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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Developmental Biology
Loss Of Mct1 Mediated Lactate Uptake Causes Delayed Endplate Maturation And Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Maria Tsingas, Konstantinos Tsingas, Mei Smyers, Wujuan Zhang, Aaron R. Goldman, Eulisa Lawrence, John A. Collins, Makarand V. Risbud
Loss Of Mct1 Mediated Lactate Uptake Causes Delayed Endplate Maturation And Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Maria Tsingas, Konstantinos Tsingas, Mei Smyers, Wujuan Zhang, Aaron R. Goldman, Eulisa Lawrence, John A. Collins, Makarand V. Risbud
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers
During skeletal growth, it is thought that the lactate secreted by the glycolytic nucleus pulposus (NP) cells exits the intervertebral disc into circulation via endplates. Our current studies challenge this long-held notion. Mice with early postnatal, endplate, and annulus fibrosus-specific deletion of lactate importer, MCT1, exhibited disc degeneration characterized by NP cell loss and pronounced endplate structural changes. Using metabolic and transcriptomic approaches, we demonstrate that MCT1 loss inhibits endplate chondrocyte differentiation and that lactate serves both as a crucial TCA metabolite and promotes protein and histone lactylation and gene expression. These findings suggest that during skeletal growth, NP-derived lactate …
The Influence Of Mir-322 On Skeletal Muscle Differentiation, Miles Alexander Soyer
The Influence Of Mir-322 On Skeletal Muscle Differentiation, Miles Alexander Soyer
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in coordinating voluntary movement and accounts for nearly 50% of total body mass. Dysregulation in skeletal muscle development is known to cause muscle degenerative diseases including the devastating Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). The majority of the biological studies investigating muscle development were based on myogenic transcription factors and signaling molecules including: Pax7, Myf5, MyoD, WNT, TGF-β and BMP. After the discovery of non-coding RNAs including microRNAs, it was postulated that these molecules could regulate gene expression and thus affect differentiation and development. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs (~17-25 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression negatively …
Of Donuts And Promo : In Silico Approaches To Identification Of Transcriptional Regulators Of Salivary Acinar Differentiation, Connor Cillian Duffy
Of Donuts And Promo : In Silico Approaches To Identification Of Transcriptional Regulators Of Salivary Acinar Differentiation, Connor Cillian Duffy
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The salivary gland is an organ often taken for granted by most people. However, its proper function is essential for several everyday activities, such as speaking, swallowing, and tasting. As such, impaired salivary gland function, such as that caused by Sjögren’s Syndrome or radiotherapy for head and neck cancers, can lead to a significantly reduced quality of life. The cells that produce saliva in salivary glands are known as acinar cells, which arise from proacinar cells generated during embryonic development. As such, in studying the promoter regions of proacinar and acinar genes, it may be possible to identify common transcription …
Chromatin-Signaling Axis Orchestrates The Formation Of Germline Stem Cell Differentiation Niche In Drosophila, Maitreyi Upadhyay
Chromatin-Signaling Axis Orchestrates The Formation Of Germline Stem Cell Differentiation Niche In Drosophila, Maitreyi Upadhyay
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Stem cells have the unique capability of self-renewing into stem cells and differentiating into several terminal cell types. Loss of either of these processes can lead to aging, progression towards degenerative diseases and cancers. Insight into how self-renewal and differentiation are regulated will have tremendous therapeutic impact. Drosophila is an excellent model system for stem cell study due to the availability of various mutants, markers and RNAi technology. In order to study stem cell biology, we use female Drosophila gonads, whose stem cell population – the germline stem cells (GSCs) gives rise to gametes.
Investigation Into The Function Of Endothelial Cells And Their Signaling In Early Salivary Gland Development, Hae Ryong Kwon
Investigation Into The Function Of Endothelial Cells And Their Signaling In Early Salivary Gland Development, Hae Ryong Kwon
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Functional vasculature regulates organ formation and regeneration. Perfusion-independent and nutrition-independent endothelial regulation of epithelial patterning is of considerable interest for application in restoring parenchymal function. During murine submandibular salivary gland development, the vasculature co-develops with the epithelium; however, it is still unknown if the vasculature has instructive effects on the epithelium. A systems biological study revealed that endothelial genes are enriched in epithelial clefts, suggesting a potential involvement of endothelial cells in early morphogenesis. Using immunodepletion of the endothelial cells from the mesenchyme of reconstituted glands, a requirement for endothelial cells in epithelial patterning was demonstrated. Specifically, lobule formation was …
Myo/Nog Cells: Targets For Preventing The Accumulation Of Skeletal Muscle-Like Cells In The Human Lens, Jacquelyn Gerhart, M. Greenbaum, V. Scheinfeld, P. Fitzgerald, M. Crawford, Arturo Bravo Nuevo, M. Pitts, Mindy George-Weinstein
Myo/Nog Cells: Targets For Preventing The Accumulation Of Skeletal Muscle-Like Cells In The Human Lens, Jacquelyn Gerhart, M. Greenbaum, V. Scheinfeld, P. Fitzgerald, M. Crawford, Arturo Bravo Nuevo, M. Pitts, Mindy George-Weinstein
PCOM Scholarly Works
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a vision impairing condition that arises in some patients following cataract surgery. The fibrotic form of PCO is caused by myofibroblasts that may emerge in the lens years after surgery. In the chick embryo lens, myofibroblasts are derived from Myo/Nog cells that are identified by their expression of the skeletal muscle specific transcription factor MyoD, the bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor Noggin, and the epitope recognized by the G8 monoclonal antibody. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that depletion of Myo/Nog cells will prevent the accumulation of myofibroblasts in human lens tissue. …
Embryonic Stem Cells Are Redirected To Non-Tumorigenic Epithelial Cell Fate By Interaction With The Mammary Microenvironment, Corinne A. Boulanger, Robert D. Bruno, David L. Mack, Monica Gonzales, Nadia P. Castro, David S. Salomon, Gilbert H. Smith
Embryonic Stem Cells Are Redirected To Non-Tumorigenic Epithelial Cell Fate By Interaction With The Mammary Microenvironment, Corinne A. Boulanger, Robert D. Bruno, David L. Mack, Monica Gonzales, Nadia P. Castro, David S. Salomon, Gilbert H. Smith
School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications
Experiments were conducted to redirect mouse Embryonic Stem (ES) cells from a tumorigenic phenotype to a normal mammary epithelial phenotype in vivo. Mixing LacZ-labeled ES cells with normal mouse mammary epithelial cells at ratios of 1:5 and 1:50 in phosphate buffered saline and immediately inoculating them into epithelium-divested mammary fat pads of immune-compromised mice accomplished this. Our results indicate that tumorigenesis occurs only when normal mammary ductal growth is not achieved in the inoculated fat pads. When normal mammary gland growth occurs, we find ES cells (LacZ+) progeny interspersed with normal mammary cell progeny in the mammary epithelial structures. We …
Elucidating The Role Of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins And B-Lymphocyte Maturation Protein 1 During Primordial Germ Cell Specification, Laughing Bear Torrez Dulgeroff
Elucidating The Role Of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins And B-Lymphocyte Maturation Protein 1 During Primordial Germ Cell Specification, Laughing Bear Torrez Dulgeroff
Theses Digitization Project
This study will present an optimized protocol to induce and isolate primordial germ cells (PGC) from hESC and hiPSC. Human embrionic stem cells (hESC and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) provide a model for studying paradigms of early development.
Visualizing The Needle In The Haystack: In Situ Hybridization With Fluorescent Dendrimers, Jacquelyn Gerhart, M. Baytion, J. Perlman, C. Neely, B. Hearon, T. Nilsen, R. Getts, J. Kadushin, Mindy George-Weinstein
Visualizing The Needle In The Haystack: In Situ Hybridization With Fluorescent Dendrimers, Jacquelyn Gerhart, M. Baytion, J. Perlman, C. Neely, B. Hearon, T. Nilsen, R. Getts, J. Kadushin, Mindy George-Weinstein
PCOM Scholarly Works
In situ hybridization with 3DNA dendrimers is a novel tool for detecting low levels of mRNA in tissue sections and whole embryos. Fluorescently labeled dendrimers were used to identify cells that express mRNA for the skeletal muscle transcription factor MyoD in the early chick embryo. A small population of MyoD mRNA positive cells was found in the epiblast prior to the initiation of gastrulation, two days earlier than previously detected using enzymatic or radiolabeled probes for mRNA. When isolated from the epiblast and placed in culture, the MyoD mRNA positive cells were able to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells. These …
Laminin Potentiates Differentiation Of Pcc4uva Embryonal Carcinoma Into Neurons, T. M. Sweeney, Roy C. Ogle, C. D. Little
Laminin Potentiates Differentiation Of Pcc4uva Embryonal Carcinoma Into Neurons, T. M. Sweeney, Roy C. Ogle, C. D. Little
School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications
The embryonal carcinoma PCC4uva differentiates into neurons in response to treatment with retinoic acid and dbcAMP. We used this in vitro model system to study the effects of laminin on early neural differentiation. Laminin substrata markedly potentiate neural differentiation of retinoic acid and dbcAMP-treated cultures. Only laminin induced more rapid neural cell body clustering, neurite growth and neurite fasciculation as compared to type IV collagen, type I collagen, and fibronectin substrata. Exogenous laminin substrata promoted greater cell attachment, cellular spreading and growth to confluence than type IV collagen, type I collagen, fibronectin and glass substrata. Laminin-induced effects were inhibited by …