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Articles 31 - 49 of 49

Full-Text Articles in Other Cell and Developmental Biology

Characterizing The Requirements For The Matricellular Protein, Dccn, In Nervous System Function, Elizabeth L. Catudio Garrett Jan 2020

Characterizing The Requirements For The Matricellular Protein, Dccn, In Nervous System Function, Elizabeth L. Catudio Garrett

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The brain is organized as a complex network of specialized neurons that communicate via a combination of electrical and chemical signals. Our brains function to generate movement, control organ function, or direct complex behaviors; all of which requires the ability to regulate the flow of communication between circuits and networks. Work in this thesis addresses two areas of neuron communication: first, how does the release of more than one neurotransmitter from a single neuron impact behavior, and second, are matricellular proteins (MCPs) key contributors to synaptic transmission and neuron function? The conserved CCN family of MCPs have a …


Embryonic Lethality Of Cranial Neural Crest Deletion Of Cdc73, Lilia Shen May 2019

Embryonic Lethality Of Cranial Neural Crest Deletion Of Cdc73, Lilia Shen

Honors Scholar Theses

Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome is a disease characterized by parathyroid tumors, renal cysts or tumors, uterine tumors, and ossifying jaw fibromas. The cause of this syndrome is linked to a tumor suppressor gene called Cdc73, which encodes the protein product parafibromin. The loss of proper expression of Cdc73/parafibromin is implicated in the development of the tumors typical of HPT-JT, although the exact mechanisms of tumorigenesis are unclear. In particular, not much is understood about the development of ossifying fibromas (OF) of the jaw in this syndrome. OF is a benign bone neoplasm that can affect the mandible and …


Characterization Of Theranostic Peptides For Glioblastoma Multiforme, Aaron Mellesmoen Aug 2018

Characterization Of Theranostic Peptides For Glioblastoma Multiforme, Aaron Mellesmoen

All NMU Master's Theses

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a type of primary CNS tumor in which viable treatment options do not exist. Standard of care including tumor resection, chemotherapy, and radiation does little to extend the 5-year survival expectancy past 5.1%. Herein, two small-peptide molecules with inherent antitumor activity, blood-brain barrier permeability, and capability for tumor-specific drug deliverance and intraoperative visualization (termed theranostic) were of focus. Confocal microscopy was employed to characterize in vitro specificity of chlorotoxin, a 4 kDa scorpion venom peptide, and rBSG, the recombinant 25 kDa non-glycosylated extracellular domain of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN; Basigin) isoform …


Optimization Of A Genomic Editing System Using Crispr/Cas9-Induced Site-Specific Gene Integration, Jillian L. Mccool Ms., Nick Hum, Gabriela G. Loots Aug 2016

Optimization Of A Genomic Editing System Using Crispr/Cas9-Induced Site-Specific Gene Integration, Jillian L. Mccool Ms., Nick Hum, Gabriela G. Loots

STAR Program Research Presentations

The CRISPR-Cas system is an adaptive immune system found in bacteria which helps protect against the invasion of other microorganisms. This system induces double stranded breaks at precise genomic loci (1) in which repairs are initiated and insertions of a target are completed in the process. This mechanism can be used in eukaryotic cells in combination with sgRNAs (1) as a tool for genome editing. By using this CRISPR-Cas system, in addition to the “safe harbor locus,” ROSAβ26, the incorporation of a target gene into a site that is not susceptible to gene silencing effects can be achieved through few …


The Role Of Daf-19 In Non-Ciliated Neurons: How Is Neural Development Regulated By Different Daf-19 Isoforms?, Zabdiel Ek Vazquez Jun 2016

The Role Of Daf-19 In Non-Ciliated Neurons: How Is Neural Development Regulated By Different Daf-19 Isoforms?, Zabdiel Ek Vazquez

Lawrence University Honors Projects

A degenerative disease-like phenotype, specifically reduction in synaptic protein levels in adult worms, is correlated with loss-of-function of the only RFX transcription factor gene, daf-19, in C. elegans. This gene encodes four known transcription factor isoforms, two of which are correlated with particular functions. The DAF-19C isoform activates genes responsible for cilia development, while DAF-19M is needed for cilia specification in males. A comparison of the transcriptome of daf-19 null and isogenic wild type adult worms suggests both positive and negative regulation of gene expression is correlated with the presence of DAF-19 proteins. We have assessed DAF-19 regulation …


Direct Analysis In Real Time (Dart) Of An Organothiophosphate At Ultrahigh Resolution By Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry And Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Laszlo Prokai, Stanley M. Stevens Jr. Jan 2016

Direct Analysis In Real Time (Dart) Of An Organothiophosphate At Ultrahigh Resolution By Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry And Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Laszlo Prokai, Stanley M. Stevens Jr.

Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications

Direct analysis in real time (DART) is a recently developed ambient ionization technique for mass spectrometry to enable rapid and sensitive analyses with little or no sample preparation. After swab-based field sampling, the organothiophosphate malathion was analyzed using DART-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Mass resolution was documented to be over 800,000 in full-scan MS mode and over 1,000,000 for an MS/MS product ion produced by collision-induced dissociation of the protonated analyte. Mass measurement accuracy below 1 ppm was obtained for all DART-generated ions that belonged to the test compound in the …


Manipulation Of The Microbiome And Its Impact On Functional Recovery Following Ischemic Stroke, Michal Jandzinski May 2015

Manipulation Of The Microbiome And Its Impact On Functional Recovery Following Ischemic Stroke, Michal Jandzinski

Honors Scholar Theses

Each year, nearly 800,000 individuals residing in the United States will have a stroke. Of these, about 130,000 cases will prove fatal while many of the survivors will be forced to live with disability for the remainder of their lives. Out of all strokes over 87% are ischemic strokes. The widespread incidence of this debilitating condition costs the United States an estimated $36.5 billion dollars every single year. Despite this, clinicians are armed with very little to combat the disease. Recent research developments have brought about the rise in awareness about the importance of the microbiome, the various gut flora …


Expression And Characterization Of Ecm14, A Metallocarboxypeptidase From Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Matthew James Schott Jan 2015

Expression And Characterization Of Ecm14, A Metallocarboxypeptidase From Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Matthew James Schott

Master's Theses

Metallocarboxypeptidases are found in most organisms and function in the digestion and maturation of proteins. Ecm14 is a putative metallocarboxypeptidase found in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuole. The function of Ecm14 as an enzyme has been unclear due to the presence of active site amino acids not typically found in metallocarboxypeptidases, suggesting either no enzymatic activity or a unique mechanism. In order to investigate the enzymatic mechanism of Ecm14, expression of histidine-tagged Ecm14 protein was attempted in human HEK293T cell culture, S. cerevisiae, and baculovirus expression systems. No expression was detected in HEK293T cells in preliminary experiments. Expression in the …


Investigating The Roles Of The P63 Isoforms In The Microrna Biogenesis Pathway, Deepavali Chakravarti May 2013

Investigating The Roles Of The P63 Isoforms In The Microrna Biogenesis Pathway, Deepavali Chakravarti

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

MicroRNAs play roles in various biological processes like development, tumorigenesis, metastasis and pluripotency. My thesis work has demonstrated roles for p63, a p53 family member, in the upstream regulation of microRNA biogenesis. The p63 gene has a complex gene structure and has multiple isoforms. The TAp63 isoforms contain an acidic transcription activation domain. The ΔNp63 isoforms, lack the TA domain, but have a proline rich region critical for gene transactivation. To understand the functions of these isoforms, the Flores lab generated TAp63 and ΔNp63 conditional knock out mice. Using these mice and tissues and cells from these mice we have …


Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation & Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference In The Hiv-1 Transgenic Rat, Natasha F. Homji-Mishra May 2012

Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation & Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference In The Hiv-1 Transgenic Rat, Natasha F. Homji-Mishra

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Use Of Two-Dimensional Agarose-Gel Analysis To Characterize Processing Of Uv-Irradiated Plasmids And The Composition Of The Replisome Following Uv-Induced Arrest, Harout Arthur Jeiranian Jan 2012

Use Of Two-Dimensional Agarose-Gel Analysis To Characterize Processing Of Uv-Irradiated Plasmids And The Composition Of The Replisome Following Uv-Induced Arrest, Harout Arthur Jeiranian

Dissertations and Theses

In this thesis, I address two fundamental questions related to our understanding of how DNA damage is processed and repaired during replication. Using Two-dimensional (2-D) agarose gel analysis, I first examine whether DNA damage on plasmids introduced by transformation is processed in a manner similar to that observed on endogenously replicating plasmids and the chromosome. The original intent for using this approach was to develop a technique that could examine how different DNA adducts would be repaired in various sequence contexts. However, I found that distinct differences exist between the processing of DNA damage on transforming plasmids and the chromosome. …


The Impact Of Tricaine Methanesulfonate, 2-Phenoxyethanol, And Carvone-Methyl Salicylate On The Innate Immune Response Of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), Charles R. Wulff Jan 2011

The Impact Of Tricaine Methanesulfonate, 2-Phenoxyethanol, And Carvone-Methyl Salicylate On The Innate Immune Response Of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), Charles R. Wulff

Honors Theses

Anesthesia plays a vital role in the maintenance of aquaculture species, where it is used to minimize stress during complex handling tasks such as transport, assessment, and harvesting. However, anesthetics have been shown to suppress the innate immune response, which could impact immunity and increase risk of infection. Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) and 2-Phenoxyethanol (2-PE) represent two of the most commonly used anesthetics in aquaculture, with R-(+)-carvone, in the form of carvone-methyl salicylate (CMS) has recently been proposed as an alternative anesthetic for food fish. These three anesthetics were used to assess the influence of anesthetics on the immune system of …


Effect Of Glycocalyx On Red Blood Cell Motion In Capillary Surrounded By Tissue, Rekha Bali, Swati Mishra, P. N. Tandon Jun 2009

Effect Of Glycocalyx On Red Blood Cell Motion In Capillary Surrounded By Tissue, Rekha Bali, Swati Mishra, P. N. Tandon

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The aim of the paper is to develop a simple model for capillary tissue fluid exchange system to study the effect of glycocalyx layer on the single file flow of red cells. We have considered the channel version of an idealized Krogh capillary-tissue exchange system. The glycocalyx and the tissue are represented as porous layers with different property parametric values. Hydrodynamic Lubrication theory is used to compute the squeezing flow of plasma within the small gap between the cell and the glycocalyx layer symmetrically surrounded by the tissue. The system of non linear partial differential equations has been solved using …


Modeling Brain Injury: Expression Of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein In Stretch-Injured Astrocytes, Lindsey Cooke Apr 2009

Modeling Brain Injury: Expression Of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein In Stretch-Injured Astrocytes, Lindsey Cooke

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in individuals under 45. Individuals who survive TBI may be disabled for the rest of their lives and suffer from cognitive, physical, social and financial problems. Following TBI it has been shown that astrocytic gene expression of many proteins, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), increases. These “reactive” astrocytes are thought to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on neuronal survival and function. The current study uses an in vitro model of injury which grows astrocytes on deformable silastic membranes to allow for dynamic stretch of cultured cells …


Somatostatin Regulates Raw 264.7 Cell Cytokine Release, Shilpa Swarup May 2008

Somatostatin Regulates Raw 264.7 Cell Cytokine Release, Shilpa Swarup

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Immigrant monocytes and resident macrophages propagate the vertebrate innate immune response through cell migration and cytokine production. Monocytes responding to inflammatory challenge migrate into tissues, and as resident macrophages, release a major pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a). Macrophge cytokine synthesis is known to be under both negative and positive regulatory control. Recent studies have shown that somatostatin (SRIF) regulates monocyte and peritoneal macrophages. However, the effects of SRIF on RAW 264.7 cells, a transformed monocyte/macrophage cell line, have not been investigated. In the present study, SRIF effect on cytokine release in LPS stimulated RAW 264. 7 cells was …


Analysis Of Genotypic And Phenotypic Differences In Desmognathus Quadramaculatus Across The Southern Appalachians, Deborah Susan Merritt Jan 2005

Analysis Of Genotypic And Phenotypic Differences In Desmognathus Quadramaculatus Across The Southern Appalachians, Deborah Susan Merritt

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Populations of Desmognathus quadramaculatus were compared for genotypic and phenotypic differences across 5 states in the Southern Appalachians. Series consisting of 10 salamanders each were collected from West Virginia, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina and Georgia. Salamanders were assessed for genotypic differences by using allozyme (proteins with polymorphic loci) electrophoresis staining for 13 loci of the muscle, liver and stomach tissue. Nei’s genetic distance was used to score genetic variation between populations. Phenotypic differences were assessed by comparing 10 external morphological measurements between populations. Mahalanobis’ distance was used to score morphological differences between populations. Both genetic and morphological differences were correlated …


Lipopolysaccharide Induced Septicemia In Chronic Morphine Treated Rats, Frank Ocasio Aug 2003

Lipopolysaccharide Induced Septicemia In Chronic Morphine Treated Rats, Frank Ocasio

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Opiate-addicts have been known to show increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a cell wall component in gram-negative bacterial, is a potent stimulator of inflammation. We investigated how treatment with morphine alters LPS-induced inflammatory responses in the rat. Chronic morphine exposure alone elevated serum endotoxin levels. Animals treated with morphine and LPS (250 µglkg) developed hypothermia, decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP), increased plasma thrombin anti-thrombin III (TAT) complex, and approximately 67% exhibited progressive intramicrovascular coagulation. Morphine also enhanced LPS­ induced leukocyte endothelial adhesion (LEA), suppressed leukocyte flux and corticosterone production, and elevated interleukin- I�, tumor necrotic factor-a, …


The Wings Of Bombyx Mori Develop From Larval Discs Exhibiting An Early Differentiated State: A Preliminary Report, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Amit Singh, K. P. Gopinathan Jun 2001

The Wings Of Bombyx Mori Develop From Larval Discs Exhibiting An Early Differentiated State: A Preliminary Report, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Amit Singh, K. P. Gopinathan

Biology Faculty Publications

Lepidopteran insects present a complex organization of appendages which develop by various mechanisms. In the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori, a pair of meso- and meta-thoracic discs located on either side in the larvae gives rise to the corresponding fore- and hind-wings of the adult. These discs do not experience massive cell rearrangements during metamorphosis and display the adult wing vein pattern. We have analysed wing development in B. mori by two approaches, viz., expression of patterning genes in larval wing discs, and regulatory capacities of larval discs following explantation or perturbation. Expression of Nubbin is seen all over the presumptive …


A Cytological Study Of The Intestinal Glandular Epithelium, Mary Judelle Zuiker May 1940

A Cytological Study Of The Intestinal Glandular Epithelium, Mary Judelle Zuiker

Bachelors’ Theses

Continuing from the stomach, the digestive tract becomes a smaller tube whose internal surface is much increased by means of folds--the plica circularis, the villi, and crypts of Lieberkühn. The plica (formerly known as valvulae conniventes) are really elevations of the submucosa covered on both sides by the entire mucous membrane-villi, glands, and muscularis mucosae. The mucosa membrane, or tunica mucosa, is lined by simple columnar epithelium in which many goblet cells are present, particularly in the deeper folds. The basement membrane, as well as the muscularis mucosa, are identical with those of the stomach.