory passerines comprising 13 species were collected in northeastern Louisiana during 1986, and were subjected to gas-chromatography analyses for organochlorine pesticide compounds. Eleven of the specimens analyzed (46%) were positive for pesticides. The compounds detected were in trace amounts ranging from 1.37 to 200.14 ppb. The data indicated a further decline in pesticide burdens in birds since the ban on DDT. It also supported the hypothesis that a post-mortem breakdown of DDT to DDE may occur in avian tissues. Itis hypothesized that northbound migrants may have higher pesticide burdens than fall migrants considering the continued usage …

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Past And Present Distribution Of The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Picoides Borealis And Its Habitat In The Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, Joseph C. Neal, Warren G. Montague Jan 1991

Past And Present Distribution Of The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Picoides Borealis And Its Habitat In The Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, Joseph C. Neal, Warren G. Montague

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Within the past 15 years, at least 41 and probably more active cavity tree clusters (or colonies) of Red cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) have existed in remnant, mature shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) woodlands in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. These clusters were located on both private timberlands and in the Ouachita National Forest. Fewer than half of this number were still active in early 1991, and none remained on private timberlands. The species is presently restricted to the xeric, western margins of the Ouachitas in Scott and Polk counties within the confines of the Ouachita National Forest where it receives …

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An Analysis Of Stomach Contents Of The Ouachita Madtom In Three Streams Of The Upper Saline River Drainage, Arkansas, Tim M. Patton, Mark L. Zornes Jan 1991

An Analysis Of Stomach Contents Of The Ouachita Madtom In Three Streams Of The Upper Saline River Drainage, Arkansas, Tim M. Patton, Mark L. Zornes

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A study was conducted to identify typical foods eaten by the Ouachita madtom (Noturus lachneri), an endemic ictalurid of central Arkansas, and to compare these foods to the invertebrate community. Fish and invertebrate samples were collected in August and October, 1990, from a pool and adjacent riffle habitat in each of 3 streams in the upper Saline River drainage. Kick-net and electrofishing samples were collected at each site and the invertebrate organisms were identified to the lowest possible taxa. Stomachs from the N. lachneri specimens were removed and the contents were identified to order. Frequency of occurrence of each taxon …

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Distribution, Scutellation, And Reproduction In The Queen Snake, Regina Septemvittata (Serpentes: Colubridae), From Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 1991

Distribution, Scutellation, And Reproduction In The Queen Snake, Regina Septemvittata (Serpentes: Colubridae), From Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The queen snake, Regina septemvittata, has a disjunct portion of its distribution in Arkansas. This rare, crayfish-eating species is best known from only a few isolated populations from several major streams that flow out of the Boston Mountains of the Ozark Plateau. A field study of this species was conducted during the summer of 1990, and only 4 specimens were documented. Gravid females were collected in July; sperm production was also noted in July. Parturition presumably takes place in August or early September. This species may qualify as threatened or endangered in Arkansas.

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Aggressive Interactions Between Male Cotton Mice (Peromyscus Gossypinus) And Male Texas Mice (P. Attwateri), John A. Peppers, David W. Royal, Gary A. Heidt Jan 1991

Aggressive Interactions Between Male Cotton Mice (Peromyscus Gossypinus) And Male Texas Mice (P. Attwateri), John A. Peppers, David W. Royal, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Of The St. Francis Sunken Lands In Northeast Arkansas, Betty G. Cochran, George L. Harp Jan 1990

Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Of The St. Francis Sunken Lands In Northeast Arkansas, Betty G. Cochran, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The primary objective of this study was to survey the aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity of the St. Francis Sunken Lands in northeast Arkansas. Secondary objectives were a determination of their relative abundance and distributional and seasonal patterns. Sixty semi-annual collections were made from 30 stations by sampling each station 2 times for 1 ½ man-hours with a Turtox Indestructible™ dip net. Totals of 243 taxa and 13,952 organisms were recorded for the sample period (August 1987 - July 1988). Each station was assigned to 1 of 4 associations, distinguished by distinct physical factors within the river channels and the immediate watershed. …

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Reproductive Phenophases And Clutch Characteristics Of Selected Arkansas Amphibians, Stanley E. Trauth, Robert L. Cox Jr., Brian P. Butterfield, David A. Saugey, Walter E. Meshaka Jr. Jan 1990

Reproductive Phenophases And Clutch Characteristics Of Selected Arkansas Amphibians, Stanley E. Trauth, Robert L. Cox Jr., Brian P. Butterfield, David A. Saugey, Walter E. Meshaka Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Seasonal reproductive phenomena in 13 species of salamanders and 16 species of anurans from Arkansas were investigated. Most specimens were collected during a span of 6 years (1985-1990). Clutch characteristics, including mensural and meristic data, were determined from gravid females. In some species, the size of egg masses was also documented. Among the plethodontid salamanders, average clutch size (in parentheses) was greatest in Eurycea lucifuga (77.7) and smallest in Plethodon serratus (7.0). One of 2 ambystomatid salamanders (Ambystoma texanum) averaged 545.4 eggs per clutch; the other species (Ambystoma tigrinum) averaged 1 30.5. Siren intermedia nettingi (one of 3 large salamanders …

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Age Assessment Of White Bass From Otoliths, Dorsal Spines And Scales, Raj V. Kilambi, Thoniot T. Prabhakaran Jan 1989

Age Assessment Of White Bass From Otoliths, Dorsal Spines And Scales, Raj V. Kilambi, Thoniot T. Prabhakaran

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Otoliths, dorsal spines, and scales of 85 white bass collected in1987 from a pre-spawning group were used forage assessment. Agreement between spine and otolith ages were 78.3%, between scale and otolith ages was 68.2%. Unlike spine ages, percent agreement of scale ages with otolith ages decreased from small to large fish. Length-frequency analysis in conjunction with ages assessed by the three calcified structures showed that dorsal spines and scales underestimated white bass ages compared to the otoliths. Clarity of the otolith annuli, even of the older fish, makes them a reliable source for white bass age assessment.

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Dental Pathology In Selected Carnivores From Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, J. D. Wilhide, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1989

Dental Pathology In Selected Carnivores From Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, J. D. Wilhide, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The occurrence and kinds of dental pathology in wild carnivore populations in Arkansas were investigated through examination of 1295 skulls of bobcat (Felis rufus), river otter (Lutra canadensis), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), coyote (Canis latrans), and raccoon (Procyon lotor). Pulpitis or abscesses in broken or otherwise exposed teeth were noted in all species, but bobcats had the fewest exposures while otter and gray foxhad the most. Osteomyelitis occurred in all species except the bobcat. Caries were noted in the coyote, raccoon, and gray fox. Otter and coyote had alveolar thinning, and coyote had enamel dysplasia and maxillary sinusitis.

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Comments On Estimating Population Rate Of Increase From Age Frequency Data, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1988

Comments On Estimating Population Rate Of Increase From Age Frequency Data, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Although many papers have described assumptions and calculations of r from different kinds of data, none has compared estimates of r for the same real data set under different assumptions. We used the age distributions of gray foxes collected during six trapping seasons to estimate and compare r and lₓ series derived under different assumptions. Because trapped foxes are killed, they are believed by some to represent death history data. We found this treatment underestimates mortality so overestimates survivorship and leads to erroneous conclusions about the population. Use of a projection matrix allowed prediction of population size and thus allowed …

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